Labyrinth- the Art of Decision-Making
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Challenger space shuttle, 7–8, 155–64
change, 36–7, 192. See also agents of change
charismatic leadership, 44–50, 240, 281, 309–10. See also authority/experts
Chhetri, Madan Khatri, 117
Chrysler, 10–11, 66–7, 142–3
Churchill, Winston, 330 -11
CIA, 69–70
Clausewitz, Carl von, 215
clear structures, 318
cloning, 52–3
Cockpit Resource Management, 314–6
collapse, process of, 34–5
collectivism, 145–7, 328 -2
Collins, Jim, 34–5
Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB), 168–82
Columbia space shuttle, 8, 154–60, 166–8
communication, 179, 220–1
Compagnie Générale des Eaux (CGE), 45–6
competitive advantage, 317–8
concessions, gaining small, 132–3
Concorde, 54–7, 326 -10
Concorde fallacy, 56–8
conformity, 50–4, 87–8, 92
Cooper, Robert, 327 -11
Corleo, Luigi, 231
Cosa Nostra
organization, 225–39
rules, 239–40
cost-cutting, 113–4, 164–6
Crimson Tide (film), 303–5, 333 -4
crowdsourcing, 292–5
Cuban Missile Crisis, 68–9, 70–4, 171
cultural differences, 67–8, 142–4
culture, 142–3. See also individualism; masculinity (MAS) index; power distance index (PDI); uncertainty avoidance
culture, organizational, 141–2, 151–3, 170, 173–5, 182
daily leaders, 310
Daimler-Benz and Chrysler merger, 10–11, 66–7, 142–3
Dalla Chiesa, Carlo Alberto, 233–4
DARPA, 326 -5
data
Big Data, 287–9, 297
as growing exponentially, 18–9
as ignored, 66
overload, 296
storage, 287
unreliable, 24, 131
Deal, Duane, 175
decision narcissism, 86
decision salami, 132–3
decision-makers, 25, 30, 35, 86, 145
decision-making
automation, 132, 289, 298
conflict due to difference in, 304, 305–6, 333 -4
democratic, 145, 304
elements affecting, 318–9
as game, 187
improving process, 132
infrastructure, 241, 245
and leader formation, 246
as process, 64–5. See also advocacy decision-making; inquiry decision-making
Deepwater Horizon, 5, 23
delusions, 274–8
Diallo, Nafissatou, 254–5
difference, 87–8
dispersed leadership, 310–1, 314–6, 318–9
Draper Labs, 81–2
Drucker, Peter, 171, 192
Eaton, Robert J., 10, 66
Edgett, Scott, 327 -11
Eichmann, Adolf, 41–2
El-Erian, Mohamed A., 24
emotion, 124–5, 128, 150, 263–5, 266–9
Encyclopædia Britannica, 35–6, 295
Enron, 49
errors, avoidable. See mistakes/accidents
Eurocontrol, 9–10, 66
EXCOMM (the Executive Committee of the National Security Council), 71–4, 326 -2
experts. See authority/experts
experts/authority, 42–4, 60, 80–1, 88 See also charismatic leadership
Eyjafjallajökull volcano, 9–10, 66
failures, analyzing, 128–30
Falcone, Giovanni, 234–5
Falkland Islands, 148–9
Fastow, Andrew, 49
femininity, 147–50, 329 -3
financial crisis 1997/98, 7
financial crisis 2008, 22, 24–5, 31, 223–4
Fischer, Scott, 4–5, 101–2, 106–13, 106–17, 118–21, 122–4
Fitch, Dennis, 315
5 Whys, 100–1
flight ban, 9–10, 66
The Fog of War (film), 203, 204–5, 326 -2
Ford Motor Company, 220–1
García Márquez, Gabriel, 5
General Electric (GE), 217–9
Generation X, 290, 332 -5
Generation Y, 290, 331 -19
