The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
Page 53
Kurzweil Data Entry Machine
Kurzweil Educational Systems
Kurzweil Music Systems
Kurzweil Reading Machine (KRM)
Kurzweil Voice
Kurzweil VoiceMed (Kurzweil Clinical Reporter)
Landauer, Rolf
language
natural
translating of
Turing Test and
language user interfaces (LUIs)
LANs (local area networks)
Lao-tzu
Larson, Steve
Latham, William
Law of Accelerating Returns
applied to computation
applied to evolution
brain scans and
in flow chart
quantum computing and
scanning technologies and
Universe and
Law of Increasing Chaos
Law of Increasing Entropy, see second law of thermodynamics
Law of Time and Chaos
laws of thermodynamics, see thermodynamics, laws of
learning
curve of
in neural nets see also education; knowledge
legal system
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leonardo da Vinci
Lemout & Hauspie (L&H)
Lewis. S.
life
evolution of
life span
light (photons)
optical computing
quantum effects and
LISP (list processing)
listening machines
literary arts
Cybernetic Poet
logical positivism
Logic Theorist
Lovelace, Ada
Ludd, Ned
Luddites
Florence Manifesto Brigade
Kaczynski, Theodore (Ted)
Remember York movement
machines
capabilities of animals vs.
effect on employment
Luddites and, see Luddites
rights of see also artificial intelligence; computers; technology
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
mammals
Mark 1
markov models
Marshal, Wallace
Martin, Steve
mathematics
incompleteness theorem in
quantum computers and
recursion and
sets in
unsolvable problems in
matter
Max Planck Institute
Mead, Carver
Medical Learning Company
medicine
genetic therapies
MYCIN system
nanobots in
neural implants in, see neural implants
training in
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029 see also disease
meditation
memory(ies)
brain capacity and
brain scans and; see also brain scans
holographic nature of
Merkle, Ralph
Metcalfe, Robert
Michael, Joseph
Michelson, Albert Abraham
microprocessors
Microsoft
Million of Instructions per Second (MIP)
mind
as machine, vs. mind beyond machine
society of
see also consciousness; philosophical issues
mind-body problem
mind triggers
Minsky, Marvin
on common sense
on consciousness
on Deep Blue
on knowledge bases
Perceptrons
on society of mind
mirrors
mission critical system
molecular computing
Moore, Gordon
Moore’s Law
Moravec, Hans
mortality life span
Moser, David
Mostly Original Substrate Humans (MOSHs)
Mulcahy, Susan
Murdoch, Iris
music
brain-generated
instruments in
Kurzweil synthesizers and
Turing Test and
MYCIN
nanobots
swarms of
nanopathogens
nanopatrols
nanotechnology
bodies enhanced with
current examples of
dangers of
food and
growth of industry
life on Earth as
self-replication in
weapons and
nanotubes
neural implants
feelings enhanced by
identity and
virtual environments and
neural nets
basic schema for
combined with other methods
in investment programs
massively parallel
pattern recognition in
problem-solving in
processors in
reduction of information in
self-organization in
training of
neurons
devices for triggering
information gleaned from brain scans on
integrated circuits and
number of, in brain
quantum computation in
slow speed of
types of
neuron transistors
NeuroSonics
neurotransmitters
neutrons
Newell, Allen
Newton, Isaac
1999
Y2K and
noise
nuclear technology
number factoring
objective experience
Olds, James
Olson, Ken
ontogeny
optical character recognition (OCR)
optical computing
optical imaging
order
computation and
in evolutionary processes
and Law of Increasing Entropy
Pagels, Heinz
paper documents
Papert, Seymour Perceptrons
paradigms
for intelligence, see intelligence, paradigms for
parallel processing
massive
massively parallel neural nets
Parkinson’s disease
pathogens
nanopathogens
software
pattern recognition
Patterson, Francine
Penrose, Roger
Perceptron
Perceptrons (Minsky and Papert)
person-identification technologies
Philosophical Investigations (Wittgenstein)
philosophical issues
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029 see also consciousness; identity; spirituality
phonemes
phonograph records
photons, see light
phylogeny, ontogeny and
picoengineering
pipelining
Planck, Max
Plato
Poe, Edgar Allan
politics and society
in 2009
in 2019
in 2029
see also philosophical issues
Popular Mechanics
population
positrons
prediction(s)
in Age of Intelligent Machines
in information theory
made in early days of AI
made in the past see also future of computer technology
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
primates
communication and
Principia Mathematica (Russell and Whitehead)
print-to-speech software
privacy see also encryption
problem-solving
> context in see also intelligence
proteins
protons
punch cards
quantum computing
and consciousness in machines
conscious observation and
decoherence in
digital computing compared with
with DNA
encryption and
in human brain
liquid
mirror analogy
uses of
quantum entanglement
quantum mechanics
logic in
quarks
qu-bits
Random Access Memory (RAM)
randomness
Ray, Thomas
Ray Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet (RKCP)
reading machines:
for blind
for children
recursion
combined with other methods
knowledge and
Reddy, Raj
relativity
Relaxation Response
religion see also spirituality
Remember York movement
retina
implants for
virtual displays and
reverse engineering
of brain ; see also brain scans
Rich, Elaine
Rizzo, Joseph
RNA
Robinson (computer)
robots
Rogers, Will
Romero, Tim
Rukeyser, Muriel
Russell, Bertrand set theory of
Russell’s Paradox
Savage-Rumbaugh, Emily
scanners
scans, brain, see brain scans
Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI)
second law of thermodynamics
Seinfeld, Kal and Jerry
self-organization
self-replication
semiconductors
Sensorium
set theory
sex
virtual
Shahn, Ben
Shakespeare, William
Shaw, J. C.
SHRDLU
Simon, Herbert
simplification
Sims, Karl
Small, Jacquelyn
Smalley, Richard
Smolin, Lee
Society of Mind, The (Minsky)
solar cells
solar systems
“Solitary at Seventeen, The” (Spacks)
soul
Soviet Union
spacecraft
Space War
Spacks, Barry
speech
speech recognition , Z99 see also continuous speech recognition
speech-to-print devices
spirituality
God module and
stars
Star Trek
Star Wars
Steer, Clifford
stock market and investment decisions
strong force
Student
subjective experience
of time see also consciousness
supercomputers
swarms
Swinbume, Charles A.
Synaptics
synthesizers
music
teaching, teachers
technology
Clarke on
constructive use of
creation of
definition and derivation of word
economy and
evolution of
exponential growth of
historical developments
inevitability of
knowledge and
Luddites and, see Luddites
merger of technology-inventing species with
nanotechnology, see nanotechnology
stages of
stopping advance of
technology created by
transcendence of materials in see also arts; computers; language
telephone
translating
Teller, Astro
telomeres
thermodynamics, laws of
second
time
death and
directionality of
exponential nature of; see also exponential trends
intelligence and
Law of Time and Chaos
linear
speed of
subjective
and theory of relativity
time line
Today
Todd, Stephen
Toffler, Alvin
Tolkien, J.R.R.
tools
Torrey, E. Fuller
Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus (Wittgenstein)
transistors
electron tunneling in
Moore’s Law and, see Moore’s Law
traveling salesperson problem
Trosch, Rick
tunneling
Turing, Alan
on acknowledging intelligence in machines
Enigma code and
Turing machine
Turing Test
musical
Twilight Zone, The
2000, Y2K and
2009
2019
2029
2099
United States
Universe:
birth of