Dive! World War II Stories of Sailors & Submarines in the Pacific
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and torpedo malfunctions, 229
and Wewak Harbor mission, 190–93, 196–97, 203–4, 206–10, 211–13, 215
See also USS Wahoo
Morton-O’Kane technique, 179, 226
motivations of submariners, 287–88
Murray, Stuart “Sunshine,” 73
names of submarines, 42
Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 175
Naval Cross, 144, 145, 147
Netherlands East Indies, 22
New Britain, Japanese base on, 174, 182
New Guinea, 182
New York Times, 2
New Zealand, 24, 27
nighttime surfacing of submarines, 58
Nimitz, Chester, 132, 233, 270, 283, 298, 309
Noonan, Jennifer, 116
nurses, 97–102, 104–5, 108–9
Office of Naval Records and History, 32
officer of the deck (OOD), 141, 142
O’Kane, Richard “Dick”
attack strategies of, 216, 226
aviators rescued by, 271–72, 273, 275
and Buyo Maru incident, 220, 221
and command of Tang, 243–45, 259–64, 265–68, 278–80
and dive times, 185
and Grider, 233, 236
and improvements on Tang, 244
and Kennedy in command, 171–72
and loss of Tang, 279–80
and loss of Wahoo, 243
and Morton, 172, 178–80, 179, 201, 225, 228, 240
and Navy Cross, 225
and patrol report, 225–26
and periscope incident, 202
as prisoner of war, 280, 299
rest of, 215
return to open sea, 214–15
ships sunk by, 300, 314, 315
on stranded fishermen, 218–19
temper of, 171
and unexpected dive, 265–68
and Wewak Harbor mission, 190, 192, 196–97, 201–3, 205–10, 211, 215
See also USS Tang; USS Wahoo
Okinawa, Japan, 303
Operation Barney, 282–83, 286–88, 310
Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, Portland, xii
Overdue and Presumed Lost (Sheridan), 188
Pacific, map of, xiv–xv
Pacific Fleet of US Navy, 307, 26–27
and Asiatic Fleet, 79
and attack strategies, 216
aviators rescued by, 269–72, 282
commanders of, 133 (see also English, Robert “Bob”; Kimmel, Husband E.; Lockwood, Charles A., Jr.; Nimitz, Chester)
lost submarines, 187–88, 227, 233, 238
organization of, 78
and Pearl Harbor, 216
responsibilities of ships in, 44
size of fleet, 24, 307
and torpedo malfunctions, 122, 229
and Yamamoto, 132
Paine, Roger, 236
Papua New Guinea, 238
Parks, Bill, 251–54
P class (Porpoise class) of submarines, 41
Pearl Harbor
attack on, 2, 3, 4, 7–15, 10–11, 13, 80
casualties of, 12, 18, 19, 22
effect of, on skippers’ tactics, 216
and Ford Island Naval Air Station, 14, 17–19, 21, 22
on map, xv
and Miller’s Naval Cross, 144, 145, 147
and morale of Americans, 22, 23
news of, 29–31, 40
post-attack state of, 162–63
and rescue efforts, 15, 17
and Roosevelt’s address to Congress, 2
and search for survivors, 15
Seawolf’s return to, 162–63
submarines and submarine base at, 23, 24, 307
and USS Arizona, 3, 5–9, 10–11, 12
and USS California, 16, 17–19
Wahoo’s return to, 223
Yamamoto’s goals for, 8, 13, 20
Penny (mascot of USS Gurnard), 251–54, 310
periscopes of submarines
and false alarms, 85, 87
function and use of, 62–63
low/high power incident with, 202
and Morton-O’Kane technique, 179–80, 226
pharmacist’s mates, 276–77
Philippines, xiv
American military bases in, 20, 22, 29
Clark Field in, 46, 80
and Corregidor resupply mission, 84
crew remaining to defend, 43
dangerous waters of, 45
evacuation of, 72–75, 81, 95
