Cascades
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and alpha model, 62–64
and beta model, 64–65
and creation of cascades, 66–68
effective, 153–156
and existing institutions, 151–152
history of, 52–60
leaders’ roles in, 164–168
Stanley Milgram and, 51–52
Otpor movement and, 156–164
AnnaLee Saxenian and, 150–151
small-world, 60–65, 149, 154
Tea Party and, 152–153
true power from, 79
Rick Warren and, 147–150
Duncan Watts and, 49–50
as way of seeing things, 68–71
The New Argonauts (Saxenian), 150
New York General Assembly, 2
The New York Times, 122, 134, 149, 151, 213
Newsom, Gavin, 203–204, 215, 228
Newsweek, 205
NHS (National Health Service), 198–199, 234
Niche competitors, 86–87
Night Stalkers, 111
9/11 attacks, 155
1989 revolutions, 28
No-drinking rule, 36, 44, 48, 86
Nocera, Joe, 122, 151–152
Nonviolent campaigns, 196
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 27, 30, 214
Novi Sad, Serbia, 208
Novoye Vremya, 222
NUL (National Urban League), 124, 167
Numbers (TV series), 47
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 165
Obama, Barack, 31, 43, 44, 215, 218
“Obedience to authority” experiments, 51
Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop, 210
Occupy Wall Street:
cooperation of, with existing institutions, 151–152
failure of, 21, 68–70, 90–92, 136, 154, 179, 186–187
members of, 103
need for leader in, 220
networks in, 9
participation in, 199–200, 202
Srdja Popovíc and, 117
popularity of, 1–3, 5, 20
slogan of, 121–122, 126
Office for Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 13
O&I (Operations and Intelligence) forum, 207–210, 234
Oklahoma! (Rodgers and Hammerstein), 153
Olsen, Ken, 13
Olson, Ted, 205
One Mission: How Leaders Build a Team of Teams (Fussell), 207
100Kin10 movement, 22, 98, 165, 209, 218, 234
140journos, 202
O’Neill, Paul, 22, 116, 121, 138, 164, 184–186, 212, 229, 235
OODA (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act) loop, 210
Open Society Foundation, 223
Operations and Intelligence (O&I) forum, 207–210, 234
Opinion leaders, 75–77, 79, 82
Orange Revolution:
aftermath of, 159, 213–215
change caused by, 57, 64
connections in, 84–86, 89
Euromaidan protests vs., 129, 222, 223, 229
Leonid Kuchma’s corruption and, 227
participation in, 78, 79, 197
start of, 27–35, 70
victory phase of, 235
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 160
Orpheus Chamber Orchestra, 69
OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), 160
Oscillation, coupled, 47–50, 60
OSRD (Office for Scientific Research and Development), 13
Otpor Mothers, 164
Otpor movement:
arrests during, 138
barrel prank from, 2–5, 201–202, 210, 234
connections in, 85
consideration of different viewpoints in, 185
and fall of Miloševíc, 218
founders of, 159, 161–164
humor in, 91–93
identifying trigger of, 212
mission statement of, 163
networking meetings of, 208, 209
and networks, 68, 156–164
Pillars of Support in, 132–133
Recruit-Train-Act triangle of, 199
success of, 20, 21
training for, 233
Our Ukraine (Nasha Ukraina), 31, 38
“Outside agitator,” 104, 144
Pacino, Al, 153
Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), 176
Parks, Rosa, 146
Participation, within movements, 196–203
Party of Regions (Ukraine), 32, 38, 129
Path lengths (see Six degrees of separation)
Patriotism, 209
PepsiCo, 6
Percolating cluster, 84–85
Perry, Mark, 18
