by Ian Kershaw
and plans for putsch (November 1939) 540–41, 542–4
and Polish crisis (1939) 483, 502–3, 504
and proposed invasion of Britain 567
takes over from Fritsch as head of army 398, 422
weakness 647, 663–4
and winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–2) 651–2, 655, 662–3
Braun, Eva: at Obersalzberg 325, 378, 709, 800, 804
disposal of body 956–8
H keeps secret xxxvii, 378
and Heinrich Hoffmann 219, 378
her rooms in Reich Chancellery and Führer Bunker 376, 901
as H’s only friend 747
last days in Führer Bunker 922–3, 926, 929, 934, 942, 946
marriage to H 947–8
relationship with H 378, 952
suicide 932, 934, 954, 955
Braun, Gretl (later Fegelein) 491, 922, 942
Braun, Otto 231
Braunau am Inn 1, 2, 7, 411
Braunschweig 223, 226
Braunschweig, Operation 721–6
Bräutigam, Otto 683–4
Bredow, Ferdinand von 312, 314
Breitenbuch, Eberhard von 828
Breker, Arno 561
Bremen 278, 728
Breslau 202, 205, 689, 891, 905, 950
Brest 704, 863, 864
Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918) 152
Brest-Litowsk 623, 626
Brigade Epp 107
Britain: Allied assault on Germany 892
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935) 337–8, 368–9, 486
and the Anschluß 402, 407, 410
appeasement 337, 407, 480
Balkan campaign 608
Battle of Britain 569–70
bombing raids on 570, 708
boycott of German goods 286
Churchill comes to power 553
code-breaking 761
and Czechoslovakia 424, 426–7, 432–3, 439, 442–3, 479–80
D-Day landings 805–6
declares war on Germany (September 1939) 510
declares war on Japan (December 1941) 656–7
Dunkirk evacuation 557–9
First World War 57, 58
and Geneva Disarmament Conference 297–8
German hatred for 562
and German proposals for ending war 897–8, 899, 904
and German rearmament 333–4, 335, 336–8, 350–51
grant of US destroyers 570–71
Heß’s mission to Scotland (May 1941) 610–17
Himmler’s overtures to 860, 899
H’s hostility to 151, 385
Jewish emigration to 463
landing in Italy 769, 771
naval power 471, 564, 733
North African campaign 591, 717–18, 727, 730, 731, 736, 761
obstacle to German expansionism 388, 390
and Poland 481–4, 486–7, 496–7, 500–505
potential alliance with Germany 169, 368–9, 385, 403, 421
proposed invasion of 562–5, 567–71, 592
rejects H’s ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 517, 539–40, 617
rocket attacks on 791–2, 873, 881
Scandinavian campaign 552–3
Soviet Union as continental ally 642, 645
support against Russia 151, 153, 154
and Tripartite Pact (1940) 579–80 see also Royal Air Force; Royal Navy
British Empire 151, 337, 388, 389, 424, 501, 556, 564, 580, 585 as model for H’s ‘New Order’ 629–30, 631, 633
British Expeditionary Force 557, 559, 608
British Secret Service 544–5, 547, 607, 613, 761
Brittany 861–2, 863–5
Brjansk 649
‘Brown House’, Munich 212, 213, 243, 293, 311, 444, 952
Brownshirts 202, 303
Bruckmann, Elsa 115, 116, 176, 187, 220, 376
Bruckmann, Hugo 115, 176, 187, 376
Bruckner, Anton 20, 710
Brückner, Wilhelm 126, 293, 310, 374, 375, 505, 515
Brûly-de-Pesche 559, 560
Brüning, Heinrich: appointed Chancellor 199
banning of SA and SS 228–9
disillusionment with 223
dissolves Reichstag 199–200
emergency decree (1931) 217, 222
H’s loathing for 208–9
rejects coalition 208 resignation 229–30, 251
and SPD 206
Brussels 866, 873
Buchanan Castle, Scotland 612
Bucharest 581
Buchenwald concentration camp 459
Büchner, Bruno 177
Büchner, Frau (Obersalzberg landlady) 116, 177
Budapest 795, 876, 877–8, 889, 890
Bug river 499, 517, 521, 797
Bühler, Josef 697