inability of US to defend, 108
Japanese air control of, 46
Japan’s invasion of, 80
Japan’s occupation of, 105, 108
and news of Pearl Harbor, 28–31
Seawolf in waters of, 58–59, 60–67
and supplying of submarines, 79
and war plan of Japan, 26
See also Cavite Naval Station in the Philippines
pilots rescued by submarines, 269–72, 273–75, 292, 302
Plantz, Ernie, 47–48, 53
Poland, 24
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, 33
Prange, Gordon, 20
Presidential Unit Citation, 50
prisoners of war (POW) camps
of Bataan, 106–7
and Buyo Maru incident, 222
and end of war, 299–300
evacuation of, 300
nurses, 99, 100
and Plantz, 53
and soldiers left in Philippines, 74–75
from the Tang, 280
racial discrimination, 144
rat on USS Pogy, 257–58
Rector, Darrel “Dean,” 276–77
refueling and refitting of submarines, 74, 75
Riley, Jim, 29–30
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
and Corregidor resupply mission, 84
and evacuation of Philippines, 95
and Fenno, 93
and Morison’s war history, 26
and nurses, 108
and Pearl Harbor attack, 2
Roscoe, Theodore
on courage of submariners, 296
on Morton, 176
on Sea of Japan, 282–83
on Seawolf, 165–66
on submarines leaving Manila, 57
on tenders, 78–79
on war strategy of the US, 24–25
Rowls, John, 199, 213
Royal, Anderson Peter “A. P.,” 146–47
Royal Court of King Neptune, 112–13
Run Silent, Run Deep (Beach), 156, 309
Sackett, E. L., 94, 96, 101–2
safety factors on submarines, 188
Saipan, 149, 292
Salmon class boats, 41
Sands, E. T. “Gene,” 229
San Francisco Maritime National Park Association, xiii
scuttling (sinking) ships, 96–97
Sea of Japan, 229, 231, 233, 238, 282–83
Secard, Ed, 155
segregation, 144, 146
Shapley, Alan, 7
Sheridan, Martin, 187–89
shipping and supply lines
defense of, 24
importance of, to Japan, 308
and merchant marine casualties, 308
and Pearl Harbor attack, 22
submarines’ ability to disrupt, 23, 24, 44, 79, 269
and USS Trigger, 149
and USS Wahoo, 182, 226
ships sunk by submarines
first and last ships sunk by US, 306
in Operation Barney, 286–87
ranked by skippers, 315
ranked by war patrols, 315
and tonnage calculations, 167–68
top performances, 314
total number of, 308
by USS Seawolf, 124–25, 159, 161, 165–66, 314
by USS Spadefish, 314, 315
by USS Tang, 259–64, 268, 278–79, 292, 300, 314, 315
by USS Trigger, 152, 157, 157–58, 314
by USS Wahoo, 233, 234–35, 237, 300, 314, 315
&n
bsp; showers on submarines, 109
Siam, 80
Sieglaff, William Bernard “Barney,” 282, 310
silence on submarines, 152, 205
Silversides (Trumbull), 147
Sincavich, John “Stinky,” 246–47
Singapore, 20, 174
skippers of submarines
African Americans as, 146
aggressive, 269 (see also Morton, Dudley “Mush”; O’Kane, Richard “Dick”)
ineffective, 119, 126, 174, 216–17
and Medal of Honor, 307
total number of, 307
sleeping quarters on submarines, 55, 86, 105
Solomon Islands, 175
sonar equipment, 283, 286
souls of ships, 130
South Africa, 24
Soviet Union, 24
Springer, Frank, 278, 279
squadrons, 78
Stassen, Harold, 300
Sterling, Forest J. “Yeo”
and Buyo Maru incident, 222
and dives, 184–85, 186
and leadership of Morton, 172, 180–81, 182–83, 209
leaving the Wahoo, 231–32
and patrol report, 225
and stenography school, 229–30, 231–32
and Wahoo’s last departure, 232
and watches, 183, 184, 215
