Anonymous Soldiers
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44. Rymer-Jones Papers, 147; Trevor (1948), 312, 324, 334; Gitlin (1974), 14–15.
45. Gurion (1950), 120; Gitlin (1974), 104.
46. Trevor (1948), 334–35; CM (12) 47, Jan. 27, 1947, NA, CAB 129/9.
47. Lyrics and translation at http://www.stateofisrael.com/anthem/.
48. Annex 2 in app. C to First Parachute Brigade, Historical Report for Quarter Ending June 30, 1947, Report by Liaison Officer on Executions at Acre Gaol, April 15/16, 1947, NA, WO 261/697; Times and Palestine Post, April 17, 1947; Bell (1977), 197–98; Bethell (1979), 305–6; Gitlin (1974), 110; Gurion (1950), 128; Niv (1975), 5:125.
49. Bethell (1979), 306; Bell (1977), 196–98; Gitlin (1974), 109–10; Palestine Post, April 17, 1947; Gurion (1950), 126–28.
50. Times, April 17 and 18, 1947; Palestine Post, April 17, 1947; Begin (1977a), 268; Rymer-Jones Papers, 147; Debates, House of Commons, vol. 441, col. 266w (Creech Jones), Aug. 13, 1947; Gurion (1950), 128.
51. “We Demand P-O-W Status” (1947), K-4 3/15, JI; HQ First Infantry Division, Internal Security Instruction 5, April 14, 1947, NA, WO 261/180; Third Parachute Brigade Operational Order 37, April 18, 1947, NA, WO 275/23; extract from Gray to Gale, confidential note, April 14, 1947, NA, WO 261/180; Tim Jones (2005), 81–82; O’Sullivan, Annual Report for J2 Section, 1947.
52. Shiloni, “Machteret Ha-Ktifa Ha-Dimion v’Ha-Shoni ben Ha-Shaidim Ha-Palestinaim v’Oley Ha-Gardom.”
53. Niv (1975), 5:48–49, 128, 130–31; Palestine Post, March 18, 1947; Golan (2003), 276; Yossi Katz (2010), 93; “Meir Feinstein,” http://www.etzel.org.il/english/people/feinstein.htm.
54. Statement of the Accused Moshe Barazani, p/47/85, March 15, 1947, Brebber Papers, 3/1; Palestine Post, March 18, 1947; Niv (1975), 5:131–32; Golan (2003), 275; Yossi Katz (2010), 92.
55. Begin (1977a), 273–74; Bell (1977), 196, 199–200; Gurion (1950), 115–19, 132–34; Museum of the Underground Prisoners—Jerusalem; Niv (1975), 5:129–30; Trevor (1948), 337.
56. Gurion (1950), 13; O’Sullivan, Annual Report for J2 Section, 1947; “Obituary,” Palestine Police Magazine, June 1947, 6, Cannings Papers; Barker to Antonius, April 26, 1947; Brutton (1996), 92.
57. Bethell (1979), 307; Dempsey to Montgomery, telegram, Jan. 18, 1947, NA, CO 537/3870; Weizman (1979), 9, 39–41.
58. Weizman (1979), 41; Bethell (1979), 307; Postal packet containing bomb sent to General Sir Evelyn Barker (n.d.), NA, EF 5/12; John Place to Inspector, Surrey Constabulary, letter, May 18, 1948, NA, EF 5/12; H. E. Watts, report, June 10, 1948, NA, EF 5/12; Barker to Antonius, June 8, 1947, P/867, ISA; Daily Telegraph, May 13, 1948.
59. Thistlewaite to Sir Percy Sillitoe (director general, MI5), letter, Dec. 6, 1946, NA, KV 5/38; Rymer-Jones to Cunningham, letter, Dec. 13, 1946, Cunningham Papers, VI/4; Robertson to E. W. Jones, Special Branch, Dec. 5, 1946, NA, KV 2/2251; extract from report forwarded by SIS, Jan. 2, 1947, NA, KV 2/2251; anonymous letter to H. J. Seager, MI5, Feb. 13, 1947, NA, KV 2/2251; Seager to MI6, letter, Feb. 18, 1947, NA, KV 2/2251; Jewish Extremist and Terrorist Activities, Meeting of Police Officers and ALOs, Jan. 7, 1947, NA, KV 3/41; suggested introductory speech by director general (n.d.), NA, KV 3/41; Burt (1959), 126; DSO, Palestine, to Robertson, telegram, Nov. 29, 1946, NA, KV2/2251; Robertson to Jones, letter, Dec. 5, 1946, NA, KV2/2251; extract by SIS (MI6), Jan. 20, 1947, NA, KV 2/2375.