Phases, of successful movements, 211–212
Pillars of Support:
within Freedom Charter, 172
importance of, 132–138, 151, 211, 212, 232
for Nashville Student Movement, 144, 146
and shared values, 187
Pinchuk, Viktor, 128–129
Pipe Dream (Rodgers and Hammerstein), 153
Planning (see Making a plan)
Planters Association, 104
Platform(s), 189–212, 234
for governance/cohesion/coordination, 205–209
for participation and mobilization, 196–203
and phases of successful movements, 211–212
reactions to, 203–205
and Schwerpunkt strategy, 210–211
of Solidarity movement, 189–196
Political homogeneity, 81
Popovíc, Srdja:
and anti-Milošević protests, 156–162
on Belgrade protests, 190
and CANVAS, xiii, 180
and creating meaningful change, 117, 228
and “horizontal copy-paste,” 208
on humor, 3
on importance of values, 217–218
and Otpor movement, 167, 185
and Pora! movement, 31
and “power graph” exercise, 135–136
on purposes of protest tactics, 201
on sharing values, 128
on Spectrum of Allies, 127
on successful movements, 236
on victory phase, 216
Pora! movement, 31, 37–38, 44, 79
Poroshenko, Petro, 34, 221, 225, 226
Porter, Michael, 17
“Power graph” exercise, 135–136
Princeton University, 47
Prisoner’s Dilemma, 111–112, 186
Program of Action (African National Congress Youth League), 171
Proposition 8 (California Constitution), 177, 204, 205, 212, 215, 228
Protest(s):
emotional response to, 164
horn, 36–37, 44, 48, 86
student, 139–146, 158–159
walking, 195
See also specific protests, e.g.: Euromaidan
Purna Swaraj, 97, 107
Purpose, shared, 111–114, 116
The Purpose of Life (Warren), 149
Putin, Vladimir, 224
Q metric, 154–155
Q Network, 165
Quantum Experience, 165–166
Radio Free Europe, 191, 193
Randolph, A. Philip, 123–124, 167
Random-biased nets, 62
Rao, Huggy, 181
Rapoport, Anatol, 58–62, 65
“Rare qualities,” 78, 83–84
“Razom nas bahato” chants, 37, 44, 48, 86
Reagan, Ronald, 131
Recruit-Train-Act (RAT) triangle, 157, 163, 199, 233
Reform, criminal justice, 136–137
Regional Advantage (Saxenian), 150
Relationships, 59–60, 113
Rényi, Alfréd, 55–58, 60, 65
The Revolution of Dignity, 222 (See also Euromaidan protests)
Revolutions, 27–46
aftermath of, 37–41
color, 28, 31
inevitability of, 41–46
self-organizing, 34–37
See
also specific revolutions, e.g.: Orange Revolution
Rid, Thomas, 43
Rivonia trial, 175
Rockefeller, John D., 16
Rodgers, Richard, 153
Rogers, Everett, 87–88
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 143
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 123
Rosenberg, Tina, 158
Route 128 corridor, 14–15, 18, 20, 22, 34, 42, 57, 68–70, 92, 155
The Rowlatt Acts, 105, 108
Rowling, J. K., 67
Ruslana, 35
Russia, 27, 52–53
Ruvinsky, Eddie, 180
Sabotage Act, 175
SACP (South African Communist Party), 171, 173
Saddleback Church, 22, 149, 152, 167, 185, 233
SAIC (South African Indian Congress), 171
St. Petersburg Academy, 53
Salesmen, 74, 77–78
Salt, 98–99, 108–111, 113, 116
Same-sex marriage, 118, 177, 203, 215, 228
Sanders, Bernie, 179, 200
Santelli, Rick, 152
SASO (South African Students’ Organisation), 175
Satyagraha, 41, 100–103, 105, 107–110, 127, 139, 185, 228
Satyagraha Sabha, 106–107
Saxenian, AnnaLee, xii–xiii, 13, 150–151
SBU (Ukrainian security service), 134
Scaling Up Excellence (Sutton and Rao), 181
School for Change Agents, 199
Schwerpunkt strategy, 210–211
SCLC (see Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
