The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict_A Very Short Introduction
Page 13
2004:
The International Court of Justice calls for an end to the illegal situation resulting from the wall and its associated regime. Arafat dies in a Paris hospital and Mahmoud Abbas succeeds him as president of the Palestinian Authority.
2005:
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon evacuates all settlements in the Gaza Strip.
2006:
Hamas wins Palestinian parliamentary elections.
2007:
Hamas seizes Fatah bases in Gaza Strip, taking full control of the area.
2009:
In a speech at Bar Ilan university, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for the first time endorses the establishment of a Palestinian state.
2011:
Mass Arab uprisings topple dictatorships in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, and Libya.
2012:
UN General Assembly Resolution upgrades Palestine’s status at the UN to ‘non-member state’.
References
Preface
David Ben Gurion quoted in Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000).
Shibley Telhami, The Stakes: America and the Middle East: The Consequences of Power and the Choice for Peace (Boulder: Westview Press, 2002).
Chapter 1: Ottoman Palestine 1897–1917
Ahad Ha’am quoted in Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001), pp. 42–9.
Menachem Ussishkin quoted in Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882–1914, updated edition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), p. 42.
Golda Meir quoted in James Gelvin, The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 92.
E. C. Willatts, ‘Some Geographical Factors in the Palestine Problem’ The Geographical Journal, 108/4 (1946), pp. 146–73.
Newt Gingrich quoted in ‘Palestinians are an Invented People, says Newt Gingrich’, The Guardian, 10 December 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/10/palestinians-invented-people-newt-gingrich
Theodor Herzl quoted in David W. Lesch, The Arab–Israeli Conflict: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 32.
Chapter 2: British Palestine 1917–37
George Antonius and Sir Henry McMahon quoted in Jonathan Schneer, The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab–Israeli Conflict (New York: Random House, 2010), pp. 69 and 85.
Lord Balfour quoted in Tom Segev, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2000), p. 45.
Mayir Vereté, ‘The Balfour Declaration and its Makers’, Middle Eastern Studies, 6 (1970), p. 50.
D. K. Fieldhouse, Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958 (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 155.
Elizabeth Monroe quoted in Avi Shlaim, Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations (London: Verso, 2010), p. 4.
Lord Curzon quoted in James Renton, The Zionist Masquerade: The Birth of the Anglo–Zionist Alliance 1914–1918 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 72.
Chapter 3: Palestine partitioned 1937–47
Palestine Royal Commission Report (Peel Report), Cmd. 5479 (July 1937).
Chaim Weizmann quoted in Christopher Sykes, Crossroads to Israel, 1917–1948 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973).
David Ben Gurion quoted in Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000).
Ivan Rand and George Kirk quoted in Wm Roger Louis, The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States and Postwar Imperialism (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 471.
Richard M. Graves, Experiment in Anarchy (London: Victor Gollancz, 1949), p. 132.
Edward Mortimer, ‘It’s Better Late … Palestinian rejectionism was usually justified, but always wrong’, The Financial Times, 15 September 1993, p. 24.
Chapter 4: Atzmaut and Nakba 1947–67
Plan D quoted in Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008), pp. 120–1.
Avi Shlaim, ‘Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948’, in The War for Palestine, edited by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 100.
Michael Fischbach, Jewish Property Claims against Arab Countries (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).
Tom Segev, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East, trans. Jessica Cohen (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007).
Roger Owen, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East (London, New York: Routledge, 2004), pp. 60–2.
Chapter 5: Occupation 1967–87
William Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab–Israel Conflict since 1967 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
Ian Lustick, For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988).
Bernard Wasserstein, Divided Jerusalem: The Struggle for the Holy City (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001).
Helena Cobban, The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
Chapter 6: The rise and fall of the peace process 1987–2007
F. Robert Hunter, The Palestinian Uprising: A War by Other Means (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
Glenn E. Robinson, Building a Palestinian State: The Incomplete Revolution (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).
Rabin and Arafat quoted in Tom Friedman, ‘Rabin and Arafat Seal Their Accord as Clinton Applauds “Brave Gamble” ’, New York Times, 13 September 1993, p. 1.
Robert Malley and Hussein Agha, ‘Camp David: The Tragedy of Errors,’ New York Review of Books, 48/13 (August, 2001), 59–65.
Deborah Sontag, ‘And Yet so Far: A Special Report; Quest for Mideast Peace: How and Why it Failed’, New York Times, 26 July 2001.
Sharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Final Report (The Mitchell Report), 30 April 2001, http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/rpt/3060.htm
Conclusion
‘Cairo speech’ by President Barack Obama and ‘Bar Ilan Speech’ by Prime Minster Benjamin Netanyahu can be found in The Contemporary Middle East: A Westview Reader, edited by Karl Yambert (Boulder: Westview, 2010).
