Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century

by Peter Watson

Buber, Martin, 436

  Buber-Neumann, Margarete, 413

  Büchner, George, 230

  Buckland, Richard, 682–3

  Budapest, 180–3

  Buffet, Bernard, 414

  Bullard, Sir Edward Crisp, 554

  Bullitt, William, 306

  Bullock, Alan, 240

  Bülow, Hans von, 356

  Bultmann, Rudolf, 576–7

  Buñuel, Luis, 409

  Burgess Shale (British Columbia), 697

  Burke, Bernard, 569

  Burnell, Jocelyn, 572

  Burnham, Daniel, 80

  Burnham, James: The Managerial Revolution, 472

  Burroughs Wellcome (company), 660

  Burroughs, William, Jr, 454–5; The Naked Lunch, 429

  Burt, Cyril, 500

  Bury, J. B.: The Idea of Progress, 245–6

  Bush, Vannevar, 396–7, 737

  Butler, E. M., 227

  Butler, Richard Austen, 386

  Butterfield, Herbert: The Whig Interpretation of History, 254

  Cabinet of Dr Caligari, The (film), 221–2

  Cage, John, 623–4, 758; 4′33”, Musiccircus, 512–15 Cahiers du cinéma (periodical), 636–7

  Caird, Edward, 384

  Cairns-Smith, A. G.: Seven Clues to the Origin of Life, 684

  Calabi, Eugenio, 744

  Calder, Alexander, 624

  California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 303

  Cambridge University, 99–100; see also

  Cavendish Laboratory

  Cambridge University Press, 102

  Camoin, Charles, 60

  Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 537

  Campbell, Roy, 99

  Campendonck, Heinrich, 302, 350

  Camus, Albert, 409, 412–15; The Plague, 415

  Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm, 315

  Cann, Rebecca, 689–90

  Cannon, Cornelia, 206

  Carava, Spain, 687

  Carnap, Rudolf, 235, 270, 306, 379, 669

  Carnarvon, George Herbert, 5th Earl of, 247–8

  Carothers, J. C., 527

  Carothers, Wallace Hume, 344

  Carr, Edward Hallett, 379

  Carson, Rachel, 581–3; Silent Spring, 581–2

  Carter, Howard, 247–8

  Carter, Jimmy, 586

  Casablanca (film), 584

  Casals, Pablo, 354

  Casement, Sir Roger, 51

  Cassady, Neal, 456

  Cassirer, Ernst, 161, 223

  Cassirer, Paul, 127

  Cassou, Jean, 336

  Castorp, Hans (fictional figure), 228–9

  Castro, Fidel, 517

  Catto, Thomas, Ist Baron, 388

  Cavalli-Sforza, Luca, 690–1

  Cavan, Ruth Shonle: Suicide, 282

  Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, England, 20, 256–7, 478–9, 507

  Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 409

  Centers for Disease Control (CDC; USA), 658

  Centre Internationale de Créations Théâtricales, Paris, 640

  Cerf, Vint, 737–8

  CERN, near Geneva, 739, 757

  Cervantes, Miguel de, 234

  Césaire, Aimé, 460

  Cézanne, Paul, 58, 61–3, 80, 127, 175

  Chabrol, Claude, 637

  Chadwick, Hector Munro, 338

  Chadwick, James, 90–1, 98, 256–7, 261–4, 393. 399

  Chadwick, Owen: The Secularisation of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century, 604–5

  Chagall, Marc, 164–5, 354

  Chain, Ernst, 367–8

  Chalmers, David, 701

  Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 43, 295

  Chamberlain, Neville, 367

  Chandler, Raymond, 584

  Chanel, Coco, 414

  Chapayev (film), 330

  Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 721, 723

  Chaplin, Charlie, 6, 142

  Charcot, Jean-Martin, 13

  Chatwin, Bruce, 663

  Chayanov, Alexander, 324

  Chekhov, Anton, 104

  Chesterton, G. K., 339

  Chevalier, Maurice, 413

  Chicago: skyscrapers, 80–2; sociology in, 282; University of, 75, 281

  Chicxulub (crater), 688

  China: becomes republic, 178; Cultural Revolution in, 539–40; modernisation, 69–71, 178–80; revolt against foreign concessions in, 178; universities, 73, 178–9; see also

