by James Johns
12. Ibid., 64.
13. Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Ex. 13.
14. Andrew Mollo, The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia, and Organization (New York: Military Press, 1987), 2–6.
15. Ibid., 83.
16. Ibid., 252.
17. Ibid., 8–11.
18. Ibid., 259.
19. Ibid., 91.
20. Olson, Those Angry Days, 27.
21. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 65.
22. Ibid., 38.
23. Ibid., 39.
24. Ibid., 39.
25. Department of Defense, United States of America, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977), 5.
26. Toland, Infamy, 264.
27. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 59.
28. Ibid., 59.
29. Ibid., 60.
30. Irving Brinton Holley, Jr., Buying Aircraft: Materiel Procurement for the Army Air Forces (U.S. Army in World War II, Special Studies) (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army, 1964), 520.
31. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 133.
32. Ibid., 133.
33. Ibid., 133.
34. Joseph W. Martin, Jr., “The Country Needs a Strong Opposition Party: We Must Preserve the American Way of Consideration” (Columbia Broadcasting System, April 3, 1941), para. 6.
35. Ibid., para. 8.
36. Ibid., para. 8.
37. Ibid., para. 12.
38. Ibid., para. 16.
39. Harry S. Truman, Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: The Year of Decisions, vol. 1 (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955), 164.
40. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 135.
41. Ibid., 187.
42. Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 389.
43. Gordon Prange, At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), 410.
44. Holley, Buying Aircraft: Materiel Procurement for the Army Air Forces, 77.
45. Ibid., 53.
46. Lewis H. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries: The War in the Pacific, Middle East and Europe, October 3, 1941 to May 8, 1945 (William Morrow, 1946), 6.
47. Ibid., 12.
48. Ibid., 12.
49. Ibid., 13.
50. Ibid., 19–20.
51. Ibid., 21.
52. Ibid., 22.
53. Morton, Fall of the Philippines, 48.
54. Husband E. Kimmel, Admiral Kimmel’s Story (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1955), 21.
55. Ibid., 21.
Chapter 5
1. Joseph P. Nye, Can the United States Be Neutral?—Yes, If It Minds Its Own Business (76th Congress, 1 sess. CR, 84, pt 14, 1939), Para. 2.
2. Ibid., para. 4.
3. Ibid., para. 4.
4. Franklin Roosevelt, “Arsenal of Democracy” (Washington , D.C.: Fireside Chat, December 29, 1940), para. 18.
5. Ibid., para. 71.
6. Ibid., para. 50.
7. Stinnett, Day of Deceit, 17.
8. Roosevelt, Arsenal of Democracy, para. 24.
9. Ibid., para. 36.
10. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 3.
11. Ibid., 4.
12. Ibid., 14.
13. Ibid., 15.
14. Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 615.
15. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 15.
16. Olson, Those Angry Days, 284.
17. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 16.
18. Ibid., 17.
19. Ibid., 17.
20. Ibid., 17–18.
21. Olson, Those Angry Days, 62.
22. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 18.
23. Hamilton Fish, “We Should Not Convoy Materials to Europe: Convoys Mean Shooting and Shooting Means War” (Washington, D.C.: American Forum of the Air, March 30, 1941), para. 9.
24. Ibid., para. 11.
25. H.W. Brands, Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (New York: Anchor Books, 2008), 455.
26. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 32.
27. Ibid., 32.
28. James P. Duffy, Lindbergh vs. Roosevelt: The Rivalry That Divided America (New York: MJF Books, 2010), 16.
29. Ibid., 17.
30. Ibid., 17.
31. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 5.
32. Olson, Those Angry Days, 236.
33. A. Scott Berg, Lindbergh, 415.
34. Olson, Those Angry Days, 280.
35. Charles Lindbergh, “Address to the America First Committee” (New York, April 23, 1941), para. 3.
36. Ibid., para. 6.
37. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 39.
38. Ibid., 39.
39. Ibid., 39.
40. Ibid., 40.
41. Ibid., 40.
42. Ibid., 45.
43. Ibid., 57.
44. Ibid., 57.
45. Ibid., 56.
46. Ibid., 64.
47. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 49.
48. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 70.
49. Ibid., 74.
50. Ibid., 79.
51. Ibid., 79.
52. Ibid., 79.
53. Ibid., 80–81.
54. Ibid., 82.
55. Ibid., 84.
56. Ibid., 88–89.
57. Ibid., 84–87.
58. Ibid., 93.
59. Ibid., 97.
60. Franklin Roosevelt, “We Are Not Yielding and We Do Not Propose to Yield” (Washington, D.C.: Address to Congress, June 20, 1941), para. 8.