and Wewak Harbor mission, 199–200, 205–6, 209
at the wheel, 183
See also USS Wahoo
stowaways, 250, 251–56, 252, 257–58
stress endured by submariners, 119–20, 126, 152
Submarine War Reports, 308
submerged state of submarines, 45–46. See also dives
Surabaya, Java, naval base at, 81
Syverson, Donald, 68
Tambor class boats, 41
tankers, 259–64
targets of submarines, 61
tenders
Seawolf’s attack on, 64–67, 120–21
for submarines, 42, 78–79
as valuable target, 61
toilets on submarines, 109, 110–11
Tojo, Hideki, 310
tonnage (term), 167–68
torpedo data computers (TDC), 206
torpedoes
and Bureau of Ordnance, 122, 123
complaints about, 120–22
and down-the-throat shots, 207
improvements in, 269
loading, 64
malfunctions of, 68, 120–22, 174, 229, 309
and Morton-O’Kane technique, 180
and Seawolf’s attack on seaplane tender, 120–21
shortage of, 119
and sleeping quarters, 86
testing, 123, 126
and tonnage calculations, 168
total number fired, 307
Truk Lagoon, 270, 292
Tsugaru Strait, 283
Tulagi, Japanese occupation of, 174
Tunny, Gene, 230–31
Tzomes, C. A. “Pete,” 146, 147
Underwood, Gordon, 255, 314
United States, 20, 23, 24, 80
US Congress, 2, 23
US Department of the Navy, 25, 32
US Navy
fleet of, 22, 307
Imperial Japanese Navy defeated by, 293
morale of, 22
and orders from Navy Department, 25
and Pearl Harbor attack, 8, 13, 20, 22
and Presidential Unit Citation, 50
submarines of, 22
and two-ocean war, 25
See also Asiatic Fleet of US Navy; Pacific Fleet of US Navy
US Navy Submarine Service, 33
USS Albacore, 293
USS Argonaut, 171–72
USS Arizona, 3, 5–9, 10–11, 12
USS Barb, 315
USS Blueback, xii
USS Bonefish, 287–91, 288, 290, 306, 309
USS Bowfin, 237
USS Bullhead, 187–88, 306
USS California, 16, 17–19
USS Canopus tender
in Corregidor, 73, 74
and evacuation of Philippines, 73
function and use of, 78–79
launching of, 97
and news of Pearl Harbor, 30
scuttling (sinking) of, 96–97
submarine fleet of, 94
USS Cavalla, 293, 298
USS Cisco, 227
USS Crevalle, 286
USS Dace, 293
USS Darter, 293
USS Diablo, 42
USS Dragonet, 146–47
USS Flasher, 216, 248–49, 314, 315
USS Gar, 255
USS Guardfish, 314
USS Gurnard, 251–54, 310
USS Harder, 315
USS Holland, 42, 75, 282
USS Houston, 147
USS Lea, 129
USS Missouri, 297, 301, 303
USS Oklahoma, 8
USS Otus, 75
USS Pampanito, xiii
USS Pecos, 43
USS Pennsylvania, 6
USS Perch, 47–49, 53
USS Perry, 103
USS Pigeon, 49–50
USS Pogy, 257–58
USS Pollack, 227, 233
USS Rasher, 314
USS Ray, 270
USS Sargo, 121
USS Sawfish, 229
USS Sculpin, 43
USS Sea Dog, 286
USS Seadragon, 30, 46–47, 49–50, 276–77
USS Seahorse, 148, 314, 315
USS Sealion
and Cavite Naval Station attack, 47–49, 48, 51
loss of, 73, 306
maintenance of, 30, 46–47
USS Searaven, 292
USS Seawolf, 32, 33–40
battle flag of, 166
and Cavite Naval Station, 43, 54
Christmas on, 69–71
construction of, 33–34
control room of, 35–37, 36
and Corregidor resupply mission, 84–91, 162
crew of, 35
and crew reassignments, 163–64
and Davao Harbor patrol, 159–61
and depth-charge attacks, 162
destroyer’s pursuit of, 66–67
and directive from headquarters, 44–45
and evacuation of Philippines, 75–76
familiarity of crew with, 163–64
and fish noises, 54, 56
loss of, 165
maintenance of, 29, 30
and news of Pearl Harbor, 40
nighttime surfacing of, 58
number assigned to, 42