  Confucianism in Index of Ideas and Subjects

  Chirac, Jacques, 621

  Chirico, Giorgio de, 163, 203–4, 622

  Chomsky, Noam, 538, 592, 629, 695, 703, 756; Language and Problems of Knowledge, 756; Syntactic Structures, 497–8, 500

  Christie, Agatha, 337

  Churchill, (Sir) Winston S., 219, 340, 367, 384, 386, 388, 400, 428; ‘iron curtain’ speech, 474

  Citizen Kane (film), 348–9, 638

  Citroen, Paul, 350

  City Lights (bookstore), 455

  Ciurlionis, Makalohus-Konstantinas, 63

  Clair, René, 326

  Clark, James Freeman, 726

  Clark, John Pepper, 713

  Clark, Ronald, 141, 152

  Clausius, Rudolf, 21–2

  Cleaver, Eldridge, 528

  Clemenceau, Georges, 174–7, 273

  Clinton, William Jefferson, 730

  Clovis, New Mexico, 555

  Club of Rome: Limits to Growth (report), 583

  Cockroft, Sir John, 365, 396

  Cocteau, Jean, 129, 157, 203, 637

  Coffman, Donald, 344

  Cohen, Stanley, 614–15

  Cohn, Julia, 331

  Cole, G. D. H., 340

  Coleman, James: Equality of Educational Opportunity, 533

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 277

  Collini, Stefan, 470

  Collins, Michael, 568

  Columbia University, New York, 115–16, 439, 455, 733

  Commager, Henry Steele, 452–3, 456, 467; American Mind, 453; Was America a Mistake?, 538

  Comte, Auguste, 245

  Condorcet, Marie Jean de, 245

  Congar, Yves, 579

  Congress for Cultural Freedom, Milan (1955). 447

  Connelly, Marc, 217

  Connes, Alain, 746

  Connolly, Cyril, 285

  Connor, Eugene (‘Bull’), 523

  Connor, John, 383

  Conquest, Robert, 316; The Great Terror, 482; New Lines, 464

  Conrad, Joseph, 99, 182, 234, 245, 714, 768; Heart of Darkness, 48–51

  Coolidge, Calvin, 208

  Cooper, David, 502

  Cooper, Lane, 726

  Copenhagen: Institute of Theoretical Physics, 256–8

  Corner, George Washington, 426

  Cornford, Frances, 152

  Cornwell, John, 701

  Cottingham, E. T., 184–5

  Courant, Richard, 352, 362

  Cowell, Henry, 513

  Crane, Diana: Transformation of the Avant-Garde, 511

  Crete: Arthur Evans in, 15–17

  Crick, Francis, 375, 478–81, 614, 703; The Astonishing Hypothesis, 700–1

  Cro-Magnon, France, 370–1

  Croce, Benedetto, 65

  Crosland, Alan, 326

  Crosland, Anthony, 447

  Crossman, Richard, 447

  Crystal, David: English as a Global Language, 705

  Cuba: missile crisis (1962), 445, 517, 566

  Cullen, Countee, 216

  ‘Culture, Ideas, Values’ (CIV) university course (Stanford), 731

  Cunard, Nancy, 416

  Cunliffe, Marcus, 704, 717

  Cunningham, Merce, 510, 512–15

  d’Abernon, Edgar Vincent, Viscount, 229

  Dachau, 311

  Daily Mail (London), 339

  Dal Co, Francesco, 622

  Dale, Henry, 473

  Dalí, Salvador, 204, 307

  Dalton, Hugh, 384

  Dalton, John, 2, 20

  Dameshek, William, 660

  Darlington, C. D., 319, 321

 
Darrow, Clarence, 207

  Dart, Raymond, 371

  Darwin, Charles: attacked by Catholic Church, 67; Conrad and, 48; cynicism, 759; Dennett idealises, 3, 694; effect on American life, 453; effect on religious thinking, 53, 188; Freud follows, 13; Hofmannsthal and, 30; influence on Hitler, 242; influence on playwrights, 346; Marx admires, 474; Mendel and, 18; Nietzsche and, 40; Picasso and, 60–1; revolutionary idea, 13; and Scopes trial (Tennessee), 207; Skinner and, 496; universality, 756; On the Origin of Species, 40, 65, 122, 246, 371–2