Bukovina 584, 595, 619
Bulgaria 585, 586, 604, 862, 867
Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM; German Girls’ League) 413
Bund Oberland 120, 124, 134
Bürckel, Josef 413, 578
Burckhardt, Carl 494–5
Burg Werfenstein 28
Burgdorf, Wilhelm 875, 915, 922, 923, 928, 950, 954, 956, 960
Burgundy 540
Burma 580
Busch, Ernst 429, 671, 810–11, 813, 825
Bussche, Axel Freiherr von dem 827–8
Busse, Theodor 914–15, 920, 927, 934, 939–40
Buttmann, Rudolf 164
BVP (Bavarian People’s Party) 133, 290
Cairo 408
Cambrai 59
Canada: Allied assault on Germany 892
D-Day landings 805
Canadian 1st Army 892
Canaris, Wilhelm: heads Abwehr 418, 535, 825
house arrest 825
and H’s Czech policy 418, 433
and July plotters 846
and Nazi atrocities in Poland 520
and opposition to H 542, 544, 825
capitalism: Feder’s ideas on 73
‘Jewish’ 73, 81, 92, 150
turned into adjunct of the state 270 see also anti-capitalism
Caputh 233
car industry 270–72, 633
Carinhall 924
Carlyle, Thomas 909, 918
cartoons 377
Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 754
‘Case Green’ (plan for war with Czechoslovakia) 418, 427–8, 431, 433
‘Case Otto’ (plan for annexation of Austria) 409
‘Case White’ (plan for war with Poland) 483–4, 502
‘Case X’ (plan for war with Russia, Czechoslovakia and Lithuania) 384
‘Case Yellow’ (plan for war in the West) 539, 554, 555
Caspian Sea 722, 725
Catholic Action 315
Catholic Church 282, 290, 295, 315, 332, 355, 373, 381, 463, 533
Catholic Ultramontanism 464
Catholics and Catholicism: apprehensive about H 261
in Bavaria 110, 133, 161, 162, 163, 205
political Catholicism 133, 198, 205, 259, 277, 290, 295
in Saarland 332
and sterilization law 295
Caucasus 590–91, 641, 644, 650, 653, 654, 700, 710, 713, 721–3, 736, 775
Cavalero, Count Ugo 736
celibacy 22
Central Office for Jewish Emigration 464
Centre Party 86
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart 91, 115, 145
Chamberlain, Neville: appointed Prime Minister 402
Birmingham speech (17 March 1939) 479–80, 481, 501
declares war on Germany 510
end of government 553
and German proposals for ending war 898
letter to H (22 August 1939) 500–501, 504
Munich Agreement (1938) 434–46
and Polish crisis (1939) 480, 482, 500–501
potential peace terms (1940) 565
reaction to German invasion of Czechoslovakia 479–80
rejection of ‘peace offer’ (12 October 1939) 517, 539–40
Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDA
P 531–2
‘charismatic authority’ xxviii–xxix, xxxviii
Charleville 558
Chelmno extermination camp 688–9, 693, 715, 965
Chemnitz-Zwickau 205
Cherbourg 806, 807, 808, 809, 864, 866
Chiang Kai-shek 395
China 370–71, 385
Choltitz, Dietrich von 866
Chotin 670
Christian, Gerda 929, 954, 960
Christianity 382, 661, 692, 824
Christie, Malcolm 387
chrome 867
Churches: ‘Church Question’ 661
escalating struggle 328, 355, 372, 381–2, 387, 413
and euthanasia programmes 530, 531, 533
fears of violence 341
internal conflicts 296–7
Nazi attacks on 349, 449
and November pogrom (1938) 463
rights of 282 see also Catholic Church; Protestant Church
Churchill, (Sir) Winston: at Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 754
comes to power 553, 559
destruction of French ships 562
Dunkirk 559
and German invasion of France 560, 562
and Heß affair 611, 617
H’s attacks on 728
and H’s Reichstag speech (6 October 1939) 539
nervous strain 645
and proposed German invasion 564–5
and public opinion 908–9
Scandinavian campaign 553
seen as warmonger 564, 567, 617, 898