61. Franklin Roosevelt, “Unlimited National Emergency” (Washington, D.C.: Radio Address, May 27, 1941), para. 63.
62. Ibid., para. 91.
63. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 101.
64. Donald Sommerville, World War II: Day by Day—An Illustrated Almanac 1939–1945 (Greenwich, CT: Dorset Press, 1991), 87.
65. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 105–106.
66. Ibid., 106.
67. Ibid., 106.
68. Ibid., 13.
69. Ibid., 139.
70. Franklin Roosevelt, “Freedom of the Seas” (Washington, D.C.: Fireside Chat, September 11, 1941), para. 1, 2, 41.
71. Ibid., para. 43, 44.
72. Ibid., para. 49, 54, 55, 56, 58.
73. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 141.
74. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 184.
75. Ibid., 187.
76. Franklin Roosevelt, “Navy and Total Defense Day” (Washington, D.C.: Radio Address, October 27, 1941), Para. 1–10.
77. Ibid., para 30–31.
78. Ibid., para. 35.
79. Ibid., para. 51.
80. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 144.
81. Ibid., President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 147.
82. Ibid., 148.
83. Ibid., 148.
84. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 189.
85. Parrish, ed., The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II, 524.
86. Elizabeth-Anne Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War (New York: Penguin Books, 1992), 33.
87. Ibid., 33.
88. Ibid., 33.
89. Ibid., 34.
90. Parrish, ed., The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II, 289.
91. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 153.
92. Ibid., 153.
93. Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 275.
Chapter 6
1. Parrish, ed., The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II, 47–48.
2. Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 115.
3. Ibid., 116.
4. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 74.
5. Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 146.
6. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 95.
7. Ibid., 94–95.
8. Ibid., 95.
9. Ibid., 95.
10. Ibid., 95.
11. Ibid., 95.
12. Ibid., 96.
13. Mosley, Marshall, 143.
14. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 97.
15. Ibid., 98.
16. Ibid., 98.
17. Ibid., 96.
18. Ibid., 202.
19. Robert A. Taft, “Bureaucratic Confusion at Washington: Fighting for Democracy Abroad While It Wilts at Home” (Washington, D.C.: Columbia Broadcasting System, May 2, 1941), para. 6.
20. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 112.
21. Ibid., 113–114.
22. Sommerville, World War II: Day by Day, 90.
23. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 113.
24. Parrish, ed., The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II, 560.
25. Ibid., 560.
26. Mosley, Marshall, 147.
27. Parrish, ed., The Simon and Schuster Encyclopedia of World War II, 16.
28. Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 91.
29. Costello, Days of Infamy, 10.
30. Toland, Infamy, 269.
31. Ibid., 350.
32. Ibid., 350.
33. Ibid., 325.
34. Ibid., 272.
35. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 123.
Chapter 7
1. Wheal et al., The Meridian Encyclopedia of the Second World War, 146.
2. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 142.
3. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 3, Appendix (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977), A-65.
4. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 151.
5. Ibid., 154.
6. Ibid., 166.
7. Ibid., 183.
8. Ibid., 184.
9. Ibid., 176.
10. Theobald, The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor, 43–44.
11. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977), A-147.
12. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 311.
13. McComas, Pearl Harbor: Fact and Reference Book, 121.
14. Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, 518.
15. Ibid., 519.
16. Ibid., 519.
17. Ibid., 519.
18. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 215.
19. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-21.
20. Ibid., A-22.
21. Ibid., A-39.
22. Berg, Lindbergh, 430.
23. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 218.
24. Ibid., 218.
25. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-57.
26. Ibid., A-58.
27. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 219.
28. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977), 57.
29. Ibid., 57.
30. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 220.
31. Ibid., 220.
32. Ibid., 222.
33. Ibid., 223.
34. Ibid., 223.
35. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-16.
36. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 225–226.
37. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 511.
38. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 227.
39. Ibid., 226.
40. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-89.
41. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 231.
42. Ibid., 234.
43. Ibid., 234.
44. Ibid., 235.
45. Stinnett, Day of Deceit, 144.
46. Theobald, The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor, 75–76.
47. Ibid., 76.
48. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 240.
49. Ibid., 241.
50. Douglas, Gregory, The Interrogation of Heinrich Muller, vol. 1 (San Jose, CA: James Bender Publishing, 1999), 44.
51. Layton, And I Was There, 197.
52. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-93.
53. Ibid., A-93.
54. Ibid., A-93.
55. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 242.
56. Kent Roberts Greenfield, ed., Command Decisions (Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, 2000), 126.
57. Vandercook, “America’s Gibraltar of the Pacific,” para. 25.
58. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-98, A-99, A-100.
59. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 244.
60. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-103.
61. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War 1941, 516.
62. Ibid., 516.
63. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 245.
64. Ibid., 246.
65. Ibid., 247.
66. Ibid., 248.
67. Ibid., 249.
68. Ibid., 249.
69. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 34.
70. Tolley, Cruise of the Lanikai, 51.
71. John Costello, Days of Infamy: MacArthur, Roosevelt, Churchill—The Shocking Truth Revealed (New York: Pocket Books, 1994), 150.
72. Theobald, The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor, 81.
73. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-118.
74. Ibid., A-81.
75. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 5 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977), 51.
76. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-384–A-385.
77. Ibid., A-120.
78. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 286.
Chapter 8
1. Layton, And I Was There, 209.
2. Prange, At Dawn We Slept, 401.
3. Ibid., 400.
4. Ibid., 400.
5. Ibid., 401.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 269.
11. Robert J. Cressman and J. Michael Wenger, Steady Nerves and Stout Hearts: The Enterprise (CV6) Air Group and Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941 (Missoula, MT: Pictorial Histories, 1990), 1.
12. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 275.
13. Ibid., 274–275.
14. Layton, And I Was There, 222.
15. Ibid., 282.
16. Ibid., 282.
17. Ibid., 283.
18. Ibid., 283–284.
19. Ibid., 281.
20. Ibid., 290.
21. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 22.
22. Layton, And I Was There, 291.
23. Ibid., 293.
24. Ibid., 18.
25. Ibid., 18.
26. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 298.
27. Ibid., 299.
28. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-215.
29. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 300.
30. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 22.
31. Ibid., 35.
32. Tolley, The Cruise of the Lanikai, 51.
33. Ibid., 51.
34. Ibid., 42.
35. Toland, Infamy, 304.
36. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 307.
37. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-126.
38. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 309.
39. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-150.
40. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 311.
41. Smith, Pearl Harbor, 60.
42. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 316.
44. Ibid., 320–321.
Chapter 9
1. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 326.
2. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-129.
3. Ibid., A-132.
4. Ibid., A-133.
5. Ibid., A-133.
6. Leatrice R. Arakaki and John R. Kuborn, 7 December 1941: The Air Force Story (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991), 72.
7. Department of Defense, The “Magic” Background of Pearl Harbor, vol. 4, Appendix, A-134.
8. Ibid., A-129.
9. Ibid., A-135.
10. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 337.
11. Layton, And I Was There, 265.
12. Millis, This Is Pearl!, 341.
13. Layton, And I Was There, 306.
14. Ibid., 307.
15. Smith, Pearl Harbor, 40.
16. Ibid., 40.
17. Ibid., 40.
18. Ibid., 40.
19. Prange, At Dawn We Slept, 501.
20. Ibid., 504.
21. Ibid., 507.
22. McComas, Pearl Harbor: Fact and Reference Book, 75.
23. Ibid., 70.
24. Joy Waldron Jasper, James P. Delgado, and Jim Adams, The USS Arizona: the Ship, the Men, the Pearl Harbor Attack, and the Symbol That Aroused America (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2001), 209.
25. John W. Lambert, The Long Campaign: The History of the 15th Fighter Group in World War II (Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press, 1982), 20.
26. Prange, At Dawn We Slept, 544.
27. McComas, Pearl Harbor: Fact and Reference Book, 87.
28. Flying Magazine 44(1) (January 1949): 58.
29. Ibid., 123.
30. Toland, Infamy, 15.
31. Bartsch, December 8, 1941, 260.
32. Ibid., 260.
33. Edmonds, They Fought With What They Had, 75.
34. Connaughton, MacArthur and the Defeat in the Philippines, 166.
35. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 40.
36. Morton, The Fall of the Philippines, 84.
37. Bartsch, December 8, 1941, 262.
38. Ibid., 262.
39. Ibid., 262.
40. Ibid., 263.
41. Ibid., 263.
42. Connaughton, MacArthur and the Defeat in the Philippines, 178.
43. Brereton, The Brereton Diaries, 50.
44. Ibid., 50.
45. Ibid., 62.
46. Ibid., 62.
47. Ibid., 62.
48. Greenfield, ed., Command Decisions, 154.
49. Ibid., 156.
50. Ibid., 163.
51. Ibid., 163–164.
52. Ibid., 167.
53. Schultz, Hero of Bataan, 150.
54. Ibid., 226.
55. Ibid., 213.
56. George W. Smith, MacArthur’s Escape: John “Wild Man” Bulkeley and the Rescue of an American Hero (St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing, 2005), 206.