Dive! World War II Stories of Sailors & Submarines in the Pacific
Page 23
Cover illustration by Mike Heath.
For your reference, the page numbers that appear in the print version of this book are listed below. They do not match the page numbers in your eBook. Please use the “Search” function on your eReading device to find terms of interest. Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations as they appear in the print version of the book.
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Admiralty Islands, 292
African American submariners, 139, 144–47
Alden, John D., 42
Allied powers, 20, 24
Ancient Order of the Deep, 112–13
appendectomy on Seadragon, 276–77
Asiatic Fleet of US Navy
base of, in Australia, 81
base of, in Philippines, 29, 57–58
and Canopus tender, 57–58
commanders of, 118, 309, 310 (see also Hart, Thomas; Lockwood, Charles A., Jr.; Wilkes, John)
and evacuation of Philippines, 72–75
lost submarines, 155–56, 165
and news of Pearl Harbor, 29–31
organization of, 78
and Pacific Fleet, 79
responsibilities of ships in, 43, 44
size of fleet, 24, 307
and skippers’ performances, 119, 126
stress endured by submariners, 119–20, 126
and supplying of submarines, 79
withdrawal of submarines to Australia, 174
Atlantic Fleet, 23–24
atomic bombs, 298
Australia
and Allied powers, 24
as headquarters of Asiatic submarines, 81
hotels leased in, for submariners, 120
support facilities for submarines in, 75, 77, 79
aviators rescued by submarines, 269–72, 273–75, 282, 292, 302
Axis powers, 20, 24
B-17 bombers (Flying Fortresses), 46
ballast tanks, 187, 188–89
Bataan, xiv
Bataan Death March, 108
defense of, 89, 95–96
invasion of, 84
news from, 72
and nurses, 97–99, 115
soldiers stranded on, 105, 106–7, 108
Battenfield, Bill, 257–58
battery power of submarines, 45–46
Battle of the Atlantic, 25
Battle of the Bismark Sea, 238
Battle of the Coral Sea, 174
Battle of Guadalcanal, 175
Battle of the Java Sea, 174
Battle of Leyte Gulf, 293
Battle of Midway, 132–33, 136, 175
Battle of the Philippine Sea, 293
battleships, 42
Beach, Edward L. “Ned”
on Bureau of Ordnance, 122
on claustrophobia, 241
and destroyers’ pursuit of Trigger, 149–54
and first contact with enemy ship, 137–39, 142–43
on grieving lost boats, 157
and ice-cream maker, 246–47
and loss of Trigger, 155–56
on O’Kane as POW, 280
postwar career of, 156
and preparing for departure, 130, 132
on protocols for control of ship, 140–41
running Trigger aground, 133–36
and success of Trigger, 152
training of, 129–30
on Wahoo, 236
Beliel, Clarence “Don Bell,” 50–51
Benson, Roy, 137, 138, 142
Black Submariners in the United States Navy, 1940–1975 (Knoblock), 147
Blair, Clay
on Australia as submarine base, 79
on Buyo Maru incident, 223
on Cavite Naval Station attack, 47
on evacuation of Philippines, 73
on Hell Cats operation, 286
on ineffective skippers, 216–17
on Japan’s advance, 52
on O’Kane, 300
on torpedoes, 82
on Warder’s command of Seawolf, 159
Bliss, Raymond W., 108
blockades, 76
Brice, James, 270
Brown, Jeweldeen, 67
Buckley, Jim, 206
Bureau of Ordnance, 122, 123
Buyo Maru incident, 219–23, 221
Canada, 24
Carter, James Edward, 205
casualty rate among submarines, 307
Cavite Naval Station in the Philippines, xiv
attack on, 47–49, 50–51, 51, 80
and capture of Don Bell, 50–51
casualties of, 51
and news of Pearl Harbor, 29
prior to attack, 28
and the Seawolf, 43, 54
Chief of Naval Operations, 2
China, xiv, 27
Christmas, 69–71, 98
Clarey, Bernard A., 1
Clark Field in Philippines, 46, 80
classes of submarines, 41–42
claustrophobia, 241
code breakers, 238, 269, 280
Coe, James, 121–22, 123
conn (term), 138, 140–41
Connor, Michael, 116–17
control room on submarines, 35–36, 188, 202
cooks, 181–82. See also food and cooking on submarines
Corregidor (“the Rock”), xiv
antiaircraft guns of, 88–89, 90
and Canopus tender, 73
evacuation of, 99, 103
headquarters on, 72, 81
invasion of, 84
news from, 72
nurses on, 99–100, 101, 101–2
recapture of, 302
resupply missions to, 84–91, 92, 162
soldiers stranded on, 84, 95, 105
surrender of, 105
tunnels of, 89, 96
crew, importance of, 130
