Book Read Free

Hitler

Page 136

by Ian Kershaw


  and Bolshevism 66, 91, 146, 148, 150–52, 155, 363, 381, 593, 597–8, 672–3, 899, 907

  boycott of Jewish businesses 285–8, 339–40, 341

  businessmen removed from representative positions 269

  and capitalism 73, 81, 92, 150

  and Christianity 692

  Crystal Night (9–10 November 1938) 449–50, 454, 457–60, 462–7, 679

  development of Nazi genocidal policy 459, 468–9, 524–7, 572–9, 594–8, 618, 668–99, 714–17, 775–7, 802–3, 969

  dismissal of Jewish employees 269, 288

  emigration 453, 462, 463, 464, 468

  exclusion from civil service and professions 287–8, 450, 451

  and First World War 58, 61, 691, 692

  H associates with uncleanliness and disease 38

  H associates war with destruction of Jews 593–4, 692–3

  H links destruction of Jews with acquisition of ‘living space’ 154–5

  Himmler’s ‘ideological struggle’ against 449

  Jewish boycott of German goods 285–6

  ‘Jewish world conspiracy’ 150, 453, 467, 693, 763–4, 885, 899

  linked with prostitution 24, 38, 43

  ‘Madagascar solution’ 453, 576–8, 593, 594, 677

  and Marxism 38, 49, 64, 150–51, 449

  November pogrom (1938) 455–69

  Nuremberg Laws 339, 342, 344–9

  Ostjuden 92

  reaction to H’s appointment as Chancellor 259, 340

  ‘removal of’ 75, 80, 91–2, 149–50, 157–8, 323, 339, 346, 451, 549, 694–5

  ritual murder charge 41, 42

  sexual relations and intermarriage with non-Jews 42, 342–3, 345–6

  and Social Democracy 38, 64

  synagogues destroyed 450–51, 456, 457, 458, 459–60, 465, 523

  terror waves against: (1933) 273, 285, 302–3;

  (1935) 339–41;

  (1938) 383, 415, 449–51, 455–69

  treatment in Austria after Anschluß 415–16, 450 see also antisemitism; ‘Final Solution’; Hitler, Adolf, antisemitism; and under individual countries

  Joachimsen, Paul 93

  Jodl, Alfred: and Allied invasion and advances 805, 807, 813, 862, 863

  anticipates H’s wishes 914

  Ardennes offensive 875, 879, 881, 882

  and Balkan campaign 605

  and battle for Stalingrad 728, 729

  dissuades H from scrapping Geneva convention 905

  and drive for Moscow 640–41, 643

  in Führer Bunker 923, 928–9

  in Führer Headquarters 556, 624–5, 655, 786

  and German surrender 962

  and invasion of Czechoslovakia 391, 425, 427

  and July 1944 assassination attempt 832

  last days of Wehrmacht High Command 937, 940, 942, 946, 953

  loyalty to H 900

  and Mediterranean campaign 592

  and North African campaign 756

  and opening of Eastern Front 566, 567–8, 579, 583, 587

  and Operation Barbarossa 597, 609, 638

  and Operation Citadel 766

  and proposals to end war 897

  and restructuring of Wehrmacht 398, 422

  and summer offensive (1942) 724–6

  at talks with Mussolini (May 1942) 710

  trial and execution 964

  and winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–2) 662

  Johannmeier, Willi 952

  July assassination plot (1944) 816–18, 828–53, 865, 875

  Jung, Edgar 312

  Junge, Traudl 926, 929, 948, 950–51, 954, 955, 960

  Juno Beach 805

  Kaether, Ernst 934

  Kahr, Gustav Ritter von: appointed General State Commissar 124–5

  counter-revolutionary regime 106, 107, 108

  first encounters H 98–9

  murdered 98, 312

  ousted from power 133

  and putsch attempt (1923) 98, 128–9, 130, 133, 134, 135

  Kalisz 890

  Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 795, 845, 890, 896, 902, 923, 925, 964

  Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstandes (Fighting League of the Commercial Middle Class) 285, 286