and United States’ entry into war 656
witnesses Allied troops cross Rhine 893
at Yalta Conference (1945) 893, 904
Chvalkovsky, Franzišek 468, 477
Ciano, Galeazzo, Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari: and Balkan campaign 603, 604, 607
and German occupation of France 560
and H’s talks with Mussolini 581, 710
and ‘Jewish Question’ 577
and Magda Goebbels 491
and Munich Agreement negotiations (1938) 444
and North African campaign 732, 736
and Polish crisis (1939) 489
visits H (1936) 370
Citadel, Operation 755–6, 762–3, 766–7, 769–70, 771–2, 774–5, 787–9
civil service: Jews dismissed from 288
Claß, Heinrich 61, 153, 193
Clausewitz, Carl von 97
coal 641, 772
Cobra, Operation 861–2
Coburg 109, 193
cocaine 870, 923
code-breaking 761
coffee 650, 713
Cologne 354–5, 718, 892
Colombia 453
colonies 650, 713
Comines 59
Comintern 369 Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) 369, 370–71
‘Commissar Order’ (June 1941) 601–2, 819
‘Committee of Three’ (Dreierausschuß; Keitel, Lammers and Bormann) 750–51, 753
Communism and Communists: in Bavaria 67, 70, 87, 279
H’s call for Germany to reject 268
north German NSDAP sympathies for 168
and Reichstag fire (1933) 274–6
repressed in Prussia 273
in Saar 333
Soviet 67, 150, 178, 599, 670
and Spanish Civil War 364
violence against 302–3, 415 see also anti-Communism;
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
Community Foundation for the Care of Asylums 534
Community Patients’ Transport 534
Compiègne, Forest of 560
concentration and extermination camps 262, 459, 464, 469, 508, 520, 678, 687–9, 697, 715, 775, 943–4 see also Auschwitz-Birkenau; Belzec; Buchenwald; Chelmno; Dachau; Majdanek; Mauthausen; Ravensbrück; Sachsenhausen; Sobibor; Treblinka
‘Confessing Church’ 296
Conti, Leonardo 532–3
coronary sclerosis 640, 782, 869, 871
corruption: in Nazi regime 225, 326–7
Corsica 581, 732, 772
Cossack (destroyer) 552
Cotentin peninsula 805, 806, 808
Cottbus 923, 927
Coulondre, Robert 503
Courland 889, 892
Courland army 923
‘Court of Honour’ 844
Coventry 570
Cracow 520, 574, 575–6, 687
Cramer-Klett, Theodor Freiherr von 161
Cremona 769
Crete 608
Crimea 628, 629, 630, 641, 643, 644, 663, 666, 710, 772, 774, 788, 798
Croatia 607, 677
Croydon airport 434
Crystal Night (9–10 November 1938) 449–50, 454, 457–60, 462–7, 679
cult of violence 106, 237, 272–4, 279–80, 302–3
Cvetkovic, Dragiša 603
Czech army 424, 426, 438, 478
Czechoslovakia: ‘Case Green’ 418, 427–8, 431, 433
deportation of Jews 574, 684, 685, 691
German invasion (1939) 476–80
and German rearmament 336, 384
international isolation 423–4, 470
Lidice massacre (June 1942) 714
national socialist party 100
Nazi atrocities following invasion 518
and proposed German expansion 385–6, 389–91, 414–23, 470, 475
proposed liquidation of 471, 473–6
raw materials 418, 474
Red Army threat to 908
renamed Czecho-Slovakia 474
reprisals following assassination of Heydrich 713–14
Slovak demands for independence 424, 476–7
Sudeten Germans 154, 417, 419, 420, 424, 426, 431, 432–3, 436, 437, 446
Sudetenland crisis (1938) 385, 386–7, 419, 424–47, 474, 493, 816
treaties with France and Soviet Union 423
the ‘Weekend Crisis’ (May 1938) 426–7
Czechs: agitation against Czech workers 36
anti-Czech feeling 40, 419, 473–4
exiles 713
D-Day (6 June 1944) 804–6
Dachau 312 concentration camp 279–80, 312, 459, 547
DAF (Deutsche Arbeitsfront; German Labour Front) 289, 594, 934, 964
Dahlerus, Birger 503–5, 506, 509
