The power broker : Robert Moses and the fall of New York

by Caro, Robert A

  La Guardia, Mrs. Fiorello H., 358, 452

  La Guardia Airport, 452, 757; public authority for, 760, 762

  Lake George, 239

  Lake Placid, 27, 77

  Lambert, Barney, 860, 866, 886, 887, 888, 890-1

  Lambie, Morris, 105, 106

  Lang, Pearl, 985

  Lansky, Meyer, 1044

  Latham, William H., 227, 228, 229-30, 271, 371, 374, 484, 809, 811, 814, 1084

  Laurelton Parkway, 8, 515, 896

  law: defied by public power, 219-20, 276-7, 581; RM's contempt for, 192, 197, 214, 218, 219-20, 275-6, 277-8, 304, 340, 470, 505, 569, 577, 815, 831-2

  Lawford, Patricia Kennedy, 1014

  Lazarcheck, Helen, 854

  Lazarus, Reuben A., 140, 241, 304, 359, 445 n., 446-7, 463, 478, 484, 586, 587, 593-4, 607-8, 609, 626, 635, 676, 692, 714,721, 729, 788,789, 790

  Leavitt, Helen, 927

  Lebwohl, William, 484, 752, 802, 878, 1009, ion, 1012, 1017, 1018, 1041-3, 1047, 1050-1, 1052, 1120, 1143, 1149

  legal fees, see corruption and honest graft

  Legislature, see N.Y.S. Legislature

  Lehman, Herbert H., 9, 33, 306, 308, 314, 720, 739; attacked by RM, 409, 412-17, 469-70; character, 412-13, 415, 423; as Governor, 345, 346, 353, 368, 395, 407, 408, 412-17, 418-19, 421, 422, 423, 528-30, 538, 608, 609, 620, 625, 635, 670, 711, 1078; RM and, 345, 362, 413, 423, 529-30, 636, 1071; and public works, 345, 408, 413, 423; social welfare measures of, 418; and utilities,

  403-4, 412, 414-15 Lehman family, 33, 34 Letch worth State Park, 227, 239, 240,

  245, 246, 317, 318 Levitt, Arthur, 717 /?., 1136, 1138 Levy, Aaron J., 505 Levy, Samuel, 475, 549 Lewis, Sinclair, 39 Lewisohn, Adolph, 460 Lewisohn family, 34 Liberal Party, 778

  libraries, 642, 757, 759, 772, 795, 904 Lie, Trygve, 772-4, 775, 1085 Life, 572 Lincoln Center, 6, 19, 830, 1013-16,

  1070, 1152, 1157; tenant eviction and

  relocation for, 19-20, 741, 830, 986,

  1013-14 Lincoln Tunnel, 345, 925; and Port of

  N.Y. Authority, 617, 691, 784, 900,

  912,918,922 Lindbergh, Charles, 652 Lindenbaum, Abraham, 805 Lindsay, John Vliet: as mayor, 9, 20, 446,

  805, 1117-31, 1134; RM and, 1049,

  1117-31, 1151, 1154, 1157-8, 1160;

  power brokers and, 1118, 1125-9, 1130;

  transportation policy of, 118-29, 1132 Lippmann, Walter, 261, 437 Litchfield, Electus D., 547 Livingston, Goodhue, 793, 977 Lloyd, Clinton, 531-2 Lloyd Neck, 152, 170, 182, 186, 205, 212 Lockwood, Charles C, 132 Loeser, Gen. Paul J., 391, 718 Lombardo, Carmen, 818, 819-20 Lombardo, Guy, 14, 817-20, 821-2, 824,