periscope observations of, 62–63, 65
refueling and refitting of, 75
return to Pearl Harbor, 162–63
seaplane tender attack of, 64–67, 120
ships sunk by, 124–25, 159, 161, 165–66, 314
skipper of (see Warder, Frederick “Fearless Freddie”)
sophistication of, 35
sound equipment of, 34–35, 37, 54, 56
surfacing to recharge batteries, 45–46
test dive of, 37–39, 38
torpedoes of, 65–68, 120–21
See also Eckberg, Joseph Melvin
USS Shark, 74
USS Silversides, 314
USS Skate, 286
USS Skipjack, 121, 292
USS Spadefish, 284–85
and Luau (mascot), 255–56, 309
and mine detection sonar, 283
and Operation Barney, 286
ships sunk by, 314, 315
USS Spearfish
and Ancient Order of the Deep, 112–13
and evacuation of Corregidor, 101–2, 103
and nurses, 104–5, 108–9, 112–15
war report of, 103
USS Squalus (later Sailfish), 38
USS Sunfish, 292
USS Swordfish, 68, 306
USS Tang
aviators rescued by, 269–72, 273–75
construction of, 242
escape from, 280, 281
ice-cream maker and baking oven on, 244,
272
loss of, 279–80
O’Kane’s command of, 243–45
repairs of, 268, 269
ships sunk by, 259–64, 268, 278–79, 292, 300, 314, 315
torpedoes of, 278, 279
unexpected dive of, 265–68
See also O’Kane, Richard “Dick”
USS Tautog, 314
USS Tennessee, 244
USS Tinosa, 283, 284–85
USS Tirante, 154–55, 309
USS Torsk, 306
USS Trigger, 128, 131
African American submariner on, 146
aiding the Seahorse, 148
bridge of, 138
damage sustained by, 154
and depth-charge attacks, 148, 150–51, 154
destroyers’ pursuit of, 148–54
first contact with enemy ship, 137–39, 142–43
and ice-cream maker, 246–47
loss of, 155–56
and preparing for departure, 130, 132
running aground, 132–36
ships sunk by, 152, 157, 157–58, 314
skippers of, 133, 137
and surrender option, 153
Wilson’s service on, 154–55, 310
See also Beach, Edward L. “Ned”
USS Trigger II, 156
USS Trout, 67, 92–93
USS Wahoo, 170, 177
almost running aground, 202
and attacks on enemy ships, 171–72
and Buyo Maru incident, 219–23, 221
commander and officers of, 171–72, 173, 178–83, 186, 226–27, 236
crew of, 180–81
departure from Pearl Harbor, 173
and depth-charge attacks, 210, 233
dive times, 184–85, 186
fame of, 225
innovations on, 178–81, 184, 214
loss of, 233, 238, 243, 282, 283
memorial ceremony for, 237
morale of crew, 173
and Navy Cross awards, 225
and patrol report, 225
return to Pearl Harbor, 223, 224, 225
in Sea of Japan, 229, 231, 233
search for Wewak Harbor, 225
USS Wahoo (continued)
ships sunk by, 233, 234–35, 237, 300, 314, 315
and stranded fishermen, 218, 218–19
successes of, 223, 226
and torpedo malfunctions, 229
watches on, 181–82
and Wewak Harbor mission, 190–200, 194–95, 201–4, 205–10, 211–15
wreck of, discovered, 237
See also Grider, George; Morton, Dudley “Mush”; O’Kane, Richard “Dick”; Sterling, Forest J. “Yeo”
USS West Virginia, 144
US State Department, 93
US Submarine High Command, 76
Veder, David, 184, 185, 186
Wainwright, Jonathan M., 95–96, 99, 105, 299
Wake Island, 52
Warder, Frederick “Fearless Freddie,” 34
attack on seaplane tender, 64–67
and Corregidor resupply mission, 84–85, 87, 88
and Davao Harbor patrol, 159–61, 166
departing the Seawolf, 163–64
on directive from headquarters, 44–45
distinguished service of, 119–20
first patrol of, 43
and fish noises, 54, 56
nickname of, 34, 59