Generation Z, 332 -6
generations, 289–92, 331 -19, 332nn4–6
Genovese, Kitty, 184–5
Getty, John Paul, III, 230
Gibson, Mel, 267–8
globalization, 20–1
Godfather (film trilogy), 225
Goldin, Daniel, 164–5
Goldsmith, Marshall, 100 Coaches program, 220–1
Goleman, Daniel, 263
Google, 21–2, 47–8
Groupon, 46–8
Grove, Andy, 35
Grown Up Digital (Tapscott), 290
Gulf of Tonkin, 3–4, 198–203
habits, 24, 91–2
Hackman, J. Richard, 245
Haise, Fred, 74–5
Halder, Franz, 209, 210
Hall, Rob, 4–5, 101–2, 105–17, 118–21, 122–4
Hallock, James, 164–5
Ham, Linda, 8, 166–7, 172–3
Hamann, Stephan, 262
Hansen, Doug, 109, 110, 124
Haynes, Alfred C., 314–6
height, 43, 325 -3
Herrick, John J., 3–4, 201, 203
high-context communication, 146–7
Hillary, Edmund, 104, 327 -4
HiPPO effect, 325 -2
Hitachi, 21
Hitler, Adolf, 193, 206–16, 330 -13
Hofstede, Geert, 142, 143–4, 146
How the Mighty Fall (Collins), 34–5
Hunt, John, 104, 327 -4
Husband, Rick, 8
Hyundai, 223–4
IBM, 144
identifying issues, 133
implementation, 134–5
individualism, 145–6, 328 -2
individualism index (IDV), 145–6
infallibility, 216
inquiry decision-making
Big Data, 288
Columbia space shuttle, 168
in Crimson Tide, 305
and crowdsourcing, 295
Cuban Missile Crisis, 70–4
and intuition, 85–6
Mount Everest climb, 111–2, 114, 115
NASA, 80–2, 179
overview, 68–9
and time, 131
Vietnam War, 204
Internet, 19, 290–1, 293, 294
Internet of Things (IoT), 288–9
investors, 30–1
Irvine, Andrew “Sandy,” 102–3
Jobs, Steve, 134
Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 195, 198–201, 202–5, 330 -6
Kaczyński, Lech, 9
Kaczyński, Maria, 9
Kahneman, Daniel, 269–71, 332 -10
Kaizen, 97–8, 133, 318
Kennedy, John F., 68–9, 70–5, 171, 205
Kerwin, Joseph, 83–4
Khrushchev, Nikita, 72–4
Khurana, Rakesh, 49
KLM, 312
Koyaanisqatsi (film), 17–8
Krakauer, Jon, 106, 109–10, 112, 115, 32 -5
Kranz, Gene, 74–81, 77–85, 84–5
Kruse, Dale, 124–5
Kurzweil, Ray, 297
leadership. See also authentic leaders
agents of change, 216–8, 220, 248–9
as architect, 222, 240–1, 249
&nbs
p; and black swan events, 53
and burdens, 245–6
charismatic leadership, 44–50, 240, 281, 309–10
dispersed leadership, 310–1, 314–6, 318–9
formation of, 246–7
and inclusivity, 220–1
vs. managers, 133, 172, 193–4
overview, 191–4
and people, 220
roles of, 248–9
and solutions, 221–2
and trust, 221
and values, 221
vision and strategy, 195, 205–6, 215–6, 238–9, 248
LeDoux, Joseph, 263
Lefkofsky, Eric, 47–8
Leggio, Luciano, 229–31
Lem, Stanislaw, 285–6
libido, 255–62
Liebergot, Seymour, 77
logic, 268–71, 278, 298
Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM), 7
Lopsang Jangbu, 107, 109, 114
Lovell, James, 74–5
Macondo, 5
Mafia, 225–39
Mafia rules, 239–40
Mallory, George Herbert Leigh, 102–3
managers
and achievement motive, 280
candidates for, 120–2
and decision-making, 218
groups of, 241–3
vs. leaders, 133, 172, 193–4
Mount Everest climbers, 122–3
at NASA, 156–7, 166, 169, 172–3, 177–8, 180
as scapegoats, 130–1
Marcks, Erich, 209–10
Marshall, Barry James, 99–100