60. Rymer-Jones to Cunningham, letter, Dec. 13, 1946; Yaacov Eliav (1984), 246; Andrew (2009), 357–58; Walton (2013), 97.
61. Palestine Police Force, Entry for Yacov Levstein in Jewish Terrorist Index, June 30, 1947, O’Sullivan Papers; Yaacov Eliav (1984), 17–18, 34–38, 61–74, 95–100, 103–5, 114–18, 123–27, 151–58, 160–65, 189–97, 230–34
62. Yaacov Eliav (1984), 240–42; Cesarani (2009), 85; Walton (2013), 97–98.
63. Yaacov Eliav (1984), 243–46; Cesarani (2009), 85–86.
64. Yaacov Eliav (1984), 86, 235–36, 246; Foreign Office to Washington, Paris, Rome, Brussels, The Hague, Belgrade, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw, Bucharest, Sofia, Athens, telegram, April 16, 1947, NA, CO 537/2295 75156/165; Duff Cooper to Bevin, telegram, April 17, 1947, NA, CO 537/2295 75156/165; Cesarani (2009), 84–85; Walton (2013), 98; L’Indépendance: Organe des Combattants pour la Liberté d’Israël, Jan. 1947, NA, FO 371/61751 E633/32/31.
65. Sûreté Nationale Police, report (n.d.), NA, EF 5/12; Times and Daily Telegraph, April 17, 1947; Andrew (2009), 357; Burt (1959), 126–27; Cesarani (2009), 86–87; Yaacov Eliav (1984), 242–43; Walton (2013), ix–xx, 98–99.
66. Translation of Stern Gang Pamphlet, April 24, 1947, NA, WO 275/109.
67. Letter Bombs, June 16 and 17, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; MacMichael, Kent County Constabulary Report witness statement, June 4, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; R. H. White, Kent County Constabulary Report, June 5, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; S. H. C. Burley to H. E. Watts, letter, June 12, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; H. A. Mayes to HM Inspector of Explosives, letter, June 13, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; Dr. Watts, statement, June 24, 1947, NA, EF 5/12; Sixth Airborne Division, Fortnightly Newsletter 44, June 20, 1947, NA, WO 275/64; First Armoured Division, Intelligence Summary 2, July 2, 1947, NA, WO 261/650; Third Parachute Brigade, Intelligence Summary 2, Aug. 20, 1947, NA, WO 261/707; Rymer-Jones Papers, 151; Andrew (2009), 357–59; Yaacov Eliav (1984), 246–60; Walton (2013), 98–99; Sunday Guardian, Nov. 21, 1948; Burt (1959), 127–28; Daily Express, Aug. 25, 1948.
68. O’Sullivan, Annual Report for J2 Section, 1947; Anderson (1947–48), 203; Captain J. K. Linklater, 317 Sixth Airborne Field Security Report on the Attack on Acre Gaol, May 5, 1947, 115/77, HA; First Armored Division, Intelligence Summary 1, app. E, June 15, 1947, NA, WO 261/650; Wilson (1949), 123–24; Sixth Airborne Division, Intelligence Summary 42, May 14, 1947, NA, WO 275/60; Gitlin (1974), 79; Michael J. Cohen (1982), 242.
69. Palestine Post, May 5, 1947; Brundage (1962), 183–84; Holt (1966), 129.
70. Palestine Post, May 5, 1947; Bell (1977), 204–6, 211; Fergusson (1970), 216–17; García-Granados (1948), 163; Gitlin (1974), 24, 70; Edward Horne (1982), 383; Wilson (1949), 123.
71. Bell (1977), 116, 196, 204–9; Gitlin (1974), 56–65; Niv (1975), 5:135–37; Wilson (1949), 124.
72. Linklater, 317 Sixth Airborne Field Security Report, May 5, 1947; Bell (1977), 208–11; Niv (1975), 5:137, 142–43; Gitlin (1974), 77, 125.