  1155

  Lombardo, Lebert, 818, 819-20

  Long, Huey, 437

  Long Beach, 152, 155

  Long Island, 147-56, 157, 169-70, 275, 387; baymen, 147-9, 155, i59-6o, 175, 204, 234, 235-6, 312, 822; beaches, 8, 151-2, 153-4, 155, 160, 169-70, 220; commercial development, lack of, 899, 908, 940, 941-2; development in, 202, 205-6, 212, 313, 898-9, 941-2, 945-6, 958, 1152; geology of, 145-7; governments, 275; mass transit needs, 928-9, 941-49, 951, 954~5, 957-8; RM's dreams and plans for, 158, 161-3, 205, 220, 239, 240-1, 281, 309, 619, 834-5, 896, 952-4, 1022, 1152; RM's studies of, 157-63, 169-91; N.Y.C. property on, 157-9, 161-2, 175, 182, 205, 212, 834; North Shore, 146, 150-4, 163, 302, 317, 405, 94i; park attendance, 238, 314; park restrictions, 148; parks and parkways, 8, 10, 170-1, 212, 220,-221, 226, 237-9, 275, 281-2, 287, 290, 305, 3o8~ 313-15, 342, 388-9, 478, 479-80, 481-2, 483, 485, 486, 495,

  Long Island (cont.)

  515, 517, 518-19, 546, 561, 619, 667, 714, 762, 828, 829, 833, 838, 896, 941, 952, 1022, 1041, 1078; planners and, 899, 944, 950, 956-8; population, 330, 898, 905, 942-3, 945, 947, 957; roads (early), 10, 152-6 passim-, South Shore, 8, 146, 147, 152, 154-6, 157, 159-62, 170, 204, 834-5, 94i; traffic congestion, 515, 516-17, 519, 545, 943-4, 949-51, 955-8; transportation analysis, 956-8; zoning restrictions, 209, 230, 899, 940; see also farmers; Jones Beach State Park; Long Island State Park Commission; Nassau County; Suffolk County; transportation: commuting; and individual parks and highways

  Long Island barons, 10, 148-53, 154-5, 163, 174, 195, 257, 478; RM and, 169, 184-5, 211, 244, 263, 277-8, 279, 301-4, 318, 362, 405, 605, 1022; Northern State Parkway and, 205, 211, 277-8, 279, 299-303, 318, 405; as Republicans, 152, 156, 176, 189, 191, 201, 205, 217, 402-3, 404

  Long Island City, 396

  Long Island Expressway, 6, 517, 698, 918, 925, 940-50, 953; cost of, 947-8; interchanges, 949-50; rapid transit proposed for, 928, 941-2, 944-9; traffic congestion on, 949-50, 956; Triborough funds for, 921, 948

  Long Island Press, 1023, 1161

  Long Island Rail Road, see transportation

  Long Island Sound; 151, 163, 170; "Sound Crossing," 950, 1139, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1147, 1149

  Long Island State Park Commission, 13, 167, 267-8, 826, 951, 953-4, 1080, 1155, 1160; attorneys for, 193-4, 203, 204, 214, 216, 219; condemnation by appropriation, use of, 174, 177, 183, 184, 185-205 passim, 214-15, 243-4, 304, 402, 777; employees of, 319, 817, 821, 831-2; funds for, 202-3, 205, 220, 221, 225, 237, 313, 762; headquarters, 212, 226-29, 266; land acquisition for, 182-220 passim, 234-7, 3H-I2, 1152; RM as president, 171, 173, 177, 181-2, 237, 241, 256, 267, 271, 281, 287, 296, 362, 499, 536, 581, 584, 764,

  808, 1061, 1074-7, 1080; RM's deviousness in creating, 174-7, 213; and RM's veto power, 710; powers of, 174-5, 185-6, 614, 625; speed in construction for, 212, 226, 231, 237, 238; tolls of, 502, 633-4; yacht (Sea-Ef) of, 270, 276, 457, 458, 602,

  809, 813, 816, 832, 1145, 1155; see also individual projects

  Look, 1094

  xm

  Los Angeles, 940 Low, Seth, 61, 327, 336 Lower Manhattan Expressway, 1 769-70, 896, 925, 1070, 1095,

  1152

  Lowman, Seymour, 109

  Luce, Henry, 1090

  Luchese, Thomas, 786

  Lundberg, Ferdinand, 1067 n.