Self-organizing cascades, 34–37
7-Eleven, 5
Shabunin, Vitaliy, 223–226
Shared consciousness, 111–114, 116, 172, 185–187
Shared purpose, 111–114, 116
Shared values, 220–221
Sharpeville massacre, 173
Shepherd, Nick, 9
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 31
Shukla, Raj Kumar, 103
Shymkiv, Dmytro, 222
Silicon Valley:
and networks, 155
and Route 128 corridor, 14–16, 18, 20, 57, 235
AnnaLee Saxenian on, 150–151
success of, 22, 68–70, 79, 91, 92
Simon Commission, 107–108
Sisi, Abdel Fattah el-, 215
Sisulu, Walter, 169–171, 173
Sit-ins, 139–146, 211
Six degrees of separation, 50, 61, 78
Six Degrees of Separation (Guare), 47
Skocpol, Theda, 152
“Slacktivism,” 202
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 154–155
Sloan, Alfred, 16
Slovo, Joe, 173
Small-world networks, 60–65, 149, 154
Small-world phenomenon, 51–52, 58, 78
Smuts, Jan Christiaan, 102, 127–128, 170
SNCC (see Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)
Social media, 125, 126, 202–203 (See also specific platforms, e.g.: Facebook)
Solidarity movement, 189–196
Sommer, Susan, 204
Soros, George, 223
The Soul of America (Meacham), 220
The Sound of Music (Rodgers and Hammerstein), 153
South Africa, 99–101, 103, 105, 148, 156, 169–170, 176, 206
South African Communist Party (SACP), 171, 173
South African Indian Congress (SAIC), 171
South African Students’ Organisation (SASO), 175
South Ossetia, 27
South Pacific (Rodgers and Hammerstein), 153
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 124, 167, 177
Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 147
Soviet Union, 29
S&P 500, 18
Special Forces, U.S., 10–12, 111, 113, 206
Spectrum of Allies:
and John Boyd, 134, 135
importance of, 126–132, 211, 212, 232
isolating your, 200–201
of Nashville Student Movement, 143–144, 146
of Occupy Wall Street movement, 154
of Otpor movement, 161
for same-sex marriage, 204
and shared values, 185–187
“Spinney Report,” 134
Spiro, Janet, 153
“Stack of business processes,” 115
Stahlman, James, 143–144
Stalin, Iosif, 29
Stanford University, xii, 151, 181
The Statesman, 99
STEM, xiii, 22, 98, 165, 209, 218
Stephan, Maria, 196–198, 209
Strategic social location, 77
“Strength of weak ties,” 60, 65, 82, 84
Strikes, 191–194
Strogatz, Steven, 47, 49, 61, 65, 154
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 124, 146, 167, 177, 233
Suffragists, 182
Suggestion, 80–81
Sunden, Jed, xi–xiii, 30, 32
Sunni uprising (Iraq), 22
Support (see Pillars of Support)
Surviving victory, 213–226, 235–236
and becoming the change you want to see, 217–220
as commitment to shared values, 220–221
and dangers of victory, 215–216
and ongoing struggles, 221–226
Sutton, Robert, 181
Sych, Vitaliy, 33, 213–214, 221–222, 226
Taco Bell, 6, 86
Tagore, Rabindranath, 98
@TahrirSupplies, 202
Tambo, Oliver, 169–170
Tea Party, 43, 69, 152–153, 210
Team of Teams (McChrystal), 111
Technology, and movements, 125, 126
Tennessean, 144
Threshold model:
of cascades, 85–86, 88, 90
of collective behavior, 82–83
Time magazine, 109, 134
The Tipping Point (Gladwell), 74, 75
Tolstoy, Leo, 70
Total Access initiative, 9, 216
Toys “R” Us, 7, 86–87
Transparency International, 224
Triadic closure, 58
Truman, Harry, 137
Trump, Donald, 38, 43, 44, 116, 126, 170, 215
Truth force (see Satyagraha)
Tufekci, Zeynep, 202
Twitter, 78, 202