Daily Mail 112
Daimler (car manufacturers) 117–18
Dakar 582
Daladier, Éduouard 444, 480, 503–4
Dalmatian islands 862
‘dam-buster’ raids 762
Dannecker, Theo 595–6
Danube river 867, 889, 913
Danzig (Gdansk): Forster declared Head of State 506
German claims to 475, 483, 486, 492, 493–4, 504
German occupation 508–9, 516
German-speaking population 154, 493, 518
H tours (September 1939) 516, 517
Soviet advance on 914
Danzig Question 470–71, 481–2, 486, 493, 507
Danzig-West Prussia Reichsgau 517, 526
DAP see German Workers’ Party
Daranowski, Gerda 478, 515, 625
Dardanelles 585
Darlan, Jean François 732
Darmstadt 914
Darmstädter Bank 222
Darré, R. Walther 232, 324
Davos 455
Dawes, Charles G. 132
Dawes Plan 132, 193
‘Day of National Labour’ 288
‘Day of Potsdam’ 280, 288
DDP (Deutsche Demokratische Partei; German Democratic Party) see Staatspartei
Delp, Alfred 824
democracy: German power élites’ disregard for 198–9, 256, 257
German public’s disillusionment with 196, 257–8
H’s attacks on 119, 192
Weimar Republic 98, 178, 192, 199, 226
Denmark 552–3, 633, 775, 944, 961
Depression 196, 198, 222, 257–8, 261, 530
Dessau 456
‘Destructive Measures on Reich Territory’ (decree of 19 March 1945) 912–13
Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF; German Labour Front) 289, 594, 934, 964
Deutsche Bank 451
Deutsche Volkliste (German Ethnic List) 527
Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP; German People’s Party) 197, 199, 240, 289
Deutsche Werkgemeinschaft 101, 109
Deutsche Zeitung 105
Deutscher Kampfbund (German Combat League) 124, 126–7, 133, 137
Deutscher Tag (‘German Day’): (1922) 109;
(1923) 123–4
Deutscher Volkswille (newspaper) 109
Deutsches Volksblatt (newspaper) 37, 42–3
Deutschland (battleship) 384, 481
Deutschlandflug (‘Germany Flight’) 227, 228, 231, 241
Deutschnationale Front (DNF; German National Front) 289
Deutschsozialistische Partei (DSP; German-Socialist Party) 81, 100–101, 232
Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei (DVFP) 141–2, 165
dialects 650
Dickel, Otto 97, 101–2
Diels, Rudolf 302, 305–6
Dienstelle Ribbentrop (Ribbentrop Bureau) 370
diet 22, 25, 160, 212, 380, 625, 720, 781, 850, 871
Dietrich, Otto 294, 322, 325, 376, 411, 477, 556, 613, 625, 792, 836
Dietrich, Sepp: Ardennes offensive 881, 883
failure in Hungary 928, 943
and H’s leadership style 212, 356, 375
and Munich Soldiers’ Council 70
and the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ 309, 310, 311
retreat 913
transferred to Eastern Front 889
Dingfelder, Johannes 85, 86, 87
Dinter, Artur 144, 164
‘Directive No.6 for the Conduct of War’ 539
‘Directive No.16 for Preparations of a Landing Operation against England’ 563
‘Directive No.17’ (intensifying war against Britain) 569
‘Directive No.18’ (invasion of Greece) 604
‘Directive No.20’ (occupation of Greek mainland) 604
‘Directive No.21’ (war against Soviet Union) 587, 609, 646
‘Directive No.33’ (occupation of Moscow) 637, 638
‘Directive No.34’ (assault on Leningrad and Moscow) 638, 639
‘Directive No.41’ (Operation Blue) 710–11, 721
‘Directive No.45’ (Operation Braunschweig) 721, 722
‘Directive No.51’ (assault on Western Front) 778
Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire 611
Djibouti 581
DNF (Deutschnationale Front; German National Front) 289
Dnieper river 591, 641, 650, 770, 772, 774–5, 788
Dniester (Dnjestr) river 670, 796, 797
DNVP see German National People’s Party
Dobbin 953
dogs 56, 145, 701, 747, 781, 902, 903, 923, 952