  Lundy, Jim, 744

  Lutsky, Jacob, 463, 507, 706, 707, 728,

  752, 764, 775, 799, 800-1, 848, 1015,

  1070, 1149 Lutz, Henry, 213, 250, 252, 253-4, 255,

  305, 317, 319 Lyons, James J., 727, 744, 749, 766, 771,

  794, 928, 1037; and Cross-Bronx

  Expressway, 863, 865-6, 867-8, 872,

  873, 875, 876, 877, 891 Lyons, Leonard, 1034

  M

  Macaulay, Thomas, 52, 53

  MacDonald, Alexander, 250

  Machold, H. Edmund, 403

  Mackay, Clarence H., 149, 163, 184-5

  Mackay Construction Company, 738

  Macombs Dam Park, 373

  MacTavish, Henry J., 1105

  Macy, W. Kingsland, 154; RM and, 217, 274 n., 406, 469, 777, 831-2, 1069; as politician, 188, 217, 404-5, 407; progressive policies of, 404, 409; and Taylor Estate fight, 184, 186-7, 188-91, 194, 197, 202, 203, 211, 213-14, 215-16, 219, 243, 312, 398, 404

  Macy & Company, R. H., 741-2

  Madigan, Jack (Michael J.), 447, 449, 453, 459, 5i8, 529-30, 532, 536-40 passim, 548, 550-2, 561-2, 608, 617, 618-19, 623, 641, 692, 730, 734, 812, 1032, 1084, 1086, 1088, 1103

  Madigan-Hyland, Inc., 536, 537, 770, 863, 911

  Madison, James, 649

  Madison House, 30-3, 49, 67, 72, 92, 214, 242

  Madison Square Garden, 264-5, 35 8 , 420-1

  Magoon, Herbert, 224, 365

  Major Deegan Expressway, 6, 564, 841 and n., 842, 846, 885, 896, 918, 924,

  989

  Maloney, Jim, 264

  Maltbie, Milo, 316

  Mand, George F., 306

  Manhattan, 6-7, 61, 508, 549, 556; barring cars from, proposed, 902, 916; borough president of, 743; Lower, 645-53, 672, 696; Lowei East Side, 143, 330, 337, 338, 374, 375, 490, 851, 854, 856, 889, 1026-7; mass transit

  xiv

  Manhattan (cont.)

  needs of, 931; roads of, 915-16; traffic congestion in, 329-30, 342, 547, 659, 661, 742, 784-5, 912-17, 923, 929, 944; Triborough Bridge to, 387, 390, 393; West Side, 962-5, 957, 985, 1013;
see also Harlem

  Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, 1135, 1136

  Manhattan Square Park, 373

  Manhattantown project, 1008, 1040; condemnations for, 962; corruption in, 1010-13, 1014, 1017, 1022; and neighborhood decay, 964-5, 975; profiteering in, 980-1, 1006, 1010-13; rents, 972, 981; Senate investigation into, 979-82; tax delinquencies, 1009-10; tenant eviction and relocation for, 962-3, 965, 970-6, 978, 983, 986

  Manufacturers Hanover Trust, 734

  Marchi, John J., 1157

  Marconnier, Emily Sims, 602, 603, 1150

  Marine Midland Bank, 734

  Marine Parks, 363, 370, 476, 481, 619

  Marine Parkway Authority; RM's control of, 362, 616; revenues of, 634; self-liquidation, 617

  Marine Parkway Bridge, 6, 360, 500, 508, 517, 698

  Markel, Lester, 603, 909, 1097

  Masefield, John, 553, 564

  Massachusetts, 290, 293

  Massapequa, 158

  Massena project, 8, 9, 13, 709, 825, 1041, 1078, 1080

  mass transportation, see transportation

  Master Plan, see New York City

  Mastick, Seabury C, 200, 201-2

  Maury, Reuben, 1075

  Mayor's Emergency Commission on Housing, 764, 983

  Mayor's Slum Clearance Committee, see housing: Title I

  McAdoo, William G., 322

  McAneny, George, 62-3, 132, 435, 567, 655, 656, 1084; opposition to RM, 654, 664, 666-7, 668, 676, 680-1, 683-6, 766, 782, 966

  McCarren Park, 373, 566

  McCarthy, Fishhooks, 1082, 1084

  McCarthy, John, 778

  McCarthyism, 15, 472, 1032-3

  McCooey, John, 187, 357

  McCullough, Robert G., 867, 873-4, 977

  McGahen, Rufus E., 348

  McGeehan, W. O., 264

  McGinley, Laurence J., 1013, 1015

  McGinnies, Joseph A., 192

  McGoldrick, Joseph D., 328, 348, 359, 411, 416, 420, 422, 470, 477, 573, 586, 613, 614, 795; opposition to RM, 507, 520, 546, 547, 548, 641-4, 668, 670, 782