Mouin Rabbani, ‘A Hamas Perspective on the Movement’s Evolving Role: An Interview with Khalid Mishal: Part II’, in Journal of Palestine Studies, 37/4 (Summer 2008), 59–81.
Nathan Brown, ‘The Palestinians’ Receding Dream of Statehood’, in Current History, 110 (December 2011), 345–51.
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert quoted in Aluf Benn, David Landau, Barak Ravid, and Shmuel Rosner, ‘Olmert to Haaretz: Two-State Solution, or Israel is Done For’, Haaretz, 29 November 2007.
Prime Minister Ehud Barak quoted in ‘Barak Breaks the Apartheid Barrier’, The Economist, 15 February 2010, http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2010/02/israel_demography_democracy_or_apartheid
Further reading
General texts
Caplan, Neil. The Israel–Palestine Conflict: Contested Histories (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East (Boulder:Westview Press, 2004).
Gelvin, James. The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Kimmerling, Baruch and Joel S. Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003).
Lesch, Ann M. Origins and Development of the Arab–Israeli Conflict, revised edition (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006).
Lesch, David W. The Arab–Israeli Conflict: A
History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
Lucas, Noah. The Modern History of Israel (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974).
Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist–Arab Conflict, 1881–2001 (New York: Vintage Books, 2001).
Owen, Roger. State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East (London, New York: Routledge, 2004).
Pappé, Ilan. A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples (Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
Rogan, Eugene. The Arabs: A History (New York: Basic Books, 2009).
Shlaim, Avi. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000).
Smith, Charles D. Palestine and the Arab–Israeli Conflict: A History with Documents (Boston, New York: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2010).
Yapp, Malcolm. The Near East since the First World War: A History to 1995, second edition (Harlow: Longman, 1996).
Chapter 1: Ottaman Palestine 1897–1917
Avineri, Shlomo. The Making of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State (New York: Basic Books, 1981).
Doumani, Beshara. Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700–1900 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).
Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997).
Owen, Roger. The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914 (London: I.B. Tauris, 1993).
Reilly, James. ‘The Peasantry of Late Ottoman Palestine’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 10/4 (Summer 1981), 82–97.
Vital, David. The Origins of Zionism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975).
Chapter 2: British Palestine 1917–37
Khalidi, Rashid. The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006).
Lesch, Ann Mosely. Arab Politics in Palestine, 1917–1939: The Frustration of a National Movement (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979).
Palestine Royal Commission Report (Peel Report), Cmd. 5479 (July 1937).
Shepherd, Naomi. Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine, 1917–1948 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2000).
Wasserstein, Bernard. The British in Palestine: The Mandatory Government and the Arab–Jewish Conflict, 1917–1929, second edition (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979).
Chapter 3: Palestine partitioned 1937–47
Cohen, Michael J. Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945–1948 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).
Hitchens, Christopher. ‘The Perils of Partition’, Atlantic Monthly, 291/2 (March 2003), 99–107.
Hurewitz, J. C. The Struggle for Palestine (New York: Greenwood Press, 1968).
Louis, Wm Roger and Robert W. Stookey, eds. The End of the Palestine Mandate (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986).
Swedenburg, Ted. Memories of Revolt: The 1936–1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995).
Chapter 4: Atzmaut and Nakba 1947–67
Benvenisti, Meron. Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948, trans. Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
Elon, Amos. The Israelis: Founders and Sons (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971).
Kanafani, Ghassan. Men in the Sun and Other Palestinian Stories, trans. Hilary Kilpatrick (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1999).
Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980).
Rogan, Eugene and Avi Shlaim, eds. The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Chapter 5: Occupation 1967–87
Horowitz, Dan and Moshe Lissak. Trouble in Utopia: The Overburdened Polity of Israel (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989).
McDowall, David. The Palestinians (London: Minority Rights Group International, 1998).
Oz, Amos. In the Land of Israel (San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1993).
Roy, Sara. The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development (Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1995).
Schiff, Ze’ev and Ehud Ya’ari. Israel’s Lebanon War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984).
Chapter 6: The rise and fall of the peace process 1987–2007
Ben-Ami, Shlomo. Scars of War, Wounds of Peace: The Israel–Arab Tragedy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
Enderlin, Charles. Shattered Dreams: The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East, 1995–2002 (New York: Other Press, 2003).
Hanieh, Akram. ‘The Camp David Papers’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 30/2 (Winter 2001), 75–97.
Hass, Amira. Drinking the Sea at Gaza: Days and Nights in Land under Seige, trans. Leana Wesley and Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999).