  Kampfverband Niederbayern 120

  Kampfverlag 200, 201

  Kannenberg, Arthur 374, 375

  Kapp Putsch (1920) 93, 95, 98, 106, 117, 121, 170

  Kapp, Wolfgang 93–4

  Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary) 424, 432, 433

  Karlshorst 963

  Karnau, Hermann 957

  Kassel 456

  Kattowitz 574

  Katyn Forest 759

  Kaulbach, Wilhelm von 376

  Kazakhstan 683

  Keitel, Wilhelm: agitates against Manstein 797

  and Allied invasion 807

  and the Anschluß 404, 405, 408, 411

  and Balkan campaign 605

  and Blomberg scandal (1938) 392, 397

  in ‘Committee of Three’ 750, 754

  compliancy 754

  in ‘Court of Honour’ 844

  and defence of Berlin 940, 942, 946, 953

  and development of genocidal programme 672, 676

  dissuades H from scrapping Geneva convention 905

  and drive for Moscow 643

  dubbed the ‘Reich Garage Attendant’ 914

  in Führer Bunker 923, 924, 928, 930, 931

  in Führer Headquarters 556, 624, 655

  and Halder 664

  H’s last letter to 952–3

  and invasion of Czechoslovakia 425, 426–7, 476, 477

  and invasion of Poland 502, 503, 520, 522

  and invasion of Soviet Union 600

  and ‘Jewish Question’ 593, 597

  and July 1944 assassination attempt 829–30, 832, 834, 875

  loyalty to H 900

  Ministerial Council for the Defence of the Reich 506

  and occupation of France 561, 562

  and opening of Eastern Front 566, 583, 590

  and opening of Western Front 543

  and plans for ‘New Order’ 633

  and restructuring of Wehrmacht 397, 398, 422

  retained by Dönitz 962

  signs German surrender 963

  and Soviet advances in the east 814

  and summer offensive (1942) 726

  at talks with Mussolini (May 1942) 710

  trial and execution 964

  in Wolf’s Lair 624, 625

  Kempka, Erich 375, 821, 954, 956, 957

  ‘Keppler Circle’ 243, 249

  Keppler, Wilhelm 242–3, 249–50, 386, 412

  Kerch peninsula 666, 710, 711–12, 713

  Kerch, Straits of 772

  Kesselring, Albert: and Allied advances in the west 915

  command of Luftwaffe in Mediterranean 664, 726

  and German surrender 961

  in Italy 787

  and North African campaign 756–7

  replaces Rundstedt 892

  responsibility for southern zone of Reich 919

  sees H for last time 919

  Ketzin 935

  Kharkhov 637, 638, 641, 644, 712, 713, 718, 754–5, 757

  Kiel 704

  Kielce 894

  Kiev: battle of 632, 643–4, 648

  execution of Jews 674–5

  Himmler’s impressions 650

  plans to take 591, 628, 641, 642–3

  recaptured 774

  King Kong (film) 293

  Kirdorf, Emil 187, 194

  Kirkpatrick, (Sir) Ivone 440, 611–12, 616

  ‘Kirschkern’ Programme 791–2

  Klausener, Erich 315

  Kleist, Ewald Heinrich von 828

  Kleist, Heinrich von 61

  Kleist, Paul Ludwig Ewald von 654, 655–6, 797

  Kleist-Schmenzin, Ewald von 828

  Klessheim Castle 710, 757–8, 794, 795, 799

  Klimt, Gustav 23

  Klintzsch, Johann 98

  Kluge, Günther von: and Operation Citadel 755–6, 767, 769–70, 772
/>
  and opposition groups 821, 824–5, 836

  replaced by Busch 825

  replaces Rundstedt 813, 861, 863

  suicide 864–6

  and summer offensive (1942) 723

  urges H to end war 851

  and winter crisis on Eastern Front (1941–42) 662, 663, 666–7

  Knappertsbusch, Hans 709–10, 799

  Koblenz 892, 893

  Koch, Erich 534–5, 634–5, 859, 905, 965

  Koch, Robert 677

  Koeppen, Werner 650, 684

  Kolberg 908, 914

  Kolberg (film) 858, 908

  Koller, Karl 800, 924, 926–7, 928, 930, 932–3, 938

  Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD): Elser’s support for 545

  and emergency decree 276

  and Enabling Act (1933) 263, 281

  H’s intention to annihilate 208

  newspapers and meeting banned 273

  Reich’s President election (1932) 226–7

  Reichstag elections 178, 204–5, 232, 241–2, 277

  and Reichstag fire (1933) 275

  streetfights with SA 230–31

  and vote of no confidence in government 240

  Wöhrden incident 191

  Konev, Ivan 888, 920, 927, 934, 935

  Königsberg 277, 414, 498, 879, 892, 914, 918

  Königsbronn 545

  Königswusterhausen 927

  Konstanz 546

  Koppe, Wilhelm 527, 535, 575, 965

  Kordt, Erich 536, 542

  Kordt Theo 536

  Korherr, Richard 716, 759

  Körner, Theodor 745

  Korten, Günther 814

  Kowno 481, 626, 670–71, 689

  KPD see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands

  Krampnitz 930

  Krauch, Karl 361

  Krause, Karl 375

  Krebs, Albert 214

  Krebs, Hans 915, 923, 927, 928, 931, 938, 939, 940, 942, 950, 952, 954, 958–9, 960