  Darwin, Major Leonard, 113

  Davenport, Charles B., 113

  Davidson, Basil: Old Africa Rediscovered, 462, 556–7, 713

  Davie, Donald, 464

  Davies, Arthur, 126–7

  Davis, Marion, 348

  Davis, Natalie Zemon, 736

  Davis, Sammy, Jr, 523

  Davis, Stuart, 86

  Dawkins, Richard, 616–17, 692–3, 696; The Blind Watchmaker, 693; The Selfish Gene, 619–20, 651, 693

  Day Lewis, Cecil, 332, 334

  Debord, Guy: Society of the Spectacle, 547–8

  Debussy, Claude, 23, 56, 58–9, 130–1, 142

  Dedalus, Stephen (fictional character), 194–5

  de Forest, Lee, 477

  Degas, Edgar: sale of paintings (1917), 175

  Degenerate Art (and Music) exhibitions see Entartete Kunst (and Musik) de Kooning, Willem, 355, 511–12

  Delaunay, Robert, 63, 129

  de Man, Paul, 730, 735

  Denby, David: Great Books, 733–4

  Denby, Edward, 354

  Denmark see Copenhagen

  Dennett, Daniel, 3, 616, 692, 696, 701, 703; Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, 694

  Derain, André, 60, 62, 144, 409

  Derrida, Jacques, 627, 630–1, 633, 637, 708, 735

  Desai, Anita, 715, 762; The Village by the Sea, 709

  Deutsch, Helene, 505

  Deutsche Hochschule für Politik, 223, 226

  de Valera, Eamon, 373

  Devine, George, 463

  Dewey, John, 41, 77–8, 281–2, 670, 672

  Diaghilev, Serge, 130–1, 164, 199, 357

  Diamond, Jared: Guns, Germs and Steel, 752–3, 755

  Dichter, Ernest, 446

  Dicke, Robert, 570

  Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes, 174

  Diederichs, Eugen, 240

  Dietrich, Marlene, 221

  Dillingham Commission (USA, 1910), 116

  Diop, C. A.: The African Origin of Civilisation, 729

  Dior, Christian, 414

  Dirac, Paul, 258, 373, 508

  Dix, Otto, 157, 163, 300, 302, 351

  Dobb, Maurice: Studies in the Development of Capitalism, 561

  Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 371, 372

  Dodge, Mabel, 126–7, 142

  Dollimore, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield: Political Shakespeare, 716–17

  Dongen, Kees van, 409

  Doniol-Valcroze, Jacques, 636

  Donleavy, J.P.: The Ginger Man, 429

  Doppler, Christian, 265

  Dos Passos, John, 334, 347

  Douglas, J. W. B.: All Our Future, 534

  Douglas-Hamilton, Ian, 611–12

  Douglass, Andrew Ellicott, 252–3

  Dove, Arthur, 63

  Dreiser, Theodore, 285, 334, 453; Financier, 209

  Dresden, 52, 54

  Dreyfus, Alfred, 24, 45, 327

  d’Souza, Dinesh: Illiberal Education, 730–32

  Dublin, 194

  Duboar, King of Benin, 49

  Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, 109–12, 121, 124, 215–16, 283, 654; Souls of Black Folk, 110