Twitter and Tear Gas (Tufekci), 202
Two Step Flow Communication Model, 75–77
Tyabji, Abbas, 109–110
Tymoshenko, Yulia, 29–31, 35, 37–39, 214–215, 226, 235
Ukrainian security service (SBU), 134
Ukrainska Pravda (Ukrainian Truth), 30
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), 173–176
Under Armour, 207
United Party (South Africa), 170
United Way, 17
University Hospital Leicester, 198–199
University of Belgrade, 156, 162, 217
University of California, Berkeley, xiii, 151
University of Chicago, 58
University of Michigan, 18
University of Oxford, 165
“Untouchables,” 102, 103, 107, 167, 205
USAID, 223
Uzzi, Brian, 153
Vakarchuk, Slava, 35
Value chains, 17
Values, 169–187, 227–236
of Stephen Biko, 175–177
indoctrinating genomes of, 233–234
keystone change(s), 230–231
making a plan, 232
of Nelson Mandela, 169–175
network(s), 232–233
personification of, 76
platform(s), 234
and reactions to change, 227–229
as rules for adaptation, 177–185
shared, 220–221
and shared consciousness, 185–187
of successful movements, 229–230
surviving victory, 217–218, 235–236
training to internalize, 179–182
tying change to, 182–185
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 16
Vanderbilt University, 146
Viacom, 7, 8
Victory, surviving (see Surviving victory)
Victory phase, 212
Vietnam War, 156
“Vision of tomorrow,” 161, 171, 178
Voice of America, 193
Volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), 42
Voting rights, for women, 98, 118, 120, 182
Walentynowicz, Anna, 192–193
Walesa, Lech, 27, 193–194, 220, 228
Walking protests, 195
Walking with the Wind (Lewis), 121
Wang Laboratories, 14
Warren, Rick, 22, 147–150, 167, 185, 233
Warsaw University, 190
Watts, Duncan:
on dynamics of cascades, 90
on influential people, 74
on information cascades, 73
on networks, 49–50
and phase transition, 57–58
and power relationships, 154
and small-world networks, 60–67, 181
and small-world phenomenon, 52
West, Ben, 143, 145
White, Micah, 2
Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance (Gerstner), 114–115
Wilkins, Roy, 124, 167
Williamson, Vanessa, 152
Willis, Bruce, 153
Wilson, Woodrow, 182
The Wilson Quarterly (Rid), 43
Wladawsky-Berger, Irving, 115, 219
Women’s suffrage movement, 118, 231
Woolworth’s shop, 141
Workers Defense Committee (KOR), 191, 193
World War I, 105
World War II, 13, 29, 160, 170
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, 118–119, 121, 166, 167, 183, 209, 231
Yanukovych, Oleksandr, 39
Yanukovych, Viktor, 67, 78, 144
and Leonid Kuchma, 32
and Orange Revolution, 235
political rebirth of, 214–215, 228
as president of Ukraine, 38–41, 222, 226
public opinion of, 129–130
Young, Whitney, Jr., 124, 167
YouTube, 40
Yushchenko, Viktor:
failures of, 227–228
and Orange Revolution, 34, 37–38, 235
as president of Ukraine, 214, 222, 226
as prime minister of Ukraine, 29, 31
Zajedno, 158–159, 215
Zuccotti Park (New York City), 1–2, 20, 90, 136, 200, 202
Zuckerberg, Mark, 18
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Greg Satell (Gladwyne, PA) is a popular writer, speaker, innovation advisor, and one of today’s most recognized experts on transformational change. Previously, as co-CEO of KP Media, a $100 million enterprise, he managed a portfolio of Ukrainian media brands, including Kyiv Post and Korrespondent, two news organizations that played pivotal roles in the Orange Revolution.