73. Linklater, 317 Sixth Airborne Field Security Report, May 5, 1947; Bell (1977), 208–12; Niv (1975), 5:137–38.
74. Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegrams, May 4, 5, and 6, 1947, Cunningham Papers, II/1; Linklater, 317 Sixth Airborne Field Security Report, May 5, 1947; Bell (1977), 208–12; Niv (1975), 5:137–38; Wilson (1949), 123–27.
75. Begin (1977a), 94; Michael J. Cohen (1982), 242.
76. Palestine Post, May 6, 1947; Hecht (1954), 615–17; Fortnightly Intelligence Newsletter, 42, May 10–23, 1947, NA, WO 275/64.
77. Hecht (1954), 617; Zaar (1954), 240–41; Inverchapel to Bevin, letter, Jan. 6, 1947; Inverchapel to Byrnes, letter, Jan. 8, 1947; British Embassy, Washington, D.C., to Eastern Department, letter, April 10, 1947, NA, FO 371/61799 E2494/46/31; M. S. Beith, minute, May 19, 1947, NA, FO 371/61807 E4105/48/31; Montgomery, “Palestine—Feb. 3–June 21, 1947”; Debates, House of Commons, vol. 437, col. 1981 (Major Bruce), May 19, 1947; Louis (1984), 466; Zaar (1954), 241–43.
78. Louis (1984), 466.
79. Manchester Guardian and Palestine Post, April 30, 1947; Zaar (1954), 241–43; Fortnightly Intelligence Newsletter, 42.
80. Begin (1977a), 521; MacMillan, “Palestine: Narrative of Events.”
CHAPTER 18: BURIED QUIETLY IN THE NIGHT
1. Louis (1984), 467; MacMillan, app. D: “Appreciation by GOC, Palestine on August 5, 1947,” in “Palestine: Narrative of Events”; Hurewitz (1976), 290.
2. Gray to O’Sullivan, letter, May 14, 1947, O’Sullivan Papers; Michael J. Cohen (1982), 250.
3. Fergusson (1970), 204; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim”; Tim Jones (2001), 32; HQ Haifa, Redistribution of Intelligence Duties, Nov. 22, 1947, NA,
WO 261/620.
4. D’Arcy to Barker, letter, May 31, 1946, D’Arcy Papers; Debates, House of Lords, vol. 147, col. 63 (Lord Altrincham), April 23, 1947; Gale (1968), 169; Fergusson (1970), 216–17; Wilson (1949), 124; Isham to Shaw, letter, Jan. 15, 1972, Isham Papers, I.184.
5. Clarke, minute, Nov. 1, 1946, NA, CO 537/1699 75015/59; note of Sir George Gater’s discussions with Colonel Gray on Nov. 13, 1946, NA, CO 537/1699 75015/59; Cesarani (2009), 30; Sinclair (2006a), 114.
6. Times, Nov. 29, 1980; Dear (1995), 233–34; Fergusson (1970), 9–142, 143–98; Cesarani (2009), 30–32; Sykes (1959), 367, 433, 441; Tim Jones (2005), 75; Royle (1995), 252, 315; Fergusson (2009), 1–256; Fergusson (1946), 1–288.
7. Fergusson (1970), 198–200; The Palestine Police Force Annual Administrative Report, 1946, O’Sullivan Papers; Cesarani (2009), 32–33.
8. Fergusson (1970), 200–201; Charters (1979), 57; Edward Horne (1982), 564; Times, Nov. 29, 1980.
9. Secondment of Army Officers to Palestine Police, Fergusson, memorandum, Feb. 12, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Fergusson (1970), 200–204; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim.”
10. Fergusson (1970), 210.
11. Fergusson, memorandum, Feb. 12, 1947; Rymer-Jones Papers, 151; Cesarani (2009), 59–60; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, Nov. 23, 1947, NA, CAB 127/280; Montgomery to Creech Jones, minute, March 21, 1947, BLM 180/5, Montgomery Papers.
12. Edward Horne (1982), 558; Fergusson (1970), 210.
13. Edward Horne (1982), 564–65; Fergusson, memorandum, Feb. 12, 1947.
14. Fergusson (1970), 210–11; Clark, minute, Feb. 12, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Martin to Lloyd, minute, Feb. 13, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Lloyd to Sir Eric Speed, letter, Feb. 13, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Tim Jones (2001), 35; Tim Jones (2005), 76; Fergusson, memorandum, Feb. 12, 1947.
