Blood Profits
Page 31
9. Don Winslow, “El Chapo and the Secret History of the Heroin Crisis,” Esquire, August 9, 2016. http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a46918/heroin-mexico-el-chapo-cartels-don-winslow/?curator=MediaREDEF
10. Beittel, p. 16.
11. Ibid., p. 24.
12. Max Manwaring, “Gangs and Cartels in Coalition and Conflict: The Insurgency Phenomenon in Mexico” in The Hybrid Threat: Crime, Terrorism and Insurgency in Mexico, HPSI Issue Brief (Washington, D.C. and Carlisle, PA: George Washington University and US Army War College, December 2011), p. 128.
13. Beittel, p. 8.
14. Ibid., citing Steven Dudley, “Police Use Brute Force to Break Crime’s Hold on Juárez,” InSight Crime: Organized Crime in the Americas, February 13, 2013, p.17. Mexican newspapers such as El Diario reported more than three hundred homicides a month in 2010, when the violence peaked.
15. Doug Farah, “Central America’s Dangerous Actors: The Convergence of Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism and Extra-Regional Actors” (IBI Consultants: September 2013), p. 10.
16. Cardash, Cilluffo, and Tussing, p. 18.
17. DEA, Drug Enforcement Administration: 1990–1994 (Washington, D.C.: Drug Enforcement Administration Museum), p. 77
18. Beittel, p. 28.
19. Helfstein and Solomo.
20. Ibid., p. 80.
21. Jay S. Albanese, Transnational Crime and the 21st Century: Criminal Enterprise, Corruption and Opportunity (New York: Oxford UP, 2011), p. 137.
22. Chayes, p. 24.
23. Ibid., p. 40.
24. Gupta et al. (2011), cited in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, CleanGovBiz: Integrity in Practice (Background Brief) (Paris: OECD, 2014), p. 3.
25. OECD, CleanGovBiz, p. 3.
26. Bernadette O’Hare, Innocent Makuta, Naor Bar-Zeev, Levison Chiwaula, and Alex Cobham, “The Effect of Illicit Financial Flows on Time to Reach the Fourth Millenium Development Goal in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Quantitative Analysis,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 107, number 4 (2014), p. 151.
27. Albanese, p. 133.
28. I thank Prof. Thomas Pogge for this insight, in emailed communications.
29. OECD, CleanGovBiz, p. 3.
30. Chayes, p. 41.
31. Ibid., p. 69.
32. Ibid., p. 43.
33. Ibid., pp. 184–85.
34. Ibid., p. 63.
35. Ibid., p. 62.
36. According to Loret at his Americas Society talk. In his first eighteen months in office, Peña Nieto also managed to reform education, the telecommunications sector (much to the consternation of Carlos Slim, the world’s wealthiest man), and energy, and imprisoned El Chapo Guzmán (though his subsequent escape via a vast tunnel has hurt Peña Nieto’s credibility) and the head of the teachers’ union.
37. To date, the biggest security program pertaining to the threat coming from Central America is the Mérida Initiative, which has cost approximately $1.3 billion over the last three years. While the program was originally designed to provide specific equipment and training to the government of Mexico and assist it in developing the tools to confront the cartels, the partnership has evolved, such that the program is now guided by a strategy that aims to: “1) disrupt the capacity of organized crime to operate; 2) institutionalize reforms to sustain rule of law; 3) create a 21st century border structure; and 4) build strong and resilient communities.” http://www.centerforhumanrights.org/PFS_Petition/Ex56_MeridaOverview-Jul15.pdf
38. Beittel, p. 7.
39. Ibid., p. 1.
40. Ibid., p. 25.
41. http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/10/opinion/bergen-petraeus-legacy/
42. Jonathan Weil, “Cocaine Cowboys Know Best Places to Bank,” Bloomberg, August 2, 2012.
43. Albanese, p. 108.
44. http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/aml_history.html
45. OECD, Illicit Trade, p. 248.
46. https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-renews-real-estate-geographic-targeting-orders-identify-high-end-cash
47. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-07-02/hsbc-judge-approves-1-9b-drug-money-laundering-accord
48. Jessica Silver-Greenberg, “HSBC to Pay Record Fine to Settle Money-Laundering Charges,” New York Times, December 11, 2012. http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/12/11/hsbc-to-pay-record-fine-to-settle-money-laundering-charges/
49. Farah, p. 9.
50. Devlin Barrett and Christopher M. Matthews, “BNP News Settlement with US for up to $9 Billion,” The Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2014.