Cutter, Slade, 148, 300, 314, 315
Darwin, Australia, 75
Davao Gulf, 159–61, 166
Dealey, Samuel, 315
depth-charge attacks
against Bonefish, 291
against Seawolf, 66–67, 162
against Tang, 264, 267
against Trigger, 148, 150–51
against Wahoo, 210, 233
depth control of submarines, 188
depth gauges of submarines, 263
Deragon (lieutenant), 62, 161
destroyers
antisubmarine weapons of, 60
and Corregidor resupply mission, 87
and Seawolf, 60–61, 64, 66–67, 124–25
and Tang, 259–64, 266–68
and Trigger, 148–54
and Wahoo, 206–10, 211–13
displacement calculations, 167–68
dives
depth and angle of, 188
description of, 189
and submerged state of submarines, 45–46
technical aspects of, 187–89
divisions of fleets, 78
dogs on submarines, 250, 251–56, 252
down-the-throat shots, 207
dynamite for destroying equipment, 75–76
Eckberg, Joseph Melvin
and Cavite attack, 50
and Christmas, 69–71
clothing of, 37
and Corregidor resupply mission, 84, 88–89
and Davao Harbor patrol, 159–61
and evacuation of Philippines, 75
family of, 39–40, 43, 45, 69–70, 76, 161–62, 164
first patrol of, 43
and journalists, 164–65
life after Seawolf, 164–65
moving into the Seawolf, 37
and nighttime surfacing, 58
and Pearl Harbor attack, 28–31
radio and sound duties of, 34–35, 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 75, 163
return to Pearl Harbor, 162–63
and test dive, 37–39
on torpedoes, 64–65
See also USS Seawolf
Edge, Lawrence Lott, 287–88, 290, 309
English, Robert “
Bob,” 133, 174, 175, 238, 309
equator, crossing, 112–13
eternal patrol, 305, 306. See also lost submarines
exercise on submarines, 230–31
Far East Air Force at Clark Field, 80
feminine personas of boats, 42
Fenno, Frank W., 92–93
Ferrall, Pete, 276
Fife, James “Jimmy,” 73, 76, 123
“The First War Patrol” (poem), 82
Flanagan, Hank, 266
The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Alden), 42
Fluckey, Eugene, 315
Flying Fortress heavy bombers (B-17s), 46
FM sonar gear, 283, 286
food and cooking on submarines, 71
for Christmas, 70–71
and evacuation of nurses, 104
and surfacing of submarines, 58
Ford Island Naval Air Station, 14, 17–19, 21, 22, 309
Formosa (now Taiwan), 43
France, 20, 24
Frank, Gerold, 164–65
Franz, Frank, 64
Frazee, Murray “Fraz,” 260, 268, 278, 280
freighters, 138, 159, 161, 259–61
Galvani, William, 254–55
Gato class boats, 41–42
Germany
and Axis powers, 24
establishment of Tripartite Pact, 20
and strategy of US, 25
submarine fleet of (U-boats), 24
surrender of, 288
and US declaration of war, 2, 23
Gleason, Bill, 251–54
gold bars on the USS Trout, 92–93
Great Britain
and Allied powers, 20, 24
and supply lines, 24
troops’ retreat to Singapore, 52
and war plan of Japan, 26
Grider, George
on being in command, 240
and Buyo Maru incident, 219, 220
and Kennedy in command, 172
on lighting explosives, 248–49
and Morton, 176, 178, 196–97, 201–2, 233, 236
Grider, George (continued)
on Pearl Harbor’s effect on strategies, 216
and periscope incident, 202
reassignment of, 226–27
on return of Wahoo, 223
and risk taking, 196–97
ships sunk by, 314
War Fish, 248, 249
and Wewak Harbor chart, 227–28
and Wewak Harbor mission, 190, 192–93, 201, 203–4, 205, 207–10, 211–12
See also USS Wahoo
grieving lost boats, 157
Griffith, Walter, 187
Guam, 80, 292, 293
Harding, Warren G., 17–19
Harlfinger, Fritz, 148, 149–50, 153, 314
Hart, Thomas
and assignments for Asiatic Fleet, 43
as commander of Asiatic Fleet, 309
and evacuation of Philippines, 72–75
and naval base at Surabaya, Java, 81
and news of Pearl Harbor, 30–31
Harusame destroyer (Japan), 211–13, 212
Hawai’i, xv, 5, 6, 108, 132, 237
heads (toilets) on submarines, 109, 110–11
Heath, Jack, 270
Hellcats, 283, 284–85, 286–88
Henderson, Hank, 205, 208
Historic Naval Ships Association (HNSA), 308
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (Morison), 26–27
Hitler, Adolf, 302
Holden, Richard, 60, 85
Hong Kong, 52, 80
Horan, James D., 164–65
hull numbering on submarines, 42
Hunter, Delville “Moose,” 199
Hunter, Samuel Howard, Jr., 47
Hurt, Dave, 53
Hydeman, Earl, 286
ice-cream makers on submarines, 244–45, 246–47