15. Clark, minute, Feb. 12, 1947; J. M. Martin, minute, Feb. 13, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Martin to Sir T. Lloyd, note, Feb. 13, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Lloyd to Speed, letter, Feb. 13, 1947; Speed to Lloyd, letter, March 6, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Lloyd to Speed, letter, March 11, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Fergusson (1970), 225; Bethell (1979), 302; Cesarani (2009), 80–82, 87–88; Twiston Davies (2006), 411; Foot (1966), 405; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim”; Dina Kraft, “British War Hero to Be Investigated Again for Murder of Jewish ‘Terrorist,’ ” Daily Telegraph, March 28, 2009; Tim Jones (2001), 28, 30, 33–34, 36; Farran (1950), 345–47; Edward Horne (1982), 564–65; Sinclair (2006a), 114; O’Sullivan Diary, March 8, 1947, 72, O’Sullivan Papers.
16. Farran (1950), 348; Fergusson (1970), 225–26; Cesarani (2009), 88–89; Charters (1979), 58; Tim Jones (2005), 80.
17. Farran (1950), 348; Fergusson (1970), 226; Tim Jones (2005), 81.
18. Kitson (1971), 165; Cesarani (2009), 217; Foot (1966), 405.
19. Rymer-Jones Papers, 151; Charters (1979), 58.
20. Farran (1950), 349–50.
21. Fergusson (1970), 226; Cesarani (2009), 89.
22. Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim”; H. E. Burley, Home Office, to H. J. Seager, MI5, letter, Dec. 31, 1946, NA, KV 5/31; Seager to Burley, Jan. 6, 1947; Cesarani (2009), 2–4.
23. K. P. Hadingham, Superintendent of Police, Jerusalem District, Report on the Alleged Abduction and Murder of Alexander Rubovitz [sic], and Subsequent Police Investigation, June 19, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Goldie Meyerson to Cunningham, letter, June 23, 1947, S 25/6200, CZA; Political Department, Jewish Agency, The Alexander Rubowitz Case (internal memorandum) (n.d.), S 25/6200, CZA; internal memorandum 14662/47, Oct. 17, 1947, S 25/6200, CZA; Gurney to Creech Jones, telegram, June 25, 1947, Cunningham Papers, II/2; Palestine Post, May 22, 1947; Avner (1959), 21; Brutton (1996), 82; Cesarani (2009), 1–6, 96–98; Charters (1979), 56, 59; Farran (1950), 10, 356–76; Fergusson (2009), 225–38; Koestler (1949), 148–49; Kraft, “British War Hero”; Mitchell (1969), 61–62; Niv (1975), 5:149.
24. Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Palestine Post, May 22, 1947; Cesarani (2009), 6–7; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim.”
25. Palestine Post, May 22, 1947; “X” to Mrs. Rubowitz, letter, May 23, 1947, S 25/6200, CZA.
26. Meyerson to Cunningham, letter, June 23, 1947; Political Department, Jewish Agency, Rubowitz Case; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, July 9, 1947, NA, FCO 141/14284.
27. Edward Horne (1982), 170; Seniority List—British Superior Police Officers (n.d.), O’Sullivan Papers; Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction.
28. Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim.”
29. “Notes for Interrogating Officers” (n.d.), O’Sullivan Papers.
30. Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 13, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 25, 1947, Cunningham Papers, II/1; Cesarani (2009), 96–97; Kraft, “British War Hero.”
31. Creech Jones to Cunningham, telegram, June 19, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 20, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 24, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Farran (1950), 351; Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Cesarani (2009), 98–99.
32. Gray to Gurney, letter, June 24, 1947.
33. O’Sullivan Diary, June 3, 1947, 76–77, June 11, 1947, 77; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim”; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 24, 1947.
34. Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 24, 1947.
35. Edward Horne (1982), 474, 556; Goodman, “Acharei 57 Shanaim”; Cesarani (2009), 100–101.
36. Cesarani (2009), 100–101; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 24, 1947; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 19, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Farran (1950), 352.
