The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
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Campbell, Murray
Carr, Dustin
Carroll, Lewis
cars and driving
cassettes
cells
census
Center for Human Simulation
Chalmers. J.
Champernowne, David
Chang, Young
chaos
evolution and
evolutionary algorithms and
Law of Increasing Chaos
Law of Time and Chaos
Chelyabinsk
,Chernobyl
chess
Deep Blue’s playing of
legend of inventor of
Pick Best Move program for
quantum computing and
China
legend of emperor of
chips, computer
Moore’s Law and, see Moore’s Law
three-dimensional
Chuang, Isaac
Chuang-tzu
Church, Alonzo
Church, Ken
Churchill, Winston
Church-Turing thesis
Clarke, Arthur C
cochlear implants
Cohen, Harold
color perception
Colossus
common sense
communication
in animals
in arts
future technologies for
compact disc (CD)
compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)
complexity
computation
achieving human-level capabilities in
crystalline
density of
destruction of information in
digital
DNA
exponential growth of
inevitability of
on Internet, proposal for
irreversibility of
Law of Accelerating Returns applied to
nanotubes and
optical
order and
quantum, see quantum computing
Turing Machine model of
see also artificial intelligence; intelligence
computers
art and, see arts
Babbage’s Analytical Engine
chips in, see chips, computer
consciousness in
dependence on
first American programmable
intelligence of, see artificial intelligence
knowledge gathering and sharing by
Moore’s Law and, see Moore’s Law
neural, see neural nets
number of
past predictions made about
programming of, compared with evolution
in schools
speed and power of
supercomputers
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029
world’s first operational
Y2K and
Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing)
consciousness
brain and
in computers/AI
Descartes’s dictum and
as “different kind of stuff”
in evolution
as function of pattern, vs. particles
human inability to understand
logical positivist view of
as machine reflecting on itself
multiple
Plato’s views on
quantum mechanics and
schools of thought on
testability of
Turing Test and, see Turing Test
Universe and
see also identity
context
continuous speech recognition (CSR)
Voice Xpress Plus
Cope, David
cosmological constant
Crick, Francis H. C.
cryonics
crystalline computing
Cser, Jim
Curl, Robert
deaf persons
cochlear implants for
death, see mortality
Debussy, Claude
Deep Blue (chess-playing computer)
De Garis, Hugo
DENDRAL
Dennett, Daniel
Descartes, René
digital
digital computing
digital video disc (DVD)
dinosaurs
disabilities
blindness, see blind persons
deafness, see deaf persons
neural implants and, see neural implants
prosthetic devices and
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029
disease
cancer
cryonics and
pathogens in, see pathogens
see also medicine
DNA
computing with
error correction in
in evolution
of Homo sapiens vs. primates
protein synthesis and see also genes, genetic code
Dogbert
Donovan
Drexler, Eric
Dreyfus, Hubert
driving
drugs
Dyson, Esther
Earth
formation of
eating
economy, see business, economics, and finance
Edison, Thomas Alva
education
computers in schools
teachers and teaching in
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029 see also learning
Einstein, Albert
cosmological constant of
on simplification
theory of relativity of
Eisenhower, Dwight
electrocardiogram (EKG)
electromagnetic force
electrons
tunneling of
electroweak force
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence)
emotions
in animals
produced by brain stimulation
Emperors New Mind, The (Penrose)
employment
encryption
Pretty Good Privacy
quantum
engines, jet
Engines of Creation (Drexler)
Enigma code
entropy
Increasing, Law of, see second law of thermodynamics
Evans, Thomas G.
evolution
acceleration of time in
of body and brain
chaos and order in
complexity and
computer programming compared with
computer simulation of
of conscious life
consciousness in
DNA-based
and end of Universe
of evolution
of eye
fetal development and
inefficiency of
intelligence of
Law of Accelerating Returns applied to
of life-forms
natural selection in
pace of
of pathogens
Punctuated Equilibrium theories on
record of achievement in
of technology
evolutionary algorithms
basic schema for
in investment programs
knowledge and
self-organization in
visual arts and
Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI)
expert systems
exponential trends
growth of computation
growth of technology
in legend of chess inventor and emperor
nature of time
predictions and
quickening pace in evolution
slowing pace in development of Universe
slowing pace in progression of organism’s life
eye see also retina
face-recognition systems
&n
bsp; failure modes
Feigenbaum, Edward A.
femtoengineering
Ferucci, Dave
fetus
Feynman, Richard
finance, see business, economics, and finance
Florence Manifesto Brigade
flying machines
Foch, Marshal
Foglets
fog swarms
food
force-feedback devices
Ford, Henry
Fredkin, Edward
free will
Fried, Itzhak
Friedel, Frederick
Fromherz, Peter
Fuller, R. Buckminster
future of computer technology
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029
in 2099
galaxies
Gates, Bill
General Problem Solver (GPS)
genes, genetic code
Human Genome Project and
redundancies in
reverse engineering of see also DNA
genetic algorithms see also evolutionary algorithms
Gershenfeld, Neil
Gilder, George
Gilmore, John
Gisin, Nicolas
global positioning system (GPS)
glossary
Gödel’s incompleteness theorem
God spot
Goldberg, Ian
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Gordian knot
gorillas
grandfather legislation
gravity
Greenspan, Alan
Grinvald, Amiram
guitar, microscopic
Gulf War
Hall, J. Storrs
handwriting
Harries, Richard
health care, see medicine
heat
Hesselink, Lambertus
Hillis, W Daniel
Ho, Chih-Ming
Hodgson, Paul
Hofstadter, Douglas
on self-understanding
holograms
Homo erectus
Homo habilis
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens neanderthallensis
Homo sapiens sapiens
Hübener, Mark
human(s):
defining of
MOSHs
Human Genome Project
humanoids
humor
jokes
Huxley, Thomas Henry
hypothalamus
IBM
identity:
definition of “human”
as function of pattern, vs. particles
neural implants and
and transfer of information following brain scan see also consciousness
Iijima, Sumio
image processing
Improvisor
Industrial Revolution
Second
information
innovation
insects
integrated circuits
Moore’s Law on, see Moore’s Law
neurons and
quantum effects in
intelligence
body and; see also body
consciousness and
defining
density of
duality of
emergence of, and entropy
of evolution; see also evolution
and evolution of technology
hardware of
human vs. artificial
individual vs. group
knowledge and, see knowledge
pattern recognition in, see pattern recognition
relevance to rest of Universe
time use as element of
Turing Test and, see Turing Test
see also artificial intelligence
intelligence, paradigms for
combining of
evolutionary algorithms, see evolutionary algorithms
knowledge and
neural net, see neural nets
recursion, see recursion
intelligent assistants
intelligent function
internal states
Internet
commerce on
computation harvesting proposal see also World Wide Web
inventions
Isaac, Randy
I’ve Got a Secret
Japan
JAPE (Joke Analysis and Production Engine)
Kaczynski, Theodore (Ted)
Kasparov, Gary
Deep Blue’s match with
Kauffman, Stuart
Kay, Alan
Kazantzakis, Nikos
Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord
knowledge
bases of
built-in
chunks of
common sense
computers’ acquisition of
context and
in evolution of technology
human downloading of
language and
sharing of
technology and see also learning
Kocher, Paul
Koko
Koza, John
Kroto, Harold
Kuno, Susumu
Kurzweil, Ray:
highlights in life of
past predictions made by
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence
Kurzweil Computer Products
Kurzweil Cybernetic Poet