  McGuiness, Pete, 566 McHugh, F. Dodd, 904-8, 910-11, 954 Mclntyre, Col. Marvin H., 437 McKee, Joseph V., 356, 359 McKeon, William H., 1079 McLaughlin, George V., 137, 322, 362,

  391, 693, 720 n., 741, 764, 1032, 1160 McMorran, J. Burch, 710, 1070 McMurray, Joseph P., 803 McNulty, Raymond P., 44, 182, 187,

  226, 228, 229, 407, 503 McWhinney, Dolie, 229 McWhinney, Thomas, 209, 210, 217, 229,

  3ii Meadowbrook Parkway, 8, 209, 218,

  485, 896 media, 991, 1076, 1102; see also press Melville, Herman, 647 Mencken, H. L., 937 mental hospitals, 261, 265, 274 Menzies, Sir Robert, 817 Merz, Charles, 457-8, 1095 Metropolitan Life Insurance

  Company, 774 Metropolitan Park Conference, 340-5,

  494, 1083 Metropolitan Rapid Transit Commission,

  946, 948-9 Metropolitan Transportation Authority

  (MTA), 1135-44, 1146; bond issue

  for, 1135-9; RM and, 1136-44,

  1148-9; Ronan as chairman, 1141,

  1145-9 passim, H53, 1158 Meyer, Charles G., 694, 720 n., 764, 771 Meyers, Gen. Harry L., 606, 810, 835 Mid-Harlem project, 1043-4 Mid-Manhattan Expressway, proposed,

  769-70, 783-5, 794, 896, 918, 922,

  925, 1095, 1152 Miller, Nathan L., hi, 133-4, 138-9,

  157

  Mills, Darius Ogden, 149, 403

  Mills, Ogden Livingston, 108, 149, 210, 257, 262, 278, 279, 299, 403

  Millstein, Seymour, 1012

  Mitchel, John Purroy, 4, 20, 62, 64, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 80-1, 82-3, 84, 86, 87, 94, 132, 139, 327, 336, 347, 350, 353, 357, 363, 630, 654

  Mitchell-Lama housing project, 802, 890, 891

  Mockridge, Norton, 1005-6, 1008, 1050

  Moley, Raymond, 87, 295, 847

  Monaghan, George P., 1090

  money, power of, 17-19, 220, 610, 618, 621, 623, 631, 695, 722, 749, 751, 753-4, 768, 771-5, 783, 794, 920, 1056, 1061, 1078; see also banks; corruption and honest graft; public authorities

  Montauk Point, 169, 170, 186, 205

  Montauk Point State Park, 8, 182, 220, 238, 314

  Moore, Frank C, 761

  Moore, George, 1105-6, 1107 Moran, Eugene F., 741, 922 Moran, James F., 755-6, 786-7 Moreland Commissioner, RM as, 413,

  585 Morgan, E. D., 149, 163, 184-5, 299 Morgan, J. P., 148-9 Morgan Guaranty Trust, 734 Morgenthau, Henry, 306 Morningside Corporation, 965 and n. Morningside Park, 337, 493 Morris, Newbold, 348, 435, 614, 682, 700,

  778-9, 811-12, 1079; RM and, 643-4,

  670, 1064-5 and n. as Park

  Commissioner, 1064-5 Morton, W. H., 1112 Moscow, Warren, 403, 706-7, 724, 725-6,

  729, 764, 788, 790, 795, 798, 799-805

  passim, 870, 1030, 1034, 1035, 1036,

  1038 Moses, Barbara (daughter), 77, 159, 228,

  229, 411, 581, 583 *., 584, 591, 601,

  604, 807, 1160 Moses, Edna Marion (sister), 29, 35, 36,

  576, 582 and n., 589, 591, 598-600 Moses, Emanuel (father), 28-9, 32, 33,

  35-6, 45, 51, 68, 72, 77, 104, 214, 579,

  580, 581, 600-1

  Moses, Mrs. Emanuel (Bella Cohen, mother), 25, 26, 28-38, 45, 48, 51, 55, 63, 65, 68, 278, 411 and n., 598; arrogance, 29, 32, 33, 37, 242, 499,