  Dubos, René, 583

  Dubuffet, Jean, 414

  Duchamp, Marcel, 128, 162, 512, 514; Nude Descending a Staircase, 128

  Dudley, John, 398

  Dulbecco, Renato, 700

  Duncan, Isadora, 24

  Dunn, Linwood, 348

  Dunoyer de Segonzac, André, 409

  Du Pont Company, 343

  Duras, Marguerite, 638

  Durkheim, Emile, 65, 599

  Dutschke, Rudi, 536

  Dworkin, Andrea, 531–2

  Dworkin, Ronald: Taking Rights Seriously, 644–5, 650–1, 656

  Dylan, Bob, 523, 584

  Dyson, Sir Frank, 184–5

  Eagleton, Terry, 716

  Eastman, Max, 347

  Eckart, Dietrich, 173

  Eckhart, Meister, 296

  École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 407, 627

  Eddington, Sir Arthur, 183–5, 256, 264, 302

  Edelman, Gerald, 701

  Edison, Thomas, 87

  Egypt: universities, 73; see also Valley of the Kings

  Ehrenburg, Ilya, 334

  Ehrenfels, Christian von, 31–2

  Ehrlich, Paul, 105–7, 113

  Ehrman, Claudia, 663

  Eichmann, Adolf, 6, 504–5

  Einstein, Albert: attends Pauling lecture, 268; Bohr follows, 142, 261; and Cézanne, 61–2, 63; denounced in Germany, 232; and development of nuclear fission, 396; Eddington and, 183–5; Mach influences, 37; ostracised in First World War, 145; and quantum theory, 23, 93, 261; relativity theories, 93–6, 132–4, 183–5, 274, 571, 744

  Eisenstein, Serge, 327–8, 330

  Eisler, Hanns, 313

  Ekwensi, Cyprian, 713; People of the City, 460

  Eldredge, Niles, 692, 696, 750

  Eli Lilly (pharmaceutical company), 616

  Eliot, Charles Williams, 74, 726

  Eliot, T. S.: Aldous Huxley meets, 297; on ancient myth, 193, 208; on Bergsonism, 67; in Bertrand Russell circle, 99; on culture and society, 450–3, 456, 462, 464, 466–7, 634, 706; love of classical world, 246; Nietzsche influences, 39; on ‘no going back’, 767; Nobel Prize, 450; rejects Auden poems, 333; rejects Orwell’s Animal Farm, 387; and sex in modern world, 199; Sinclair Lewis and, 208–9; on Ulysses, 195; and Virginia Woolf, 201; Ash Wednesday, 751–2; Notes towards a Definition of Culture, 450–1, 723; The Waste Land, 186, 188–91, 195, 450, 458, 751–2

  Eliot, Vivien (née Haigh-Wood), 188

  Ellington, Duke, 216

  Ellis, Henry Havelock, 279, 423, 597

  Ellison, Ralph, 391, 460, 462; Invisible Man, 458

  Elman, Mischa, 356

  Eltanin (US ship), 553, 555

  Eluard, Paul, 203, 334, 336; Les nécessités de la vie et les conséquences des rêves, 164, 203

  Emilio, John d’ and Estelle Freedman: Sexuality in America, 424

  Empson, William, 338, 464

  Engelmann, Paul, 159

  Engels, Friedrich, 42

  English Stage Company, 463

  Enola Gay (airplane), 13

  Enright, D.J., 464

  Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art)

  exhibition (1937), 305, 312–13, 350

  Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music)

  exhibition (1937), 313

  Erickson, Milton, 664

  Erikson, Erik, 277, 506

  Ernst, Max, 162, 203–4, 313, 350, 354; Two Children Threatened by a Nightingale, 203