37. Farran (1950), 351–60.
38. Ibid., 354–55; Fergusson (1970), 228–29.
39. Fergusson (1970), 229–32; Golani (2009), 21.
40. Damascus to Foreign Office, telegrams, June 9 and 10, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Farran (1950), 361–67; Fergusson (1970), 232–36.
41. Damascus to Foreign Office, telegrams, June 9, 10, and 12, 1947; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 26, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Hadingham, Report on the Alleged Abduction; Fergusson (1970), 236; Farran (1950), 367; “Palestine Officers,” Reuters, June 14, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; C. A. P. Dundas (Damascus) to Cunningham, letter, June 17, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302.
42. Dundas to Cunningham, letter, June 17, 1947; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 19, 1947; Summary of Evidence of Court of Inquiry into Escape of Major Roy Farran, June 23, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, Aug. 14, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Y. Ben-Zvi (president, Vaad Leumi) to Gurney, letter, July 22, 1947, S 25/6200, CZA; Political Department, Jewish Agency, Rubowitz Case; Daily Telegraph and Palestine Post, June 20, 1947.
43. Meyerson to Cunningham, letter, June 23, 1947; Political Department, Jewish Agency, Rubowitz Case; Gurney to Creech Jones, telegram, June 25, 1947; O’Sullivan Diary, June 18, 1947, 77; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, June 19, 1947; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, July 1, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 20, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Palestine Post, Oct. 2, 1947; Edward Horne (1982), 170, 190, 550; Niv (1975), 5:149.
44. Summary of Evidence of Court of Inquiry into Escape of Major Roy Farran; Farran (1950), 367; Creech Jones to Cunningham, telegram, June 18, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; various press cuttings, June 13–20, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; New York Herald Tribune, June 13, 1947.
45. Political Department, Jewish Agency, Rubowitz Case; Attlee to Creech Jones, note, June 19, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegrams, June 19 and 26, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Palestine Post, June 24, 1947.
46. Creech Jones to Cunningham, telegrams, June 19 and 20, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302.
47. Farran (1950), 367–68; Recommendation, Findings, and Summary by Court of Inquiry, June 23, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302.
48. Gray to Gurney, letter, June 20, 1947; Recommendation, Findings, and Summary by Court of Inqu
iry; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegrams, June 20, 25, and 26, 1947; Palestine Post, June 24, 1947.
49. Farran (1950), 368; Palestine Post, June 29, 1947; Wilson (1949), 131.
50. Ben-Zvi to Gurney, letter, July 22, 1947; Palestine Post, July 18, 1947; Cesarani (2009), 146, 155–56.
51. Cesarani (2009), 156; Gray to Gurney, letter, June 20, 1947; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, July 1, 1947.
52. Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegram, July 17, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Gutch to S. J. Baker (Home Office), letter, July 18, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Baker to Gutch, letter, July 18, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, telegrams, July 17, 1, and 23, Aug. 5 and 14, Sept. 13 and 29, and Oct. 1, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Laurence Collins and Fearnley-Whittingstall to Creech Jones, letters, Aug. 5, 7, and 27, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Trafford Smith to Shapcott, letter, Sept. 9, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Shapcott to Trafford Smith, letter, Sept. 12, 1947 NA, CO 537/2302; Damascus to London, telegrams, Sept. 14 and 23, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Gurney to Creech Jones, telegram, Sept. 23, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Mathieson to R. M. Howe (Scotland Yard), letter, Sept. 22, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Howe to Mathieson, letters, Sept. 23 and 29, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Mathieson to Lord Russell (Lord of Session), letter, Sept. 29, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cesarani (2009), 156; Ben-Zvi to Gurney, letter, July 22, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Cunningham to Creech Jones, July 19, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302; Mathieson to Brigadier H. Shapcott (War Office), letter, July 21, 1947, NA, CO 537/2302.
53. Times and Palestine Post, Oct. 2, 1947.
54. O’Sullivan Diary, June 3, 1947, 76–77; “The Farran Case,” Statesman, Oct. 11, 1947, NA, CO 537/2270; Palestine Post, Oct. 2, 1947.
55. Palestine Post, Oct. 3, 1947; Cesarani (2009), 175.
56. Farran (1950), 382; Daily Express and Daily Telegraph, Oct. 31, 1947; New York Times, Feb. 11, 1947.
57. Farran (1950), 351.