  Kreisau Circle 823–4, 846

  Kreyssig, Lothar 529

  Kriebel, Hermann 120, 124, 126, 134, 135

  Kronstadt 636

  Krüger, Else 960

  Krupp (iron and steel/armaments company) 153, 193, 268, 451

  Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Gustav 268, 269

  Kuban river 722, 772

  Kube, Wilhelm 635, 689–90

  Kubizek, August (‘Gustl’): friendship with H 11–12, 26–7, 904

  and H’s antisemitism 39, 40

  and H’s attitude to sex 22, 23–4

  memoirs 11, 23, 26–7, 34

  moves to Vienna with H 18–22, 25

  reunions with H 373, 491, 567

  Küchler, Georg von 602–3

  Kunz, Helmut Gustav 960

  Kurhessen 457

  Kursk 719, 755, 766, 769

  Küstrin bridgehead 891, 892, 914, 915, 920

  Kvaternik, Sladko 677

  Kyrill, Prince 117

  labour shortages 473, 702, 749, 854, 878

  Lake Balaton 890, 914

  Lake Ladoga 724

  Lambach 490

  Lammers, Hans Heinrich: and Bormann 516, 749

  in ‘Committee of Three’ 750, 753

  and development of genocidal programme 676

  and euthanasia programmes 532

  head of Reich Chancellery 293, 324, 376

  and Koller 933

  Ministerial Council for the Defence of the Reich 506

  and occupation of Poland 522

  and plans for ‘New Order’ 633

  and Total War Effort 855, 856

  ‘land policy’ (Bodenpolitik) 180

  Landespolizei 355

  Landsberg am Lech fortress: H imprisoned in 132, 136–8, 145–6, 153

  Landtag elections: (1924) 132, 141; (1929) 192–3, 196–7, 200;

  (1931) 222, 227;

  (1932) 227–8, 230;

  (1933) 284

  Landvolk 191

  Lange, Herbert 688

  Lange, Otto 689, 696

  Lanz, Adolf (known as Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels) 28–9, 40

  Lanz, Hubert 821

  Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de 963

  Latvia 487, 499, 622, 677, 689, 889

  Lauböck, Theodor 99

  Laval, Pierre 581–2, 582–3, 732, 758

  ‘Law against the Enslavement of the German People’ (1929) 193

  ‘Law against the New Construction of Parties’ (1933) 290

  ‘Law for the Emergency Defence of the State’ (1934) 314

  ‘Law on the Head of State of the German Reich’ (1934) 317

  ‘Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring’ (1933) 294–5

  ‘Law for Reduction of Unemployment’ (1933) 270

  ‘Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service’ (1933) 288, 291

  ‘Law to Protect German Blood’ (1935) 344–6

  leadership cult see Führer cult

  League of Nations: and Abyssinian crisis 339, 349

  condemnation of Germany 338

  control of Saarland 332

  German withdrawal (1933) 297–300, 331, 351

  H’s offer for Germany to rejoin 353, 354

  and Polish crisis (1939) 494

  Lebensraum see ‘living space’

  Lechfeld camp 73–4, 77

  Leeb, Wilhelm Ritter von 544, 590, 622, 636–7, 666, 819

  Léger, Alexis 444

  Lehár, Franz 20

  Lehmann, Julius F. 81–2, 116

  Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (H’s houseguards) 309, 310, 375, 377, 913