  Esalen Institute, Big Sur, California, 599

  Essenes (sect), 574

  Evans, (Sir) Arthur, 15–17, 119

  Evans, Hiram W, 207–8

  Evans, Sir John, 15

  Evernden, Jack, 487

  Explorer (US space vehicle), 484

  Fackel, Die (periodical), 192

  Fairbanks, John, 71, 179

  Falk, O. T. and Partners, 270

  Falla, Manuel de, 130

  Fanon, Frantz, 411, 414, 460, 526–8, 762; The Wretched of the Earth, 520–7

  Farben, I. G. (chemical group), 343

  Farber, Leslie, 427

  Faubus, Orville, 459

  Faulkner, William, 283–4; Absalom! Absalom!, 284

  Fauset, Jessie, 216

  Febvre, Lucien, 557–9

  Federn, Paul, 15

  Feigl, Herbert, 306, 379

  Feininger, Lyonel, 302, 313, 355

  Feldstein, Martin, 648

&n
bsp; Fenichel, Otto, 223, 274, 505

  Ferber, Edna, 217

  Ferenczi, Sandor, 664

  Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 455

  Fermi, Enrico, 393–4, 398, 507

  Fessenden, Reginald, 210

  Feuchtwanger, Lion, 231, 354, 356

  Feyerabend, Paul Karl, 679

  Feynman, Richard, 741

  Fichte, Johann, 74

  Finland: universities, 73

  Firth, Raymond, 376

  Fischer, Eugen, 310

  Fish, Stanley, 716, 721, 723, 731–32, 735

  Fisher, R. A., 699

  Fiske, William, 41

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 215; The Great Gatsby, 197–9

  Flaubert, Gustave, 234, 714

  Fleischmann, Raoul, 217

  Fleming, Sir Alexander, 367–8

  Flemming, Walther, 114

  Flexner, Abraham, 303, 305

  Fliess, Wilhelm, 142

  Florensky, Pavel, 324

  Florey, Howard Walter, Baron, 367–8

  Fokine, Mikhail, 358

  Fontenelle, Bernard de, 245

  Ford, Henry, 6, 142

  Förster, Bernard, 39–40

  Forster, E. M., 174

  Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth, 39–40, 173

  Fortes, Meyer, 277

  Fortune, Reo, 281

  Fossey, Dian, 608; Gorillas in the Mist, 610–11

  Foster, Norman, 622

  Foucault, Michel, 39, 627–31, 633–4, 663

  Fournier, Alfred, 104

  Fox, William, 87

  Fraeckel-Conrat, Heinz, 749

  France: in First World War, 145; intellectuals in, 411–12, 625–34, 743–4; and Treaty of Versailles, 173–7; universities in, 627

  Franco, General Francisco, 336

  Frank, Karl see Hagen, Paul

  Frank, Philipp, 235

  Frankfurt School, 225–6, 305–6, 331, 502

  Frankfurter, Felix, 400

  Franklin, Rosalind, 479–81

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austro-Hungary, 144–5

  Frazer, Sir James, 30, 61, 116, 223; The Golden Bough, 60, 68, 141, 88

  Frazier, E. Franklin: The Negro Family in the United States, 390

  Freed, Alan, 457

  Freeman, Derek: Margaret Mead and the Samoa, 665

  Frege, Gottlob, 100–1, 112, 271, 352; Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, 158 French Connection, The (film), 625

  Frenkel, Naftaly Aronovich, 543

  Frenkel-Brunswik, Else, 306

  Freud, Anna, 307

  Freud, Jakob (Sigmund’s father), 14, 112

  Freud, Sigmund: on alienation, 53; Ardrey criticises, 607; attacked and questioned, 493–4, 498, 665; attitude to religion, 141; belief in instincts, 56; breach with Jung, 139–42; Breton influenced by, 202–3; character and manner, 11; Conrad rejects, 51; and dreams, 229; on ego and id, 135–6; and First World War, 150; French interest in, 634; Harold Bloom on, 724; Horney criticises, 275; influence, 61, 138, 140; Ionesco and, 419; late translation into French, 137; and Marx, 502–3, 632; Masson attacks, 663–4; modernist reliance on, 759–61; moves to London and dies, 306–7; on Nordau, 43; psychoanalytical failure, 761; on ‘rabble’, 44; resistance to, 58; sabotages reason, 188; and Schnitzler, 28, 55; stays in post-1919 Vienna, 180; suffers cancer of mouth, 273; on superego, 297–8; Teilhard de Chardin and, 578; theories, 13, 19–20, 27, 30, 34, 56; on ‘underworlds’, 25; university education, 74; and Wagner-Jauregg, 152; and Wolf Man, 144; Civilisation and its Discontents, 7, 273–4, 297, 437; The Future of an Illusion, 273; The Interpretation of Dreams, 11–14, 51, 135, 761; Moses and Monotheism, 307; The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, 150; Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, 106; Totem and Taboo, 135, 141–2, 273; see also unconscious, the