Imperial Japanese Navy
admiral of (see Yamamoto, Isoroku)
advantages of, 22–23
fleet of, 22
and Pearl Harbor attack, 22
submarines of, 22
US Navy’s defeat of, 293
Indian prisoners of war, 222
Italy, 2, 20, 23, 24
Jacobs, Tyrell Dwight, 121
Japan, xiv
and atomic bombs, 298, 303
and Axis powers, 24
casualties of, 308
and Cavite Naval Station attack, 47–49
control of air in Philippines, 46
and end of war, 298–301
establishment of Tripartite Pact, 20
military leadership of (see Yamamoto, Isoroku)
and Pearl Harbor attack, 2, 3, 4, 7–15, 10–11, 13, 80
shipping and supply lines of, 22, 23, 44, 79, 308
and strategy of US, 25
surrender of, 303
US bombing of, 302
and US declaration of war, 2, 23, 80
war plan of, 26–27
Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee (JANAC), 314
Jopling, Dan, 115
Keeter, Dalton “Bird Dog,” 192, 225
Kennedy, Marvin “Pinky,” 171–72, 173, 216, 314
Killin, A. J., 47, 49–50
Kimmel, Husband E., 7–8
Kinsella, Bill, 270
Kossler, Herman, 298
Krause, Fertig, 215, 219
La Pérouse Strait, 283, 289
Latham, Richard, 286
laundry on submarines, 87
Lewis, Jack Hayden, 133
Lewis, “Shaky Jake,” 255
Leyte Gulf, 293
Lindhe, Leslie, 214
Lingayen Gulf, 302
Lipes, Wheeler B., 276–77
Lockwood, Charles A., Jr., 118
and appendectomy on Seadragon, 276–77
as commander of subs for Asiatic Fleet, 114, 118–19, 309
as commander of subs for Pacific Fleet, 229, 238, 309
command of, in Freemantle, Australia, 174
command of, in Guam, 282
on end of war, 296
and loss of Wahoo, 233
and nurses evacuated from Corregidor, 114
and O’Kane’s time as POW, 300
and Operation Barney, 282, 283
on pilot rescues, 269–70
and Sea of Japan campaign, 238
and skippers, 119
and stress of submariners, 119–20
and torpedo malfunctions, 121, 122, 309
and torpedo testing, 123, 126, 175
and USS Trigger, 148
logbooks on submarines, 308
lost submarines
and casualty rate, 307
and “eternal patrol,” 305, 306
total number of, 307
USS Bonefish, 287–91
USS Bullhead, 187–88
USS Cisco, 227
USS Sealion, 73, 306
USS Seawolf, 165
USS Tang, 279–80
USS Trigger, 155–56
USS Wahoo, 233, 238, 243, 282, 283
Luau (mascot on USS Spadefish), 255–56, 286, 309Lutich, Louis, 100
Luzon, Philippines, 58–59, 72, 293, 302
Luzon Strait, 79
MacArthur, Douglas
commands of, 29, 309
and evacuation of Philippines, 72, 95
and Far East Air Force at Clark Field, 80
and Flying Fortress bombers (B-17s), 46
headquarters moved to Corregidor, 81
invasion of Mindoro, 293
and liberation of Philippines, 293
and New Guinea, 292
on peacetime, 301
and surrender of Corregidor, 105
and Wainwright, 299
malaria, 98–99
Malaya, 22, 26–27, 52, 80
Manila, Philippines, xiv, 97–98, 174
Manila Bay
and Canopus tender, 57–58, 73
and Corregidor resupply mission, 88
enemy planes in, 74
and evac
uation of Philippines, 73, 74
Japan’s bombing of, 73, 81
and Japan’s control of air, 46
Mare Island Navy Yard, 79, 163
Mariana Islands, xiv, 148, 259–64, 292
Marshall Islands, 238, 292
mascots on submarines, 250, 251–56, 252
Matthews, Martin, 5–15, 309
Medal of Honor, 307
medical emergencies on submarines, 276–77
Mendenhall, Corwin, 304
merchant marine casualties, 308. See also shipping and supply lines
messrooms on submarines, 181
Midway
battle of, 132–33, 136
submarine base at, 175
and USS Tang, 268–69
and USS Trigger, 132–36
Miller, Doris “Dorie,” 144, 145, 147
minefields, 282–83, 286
Misch, George, 184, 186
Momsen lungs, 280, 281
morale
of Americans, 22, 23
of submariners, 119–20, 255
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 26–27, 108, 132
Morton, Dudley “Mush,” 197
attack strategies of, 201, 203–4, 216, 223, 226
background of, 178
and Buyo Maru incident, 219–23, 221
in command, 172, 173, 226
fame of, 225
and Grider, 176, 178, 196–97, 201–2, 233, 236
innovations of, 178–81, 184, 214
leadership style of, 178–83, 201–2, 214
and loss of Wahoo, 283
and O’Kane, 172, 178–80, 179, 201, 225, 228, 240
and patrol report, 225
personality of, 176
risk taking of, 196–97
in Sea of Japan, 229, 231, 233
ships sunk by, 211–13, 237, 300, 314, 315
and Sterling, 172, 230–32
and stranded fishermen, 219
successes of, 223