51. Cardash et al., in Hybrid Threat, p. 21.
CHAPTER 12
1. Cardash et al., Hybrid Threat, p. 48.
2. Helfstein and Solomo, pp. 83–84.
3. Albanese, p. 2.
4. Ibid., p. 3.
5. National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002), p. 3. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/63562.pdf.
6. Robert Mandel, Dark Logic: Transnational Criminal Tactics and Global Security (Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2011), p. 26.
7. Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime: Letter from the President, July 19, 2011. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nsc/transnational-crime/letter
8. Helfstein and Solomo, pp. 64, 73–77.
9. Ibid., 61.
10. Doug Farah, “Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America: An Emerging Tier-One National Security Priority,” US Army War College, August 2012.
11. Albanese, p. 46.
12. Helfstein and Solomo, p. 89.
13. Jakub Grygiel, “The Power of Statelessness,” Policy Review, Hoover Institution, April and May 2009, p. 36.
14. Beittel, pp. 18–19.
15. Helfstein and Solomo, pp. 19–20
16. Beittel, p. 20.
17. Ibid., p. 22.
18. Helfstein and Solomo, p. 12.
19. United States House Committee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations and Management, A Line in the Sand: Countering Crime, Violence and Terror at the Southwest Border, 112th Congress, 2nd Session, November 2012, p. 13.
20. Max Manwaring, Gangs, Pseudo-Militaries and Other Modern Mercenaries: New Dynamics in Uncomfortable Wars (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010), p. 65.
21. Ibid., pp. 26–27.
22. McCaffrey, p. 5.
23. US Department of Justice press release, October 11, 2011, www.justice.gov.
24. Asher and Modell, p. 9.
25. Ibid., p. 22.
26. http://www.khou.com/story/news/2014/07/11/11315838/
27. http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20100602_al_shabaab_threats_united_states#ixzz2JftT48U5
28. Dawn L. Bartell and David H. Gray, “Hezbollah and Al Shabaab in Mexico and the Terrorist Threat to the United States,” Global Security Studies 3, number 4 (Fall 2012), p. 109.
29. Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, translated and edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, pp. 77–128 (New York: Oxford UP, 1946), p. 77.
30. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015-05-15/putin-tries-to-freeze-the-ukraine-conflict
31. McCaffrey, pp. 7–8.
CHAPTER 13
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfC1MqzoO7w, accessed on March 8, 2017.
2. Beittel, p. 26.
3. http://time.com/3954802/joaquin-el-chapo-guzman-escape/
4. http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2008/08/26/20080826narcobeer0823.html
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda
_in_the_Mexican_Drug_War
6. Rohan Gunaratna and Aviv Oreg, The Global Jihad Movement (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015), pp. 394–95.
7. Ibid., p. 399.
8. Ibid., pp. 401–03.
9. Ibid., pp. 408–09.
10. Hassan Hassan and Michael Weiss, ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror (New York: Regan Arts, 2015), pp. 174–75.
11. Ibid., p. 177.
12. Ibid., p. 176.
13. Ibid., p. 170.
14. M. W. Zackie, “An Analysis of Abu Musab al-Suri’s ‘Call to Global Islamic Resistance,’” Journal of Strategic Security 6, number 1 (2013), p. 1.
15. Gunaratna and Oreg, pp. 386–87.
16. Zackie, p. 9.
17. https://www.ft.com/content/b8234932-719b-11e5-ad6d-f4ed76f0900a
18. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/02/16/isis-empire-smuggling-shakedowns-donations-feed-swelling-terror-budget.html
19. Karl Marx, “The German Ideology” in The Marx-Engels Reader, 2nd ed. edited by Robert C. Tucker (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1978), p. 163.
20. George Orwell in David Miller, On Nationality (New York: Oxford UP, 1999), p. 37.
21. Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Ethics of Identity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 66.