  577, 830-1; and Madison House, 30-3, 49, 67, 72, 242, 585; and Paul Moses, 35, 37, 579-8o, 582-3 and n., 584, 596; and RM, 36-7, 220, 223, 241-2, 319,

  578, 579, 580, 584, 600-1; subsidized RM, 77, 87, 104, 108, 133, 214, 233, 263, 581, 584, 585, 600, 909; will and estate, 576, 582-3 and n., 584, 585-6, 589-93, 598

  Moses, Jane (daughter), 87, 159, 228, 229, 411, 581, 583 n., 584, 591, 601, 604, 807, 1059-60, 1115, 1160-1

  Moses, Paul Emanuel (brother), 133, 576-600, 1146; appearance and character, 35-6, 577-80, 589, 595 n. brilliance, 36, 577-8, 587; desire for public service, 580, 581, 586-8; as engineer, 578, 580, 586-8, 595; family and background, 29, 33-7 passim, 583-4, 591-3; financial problems, 16,

  581, 583, 587-98, 812; and RM, hatred of, 576, 589, 591, 593-4, 597, 598; RM's treatment of, 581, 584, 586-7, 591-3, 594-5, 596, 597-8; and mother, 35, 37, 579-80, 582-3 and n., 584, 596; swimming pool, 581, 582, 583, 587, 588-9, 590, 594

  Moses, Robert, character and philosophy of: appearance, 35-6, 50, 55, 130, 229, 268-9, 419, 453, 477, 577, 602, 1150; arrogance, 3-4, 37, 5'-5i 68 , 78,

  xv

  79-8o, 116, 141, 241-2, 258, 287, 316 348, 424-5, 477. 485, 499, 573, 577, ' 581, 632, 775, 817-18, 827, 830-5, 848-9, 866, 909, 994, 1022-3, 1039, 1064, 1069, 1071, 1075, 1093, 1102, 1114, 1148, 1153, 1161; brilliance,'1, 36, 39, 44, 48, 231, 306, 348-9, 424, 475, 484-5, 495, 577-8, 688, 776, 777, 1136, 1145, 1150-1, 1154, 1159; bullying, 475, 501-2, 688, 994; charm, 182-3, 348, 378, 424, 442, 474, 577, 623, 656, 735, 776, 875, 923, 1016, 1039, 1052, 1105; criticism rejected by, 242, 253, 255, 271, 275, 316, 318, 408, 412, 425, 453, 459, 460, 477, 484, 494, 546, 547, 582, 737, 1001, 1051, 1096, 1104, 1157-8; deafness, 835-6, 1072-3, 1119, 1150, 1159; deviousness, 173-7, 182, 213, 219, 220; divorced from reality, 834-6, 908-10, 953; end justifying means, 218-20, 423, 569, 570, 607, 656, 671, 716, 764, 832, 849; energy, 103, 266, 485, 604, 909, 1041, 1145; family and background, 25-37, 499, 576-601 passim; family life, 77, 87, 104, 228, 229, 266, 270, 485, 584, 585, 601-6 passim, 807-8, 810, 1059-60, 1114-16; files on N.Y.C. officials, 14-15, 468-75, 500-1, 643, 666-7, 726; finances, 77, 87, 104, 108, 133, 214, 233, 263, 576, 581, 582, 584-6, 589-93, 600, 604, 632, 812, 909, 1060-1, 1108, 1114, 1115; friends, 45, 46-7, 49, 64, 182, 419, 457; friends, alienation of, 408, 416-18, 425, 435; as gubernatorial candidate, 402-425; honors, 567-8, 57I, 656, 1012, 1063-4, 1156; hospitality, 14, 623, 807-8, 814-28, 845-6, 920, 998, 1089, 1143; idealism, 1, 4-5, 40-2, 45-6, 51, 52-3, 60, 100, 102, 132-4, 172, 220, 241, 577, 578, 1022; illnesses, 382, 1034; image, projected, 16-17, 133, 188, 264-5, 349, 406, 433, 462, 567, 569-71, 584-5, 632-3, 636, 688, 701, 708, 716, 747, 765, 776-7, 778-9, 789, 863, 864, 979, 983, 992, 996, 999, 1003, 1006-7, 1014, 1016, 1017-18, 1023, 1038-9, 1041, 1042, 1044-55 passi
m, 1060, 1062, 1077, 1087, 1091-1101 passim, 1108, 1112, 1114, 1158; imagination, 3, 5, 230-1, 242, 366-7, 384, 389, 392-3, 485, 489, 58i, 776, 833, 1068, 1092, 1133, 1151, 1161; imperial style, 14, 812-28, 833; lavish spending, 17, 182, 196, 198, 1088-9, 1103; liberals' opposition to, 741, 759-761, 765, 767, 794, 803; opposition to, 14, 257-8, 262, 316. 425, 459, 492, 499-507, 509, 546, 608-10, 622, 667, 680, 728, 739, 742-3, 749, 927-8, 986-8, 1063, mo, 1114-15. IIJ 7; as political boss, 17-19, 727-9, 748, 753, 927, 934, ion, 1047, 1055-6, 1124;