  Leipa 478

  Leipart, Theodor 288

  Leipzig 81, 858, 893 Gewandhaus 709

  Leipzig Reichswehr trial (1930) 206–8, 217

  Leipzig University Children’s Clinic 532

  Leitgen, Alfred 612

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 49

  Leningrad 590, 591, 622, 628, 636–7, 638–9, 641, 642, 644, 700, 724

  Leonding 7, 8, 412

  Leopold III, King of the Belgians 557

  Leopold, Josef 406

  Leuna 893

  Ley, Robert 246, 247, 288, 289, 328, 593, 750–51, 752, 900, 964

  Libau (Liepaja) 499

  Libya 591, 717, 730, 736

  Lidice 714

  Liége 554

  Lille 53

  Lindemann, Georg 814

  Lindloff, Ewald 957–8

  Linge, Heinz 715, 832, 902, 903, 922, 923, 943, 955, 956–7, 960

  Linz: anti-Habsburg feelings 9

  arrival of American troops (7 May 1945) 961

  H visits (1939) 491

  as H’s ‘home town’ 7

  H’s speech in (1938) 411–12

  H’s youth in 10–13, 491

  military authorities 48, 49, 50–51

  model of 903–4

  nationalism in 9, 39–40

  rebuilding plans 856, 903

  Urfahr 14, 16–17

  workers’ flats 490

  Lippe-Detmold 250–51

  Lippert, Michael 312

  Lipski, Józef 331, 481, 482, 507

  List, Wilhelm 721–2, 723, 724–5

  Liszt, Franz 20, 626

  Lithuania 384, 481, 517, 595, 622, 670–71, 677, 689, 814

  Litvinov, Maxim 488

  ‘living space’: for agricultural production 388–9

  development of notion of 80, 91, 146, 152–5

  and Four-Year Plan 367

  and ‘Germanization’ in the east 265, 712–13

  Haushofer’s influence 617

  in H’s public statements 180, 183, 202

  and invasion of Czechoslovakia 418, 427, 479

  and invasion of Poland 486, 524

  and ‘Jewish Question’ 182

  in Mein Kampf 64, 148, 153–5, 157

  and Russia 146, 152–5, 158, 180, 182, 362, 566, 631, 634 see also eastern expansion; expansionism

  Lloyd George, David (later 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor) 565

  Löb, Fritz 361


  Locarno Treaty (1925) 182, 337, 350–51, 352, 354

  Lodz (Litzmannstadt) 526, 575, 685, 686, 688, 890

  Löffner, Siegfried 33, 41

  Lohse, Hinrich 246, 635, 689–90, 695, 965

  London: Blitz 570

  V1 flying-bomb attacks 803, 806–7

  V2 rocket attacks 873, 881

  World Economic Conference (1933) 290

  Lorenz, Heinz 836, 922, 943, 952

  Loringhoven, Bernd von 952

  Lorraine 578

  Lösener, Bernhard 344, 345

  Loßberg, Bernard von 567–8

  Lossow, Otto Hermann von: on H as propagandist 137–8

  and May Day affair (1923) 122

  ousted from power 133

  and putsch attempt (1923) 128–9, 130, 133, 134, 135

  Röhm and 120

  in ruling triumvirate 126–7, 130

  Lübeck 196, 278, 945

  Lublin 574, 575, 576, 688, 697

  Lüdecke, Kurt 113–14, 117, 163

  Ludendorff, Erich: alleged freemasonry 165

  anti-clericalism 161

  at Nuremberg rally (1923) 123–4

  candidate for the Reich Presidency (1925) 165–6

  and expansionism 153

  and Frontbann 143

  funding of 117

  H’s conflicts with 156, 161, 162, 163

  and H’s refounding of NSDAP 163

  as potential military leader of Germany 137, 138

  and putsch attempt (1923) 129–30, 131, 133, 134–5

  radical völkisch nationalism 121

  visits H in Landsberg 142

  and Völkischer Block 144

  as war hero 87, 114, 121

  Ludin, Hanns 207, 208

  Ludwig Ferdinand, Prince of Bavaria 124

  Ludwig III, King of Bavaria 52

  Ludwigshafen 893

  Lueger, Karl 32, 37, 42

  Luftwaffe: aircraft production 791, 799–801, 808, 874

  and Allied bombing raids 718, 752–3, 762, 790, 851

  Ardennes offensive 880, 885

  Balkan campaign 604, 605, 607

  battle for Stalingrad 734, 735, 737, 738

  bomb-proof bunkers 799–800

  and D-Day landings 806

  defence of Berlin 926–7, 946

  deficiencies of 733, 738, 752, 880, 887

  Dunkirk 557, 558–9

  end of 885, 886, 926–7

  equipping of 387, 550, 791, 799–801

  flawed communications with Wehrmacht 553–4

  Göring announces existence of 334

  Göring’s leadership 641, 718, 752–3, 762, 768, 790–91, 797

  and IG-Farben lobby 365

  and invasion of Czechoslovakia 477

  ‘Kirschkern’ Programme 791–2

  Mediterranean campaign 664, 730, 733

  and proposed invasion of Britain 563, 565, 568, 569–70

 

‹ Prev