22. Milan Svolik’s The Politics of Authoritarian Rule (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012) is the locus classicus for this theory.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abbotabad papers (found during Osama bin Laden raid)
Abdel-Rahman, Omar
Abdulla, Miskal Al
Abu Dhabi
Acebes, Angel
Achille Lauro hijacking
Acosta Carles, Luis Felipe
Aeroterror (“Terror Air”)
Aeterni Regis (King Eternal, papal bull)
Afghanistan
and Daesh
and drug trade
and jihadism
and land mines
mujahideen
Taliban
US invasion of
Ahmad, Nazem Said
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud
AK-47
Al-Amine, Ali
Al Qaeda
Al Qaeda in Iraq
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)
Al Shabaab
Albanese, Jay
Algeria
Angola
anti-narcocorrido (song that denounces violence and corruption of drug cartels). See also narcocorrido
Aponte Aponte, Eladio
Appiah, Kwame
Apple
Arab Spring
Araujo, Álvaro
Araujo, Maria Consuelo
Arbabsiar plot
arepa (corn patties)
Argentina
AMIA bombing (Buenos Aires, 1994)
Israeli embassy attack (Buenos Aires, 1992)
Argentine-Israeli Mutual Association
arms dealing
arms smuggling
arms trafficking
Arria, Diego
Assad, Bashar, al-
Assad, Hafez al-
Assad regime (Syria)
assassination
and Arbabsiar plot
and Los Zetas
of Rafic Hariri
asymmetric (fourth generation) warfare
Asymmetric Warfare Group (US Army)
Asymmetrica (Neumann’s company)
AUC. See Colombia: United Colombian Self-Defense Forces (AUC)
avian flu. See H1N1 (avian flu)
Awlaki, Anwar al-
Azerbaijan
Aznar, José Maria
bacrim (criminal gangs)
Baghdadi, Abu Bakr Al
Bank Secrecy Act
Bassiur, Matthew
Bate, Roger
beheadings
Belmokhtar, Mokhtar (“Mr. Marlboro”)
Benedict XVI, Pope
Betancourt, Ingrid
Bin Hammam, Mohamed
bin Laden, Osama
Birkin bags
Blatter, Sepp
Blazer, Chuck
BNP Paribas SA
Boko Haram
Bolívar, Simón
Bolivia
Bonilla Orozco, Maximiliano
Botero, Fernando
Bout, Viktor
Bouterse, Dino
Brazil
Bruck, Bill
Burberry
Bush, George W.
Cabezas, Hugo
Café de la Reconciliación, El (Reconciliation Coffee)
Calderón, Felipe
“Calderón’s War”
Cali (cartel)
Call to Global Islamic Resistance, The (GIR)
Campbell, Naomi
Canadadrugs.com
Cano, Alfonso
capital flight (money leaving a country)
Cárdenas Guillén, Mario (“El Gordo”)
Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG)
Cartel of the Suns
cartelitos (minicartels)
cartels
Arbabsiar plot
and convergence of crime-terror pipeline
“big four”
and fourth-generation warfare
economics of
and gangs
and identity
recruitment
and smuggling
See also specific cartels
Carvajal, Hugo
Cash, Bill (Neumann’s former father-in-law)
Cash, William (Neumann’s ex-husband)
Castro, Fidel
Catholicism
Center for a Secure Free Society
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Chanel
Chávez, Hugo
1992 coup attempt by
1998 presidential election
2002 coup against
2004 recall referendum
2007 constitutional referendum
2009 constitutional referendum
and ALBA
and anti-semitism
and celebrities
Chavismo (ideology of Chávez)
Chavistas (Chávez supporters)
and corruption
death of
and elected dictatorship
and elections
and FARC
and Hezbollah
and ideology and power
and International Rebellion
and Iran
and jihadism
La Chavera (family estate)
por ahora (for now) motto
and trade and terrorism
Chayes, Sarah
Chelsea Holdings
China
Alibaba
Beijing
“China, Inc.”
and counterfeit goods
Great Leap Forward
Guangzhou
hutongs (old neighborhoods with narrow streets)
and Mongolia
Olympics (2008)
People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
Silk Road market
triads (criminal networks)
cigarettes. See tobacco
Citgo Petroleum Corporation
Coartem (antimalarial drug)
Coca Growers of Putumayo
cocaine
and Escobar
and FARC
and Guatemala
and Hezbollah
and Mexico
and Miami
and money laundering
retail markup
and United Kingdom
and Venezuela
White Triangle of
Coffee Growers Federation
coffee indust
ry
Cold War
Collins, Jeffrey
Colombia
Armenia
Bogotá
and drug trade
False Positives scandal
and flattening of terrorist networks
Heroes and Martyrs of Guática
Justice and Peace Law
Law 002 (“war tax” law)
Medellín (cartel)
Medellín (city)
Parapolitical Scandal
peace process
Radio Caracol
United Colombian Self-Defense Forces (AUC)
and violence
See also Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Columbus, Christopher
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
communism
compartmentalization
Confrérie des Mourides (Mouride Brotherhood)
Corimon (Neumann family business)
counterfeiting
and China
and money laundering
and North Korea
pharmaceuticals
tobacco products
and transnational crime
counterinsurgency
Creative Associates International
crime-terror pipeline (CTP)
and convergence
and multiagency swarm
and smuggling
and the state
Crino, Scott