  xvi

  Moses, Robert (cont.)

  as practical politician, 98-100, 109-10, 133-5, 136, 138-9, 208, 217-19, 349, 466, 580, 655, 701; prejudice against poor and nonwhites, 242, 318-319, 489-90, 512, 513-14, 533, 557-60, 578, 579, 610, 687, 736, 758-60, 767, 777, 834, 909, 968, 1086 n., 1101; as proposed mayoral candidate, 347-50, 352, 355, 356, 402, 630; resignation threats, 3-4, 43, 313, 316, 319, 369, 427, 447-8, 462, 751, 768, 801, 806, 866, 870, 1011, 1053, 1058, 1069, 1074-9; self-glorification, 21, 255, 641, 829, 909-10, 1019, 1062; smear technique used by, 14-15, 471-4, 502, 547, 623, 666, 669, 688, 691-2, 695, 992, 1001; as swimmer, 1, 103-4, 230, 252, 456, 512, 604, 807, 811, 813, 823, 1072, 1145; temper, 3, 102, 227, 268, 269, 305, 317-18, 409, 417, 452, 552, 569, 598, 613, 644, 659, 674, 675, 683, 783, 800, 810, 833, 1052-3, 1074, iioo-i, 1103, 1133, 1154, 1162; vengefulness and vindictiveness, 14-15, 397-8, 401, 416-18, 425, 435, 469, 500-7, 667, 678-88, 696-7, 739, 749, 1026; work habits, 74, 101-2, 226-9, 266, 485-6, 601, 807-12, 835, 1041, 1072; writing of, 698, 811-12, 909 and n., 987, 1030, 1150, 1154, 1157, 1158

  Moses, Mrs. Robert (Mary Sims): illness, 1060, 1115; in social life, 229, 408, 602, 603-5, 823; as wife, 77, 87, 103-4, no, 157, 159, 160, 228, 234, 266, 341, 382, 460, 571, 581, 591, 601-6, 807, 810, 811, 999, 1000, 1054, 1114-16

  Moses, Mrs. Robert (Mary Grady), 1103, 1115, 1116, 1143, 1154, 1158

  Moses Men, 14, 602-3, 752, 1160; advancement of, 273, 465; feelings toward RM of, 269, 271, 273, 1146-7, 1155, 1156; in government posts, 709, 722, 725, 729, 763-4, 775, 791, 797, 802, 803, 804; inspired by RM, 102, 228-9, 230-1, 273, 372, 384, 485; loyalty of, 271, 621, 729, 797, 1042, 1160; loyalty of RM to, 273, 1030; RM's demands and expectations of, 74, 101-3, 226-9, 230-1, 267-8, 269, 270-3, 365, 621; RM's gift for choosing, 14, 270-1, 484, 621; RM's treatment of, 102, 227, 268, 269, 810, 1103, 1104; outings with, 229-30; secretly on RM's payroll, 709, 722; stable planning force, 453-4, 464, 621-2; rewards of, 273, 621, 729; and tenant relocation, 879; training of, 272; and World's Fair, 1060, 1091; as "yes" men, 484, 501, 582, 605, 608, 814, 815-16, 827, 832, 833, 836, 908, 1041, 1104, 1126;