Mason, Andrew, 46–7
masculinity (MAS) index, 147–50, 329 -3
The Master and Margarita (Bulgakov), 299
Matteo, Giuseppe Di, 237
McAfee, Andrew, 325 -2
McBroom, Malburn, 313
McClelland, David, 278–9
McNamara, Robert S., 73, 199–205, 326 -2, 330 -6
mental security, 88
Mercury space project, 75
Merkle, Ralph, 296
Merton, Robert C., 6–7, 33–4
Messier, Jean-Marie, 45–6
Messner, Reinhold, 104–5
Microsoft, 48
Milgram, Stanley, 41–2
Millennials, 290, 331 -19
mistakes/accidents
and airport security, 333 -10
and authority/experts, 60
and innovations, 298, 321
overview, 11
repeated, 328 -14
scapegoats, 100
value of, 128, 206, 328 -14
World War II, 215
monkey hunting, 91–3
monkey ladder experiment, 50–1, 141
Moore’s Law, 18
Morton-Thiokol, 156–7, 159
Moseley, Winston, 184
motives. See social motives
Mount Everest
climbing as risky, 101, 327 -2
deaths, 5, 101, 103, 105, 110, 123, 328 -5, 328 -14
Hall and Fischer climbing events, 107–17, 118–21, 122–3, 328 -7
history of climbing, 102–5
Hubbard Medal awards, 327 -4
overview, 4–5, 101–2, 105–7
Mountain Madness, 4–5, 101–2, 106–17, 118–21, 122–4
Mulally, Alan, 219–22
Mulloy, Lawrence, 156
Nadella, Satya, 48–9
Nagy, Piroska, 254–5
nanotechnology, 297
NASA
Apollo space missions, 75–85, 85, 326 -6
authentic leaders, 172, 174, 181–2
and authority/experts, 170–1
CAIB report results, 168–82
Challenger space shuttle, 7–8, 155–64
Columbia space shuttle, 8, 154–60, 166–8
cost-cutting, 164–6
inquiry decision-making, 80–2, 179
managers, 156–7, 166, 169, 172–3, 177–8, 180
and risk, 161
rules and procedures, 179–81
and time, 177–8
Navarra, Michele, 228–30
Nazi Germany, 193, 207–16, 330 -11, 330 -13
new normal, 24–5, 37, 192, 246, 292
Ngô Đình Diê.m, 197–8
9/11, 20
Nokia, 31–3
Norgay, Tenzing, 104, 327 -4
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 20
Nuovo, Frank, 33
obedience, 188–9
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 200
O’Keefe, Sean, 164–5
On War (Clausewitz), 215
One Hundred Years of Solitude (García Márquez), 5
Operation Barbarossa, 210–2, 330 -13
organizational culture
adopting, 173–4
definition, 141
as important, 222
overview, 318
power of, 170
shaping, 151–3, 182
values, 221, 222–5, 227, 237, 239–40
Page, Larry, 21–2
PageRank algorithm, 21–2
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 134–5
Paul, Getty, John, 230
Paulus, Friedrich Wilhelm, 213–4
PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act), 98
Petrov, Stanislav Yevgrafovich, 307–8, 333 -5
Pistorius, Oscar, 265, 332 -7
Pittman, Sandy Hill, 106–7, 110, 112, 114
Porsche, 6–7
positive paranoia, 89–90
positivity, 29–30, 31, 34, 60
Powell, Colin, 59
power distance index (PDI), 144–5, 146, 328 -1
power of habit, 24
pressure, 161–3, 171, 187–8, 203
priming, 271–3
process audits, 90
project elimination, 91, 132
Provenzano, Bernardo, 230, 231, 237, 237–9
racism, 264–5
RAND Corporation, 285–6, 332 -1
rapid response teams, 89–92, 93–4, 132
rationality. See logic
RCA (root cause analysis)
Challenger space shuttle, 160–2