Mishal, Shaul and Avraham Sela. The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Coexistence (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
Index
A
Abbas, Mahmoud 101–2
Abdullah, King of Transjordan 34, 39, 60–1, 81
Achille Lauro 82
al-Aqsa Intifada 96, 99–101, 104
al-Aqsa mosque 31, 98
aliyah 4, 6, 26, 63
Amir, Yigal 95
anti-Semitism 1, 21, 26, 62
Antonius, George 17
Arab Higher Committee (AHC) 33, 36, 37, 42–3
Arab Peace Initiative 106, 108–9
Arab revolt 36, 37, 41–3, 44, 57
Arafat, Yasir 81–3, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94–5, 96, 99–100, 101
B
Balfour Declaration 18–21, 22, 23, 25, 34, 37, 43
Balfour, Lord 19
Barak, Ehud 96–7, 99, 114
Basel congress 1, 3, 5
Begin, Menachem 64, 76, 79, 84, 96
Beirut 27, 83, 106
Ben Gurion, David 6, 29, 41, 44, 61, 63–4, 76
Biltmore programme 44–5
British empire 15–17, 22–3, 25, 34, 41, 43–6, 51–2, 66
Bush, George W. 100
C
Camp David accords (1979) 75–6, 79, 91, 96
Camp David II 96–7, 98, 100, 106
Carter, Jimmy 75, 96
Churchill, Winston 35
Clinton, Bill 88, 96, 97
Curzon, Lord 34
D
Deir Yassin 57
Der Judenstaat 1
Dome of the Rock 31, 98, 99
dual obligation 25, 34
E
Egypt 16, 18, 26, 32, 55, 58, 61, 65–8, 70, 73–6, 81, 98
Eisenhower, Dwight 66
F
Fatah 81–2, 88–9, 94, 99, 101–2, 110–11
Fieldhouse, D. K. 25
First World War 4, 12, 14, 15, 23, 36, 57, 60
France 1, 15, 18, 20, 22, 63, 66
G
Gaza Strip 58, 59, 65, 69, 70–1, 75–6, 77, 79, 81, 84, 85–6, 88, 97, 101, 103, 110
General strike (1936) 33, 37
Geneva Initiative 106–7
Golan Heights 68, 70–1, 74
Graves, Richard 52
Green Line 65, 70, 77, 79, 93, 97, 109–10
Gulf War (1991) 89–90
Gush Emunim 77
H
Ha’am, Ahad 2
Haganah 29, 57, 61
Haifa 18, 33, 42, 46
Hamas 87, 88–9, 94–5, 99–100, 102–3, 104, 110–11
al-Haram al-Sharif 31, 60, 78, 98–9
Hebrew language 27
Hebron 31–2, 77, 112
Herzl, Theodor 1–4, 14, 35
Histadrut 29
Hizbullah 84
Holocaust 37, 44–9, 52, 63
Husayn, King of Jordan 73, 77, 81, 83, 88
Husayn, Saddam 90
Husayn, Sharif of Mecca 17
Husayn-McMahon correspondence 16–18, 60
al-Husayni, Hajj Amin 30–2, 44
&n
bsp; I
International Court of Justice 101, 107, 108
Intifada 53, 85, 87–90, 94
Iraq 15, 18, 25, 32, 34, 42, 55, 61, 62, 65, 89–90
Irgun Zvei Leumi (Irgun) 29, 42, 45, 57, 64
J
Jabotinsky, Vladimir 3, 29
Jaffa orange 6, 11
Jerusalem 6, 21, 23, 30, 31, 39, 45, 49, 55, 58, 60, 69, 77–9, 81, 96–7, 98, 110, 113–14
Jewish Agency 26, 30
Jewish National Fund (JNF) 5, 27
Jordan 58–60, 70, 73, 77, 81, 82–3, 88, 90
K
Karamah 81–2
keffiyeh 42, 82
Khartoum conference 73, 75, 77
khirbeh villages 9, 11
kibbutz movement 4
Kissinger, Henry 75
Knesset 63, 76, 79
Kuwait 81, 89–90
L
Labour party 79, 96
Labour Zionism 3–6, 27, 29, 79
law of return 62
Lebanon 15, 18, 55, 58, 73, 80, 82–4, 87
Lebanon war 83–4, 87
legislative assembly 25, 32, 52–3
Likud party 76, 79, 95, 98, 112
M
MacDonald letter 32
Madrid peace conference 90, 109
Magnes, Judah 29
mandate system 15, 21–3, 25, 26, 30, 32, 34
Mapai party 29, 63
Meir, Golda 12
Monroe, Elizabeth 34
Moyne, Lord 45
Munich Olympics 82
N
al-Nashashibi, Raghib bey 30
al-Nasser, Gamal Abd 61, 64–8, 73, 74, 81
Netanyahu, Benjamin 95–6, 98, 112
notable politics 9–11, 25, 27, 30–1, 32–3, 37, 42–3, 46, 53
O
Obama, Barack 106, 107
Olmert, Ehud 114
Oslo peace process 87, 90–6, 98, 100, 102, 103–5
Ottoman government 5, 9–13, 15, 25, 30
Owen, Roger 68