and collectivist cultures, 147
and emotion, 128
implementation of, 182
Mount Everest climb, 111–7, 118–21, 122–4
overview, 100–1
vs. scapegoating, 131
step-by-step, 136–7
and time, 131
ulcers, 98–100
and winning organizations, 133
Reagan, Ronald, 154–5, 158, 162
Reber, Paul, 296
Reggio, Godfrey, 17–8
responsibility, 179–80, 183–6, 215–6, 242, 244–5
Riina, Salvatore, 230–5, 237
risk
Challenger space shuttle, 160
denial of, 34
and dispersed leadership, 310
Hyundai, 224
and libido, 258
Mount Everest climb, 111–4
NASA, 161
and psychological safety, 88
routinized decision-making, 65
and success, 36–7
Rocha, Rodney, 170, 181
Rogers Commission, 158–60, 162, 163, 164
routinized decision-making, 64–5
rowing teams joke, 129
rules and procedures
in Cosa Nostra, 239–40
in Crimson Tide (film), 305–6
Daimler/Chrysler conflict, 142–3
following, 152
going against, 152, 307–8, 333 -5
/> Mount Everest climb, 106, 123
NASA operation, 179–81
overview, 308–9
of RCA, 100–1
and turkey syndromes, 185–6
rules of decision making. See under decision-making
Rumsfeld, Donald, 319
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 245
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 254–5
scapegoats, 100, 128, 130, 133
Schrempp, Jürgen E., 10, 66
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), 292–3
sexual drive. See libido
sexual harassment/assault, 7, 256–7, 260, 262
Sharp, Ulysses S. Grant, 4, 201–2
shock experiment, 41–2
Sicily, 225–6. See also Cosa Nostra
signals from space, 292–3
signs, 30, 31–2, 35
singularity, 297
Six Sigma system, 218
Skilling, Jeffrey, 49
smart devices, 288
Smircich, Linda, 142
social motives, 278–81
Southeast Asia, 195–7. See also Vietnam; Vietnam War
Soviet Union, 209–15, 306–7, 330 -13, 333 -5
Spurrier, Steven, 274–7
Stage-Gate, 84–5, 327 -11
Star Wars defense, 306–7
Steenkamp, Reeva, 264–5
Sterling, Donald, 264–5, 331 -6
Stiviano, V., 263–4
Stoléru, Serge, 261
stomach ulcers, 98–100
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 306–7
Strauss-Kahn, Dominique, 254–6
success, 34, 37
Sud Aviation, 54–7
sunk costs effect, 56–8, 205, 215
Swigert, Jack, 74–5, 83–4, 326 -6
Symbian operating system, 31–2
System 0, 332 -10
System 1 & System 2, 269–71, 332 -10
Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, 19
Tapscott, Don, 290–1
technological evolution, 18, 285–9, 293–8, 332 -2
terrorism, 20
Thompson, Llewellyn “Tommy,” 72–4
time
and advocacy mode, 65
considering, 63
and inquiry decision-making, 131
at NASA, 80–1, 177–8
and teams, 88–9
Titanics, 56–9
Toffler, Alvin, 18
Top Gun (film), 303, 333 -1
Total Quality Management (TQM), 97
trends, 30–1
Trinsum Group, 7
trust, 221
trusted methods, 12, 24–5
tsunami, 20–1
TU-144 aircraft, 54
turkey syndrome
and black swan events, 33, 90
Columbia space shuttle, 169
Mount Everest climb, 112
Nokia, 32–3
story of, 29–30
Vietnam War, 204
Twain, Mark, 206, 287
uncertainties, 150–1, 319–30, 334 -12
uncertainty avoidance, 150–1, 329 -4
unknowns, 150–1, 319–20, 334 -12