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Color insert 3: Regiomontanus’ Ephemeris table, © British Library; Armillary sphere at Beijing Observatory. © Gunnar Thompson.
Color insert 3: Submarine surfacing, © Gavin Menzies; Dr. S.L. Lee Medallion. © Dr. S.L. Lee.
SEARCHABLE TERMS
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Page references in italics refer to illustrations.
Abbott, Dallas, 260, 261
Adamic, Louis, 241–42
Aden, 40, 44
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, 133–34
Africa
Arabs in, 58
Chinese to, 4, 41, 43, 48
citrus trees in, 252
Florentine knowledge of, 97
on maps and globes, 66, 106, 107, 111, 112, 128, 286
Merino sheep from, 282
monsoons and, 39, 40
Portuguese exploitation of, 104, 111, 115, 121, 287
tsunami in, 277
see also Egypt
Aghemo, Aurelio, 106
Agüera y Arcas, Blaise, 234
Alarcón, Hernando de, 280
Al-Ashraf Barsbay, 54, 56
Al-Azhar Mosque, 55, 56, 57, 58
Al-Azhar University, 55–56
Alberti, Leon Battista
Beck on, 92–93, 137
Chinese knowledge used by, 134, 176, 216, 243, 254
De Pictura by, 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251
De re Aedificatoria by, 161, 213
Descriptio urbis Romae by, 164–65, 196
De Statua by, 156, 159, 161, 196
Latin fluency of, 124
Leonardo da Vinci and, 155–65, 176, 196, 212–13
Ludi matematici by, 161, 162–63
Medici family’s patronage of, 89, 90
on perspective, 253
Regiomontanus and, 138, 139, 143, 147
San Lorenzo dome painted by, 91, 92–93, 137
on silk industry, 200
Taccola and, 158, 182, 212, 213
Toscanelli and, 93, 137, 138, 139
Alberti, Lorenzo, 155
Albuquerque, Alfonso de, 239–40, 242
Aldebaran, 36, 37, 153
Aldridge, James, 52
Alexander III, pope, 64
Alexander the Great, 48
Alexandria, 48, 51, 59, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 85, 122, 222
Alfoim, Pero de, 240
Alfonsine tables, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 152
Alfonso V, king of Portugal, 94, 121, 122
al-Ghouri, caravanseri of, 57
Alonso Pinzón, Martín, xi, 109
alum, 205
Amadis of Gaul, The, 236
America
cactuses from, 68
Columbus and, 104–7, 108–9, 126
conquistadores in, 284–87
European discovery of, 126, 131
Fontana’s knowledge of, 222, 223, 240, 287
on maps and globes, xii, 70–71, 111–14, 118, 128, 129–31
Portuguese exploration of, 287
Saint-Dié’s role in naming, 115, 116–18
Toscanelli and, xiv, 96–100, 104, 107, 109, 126
see also Central America; New World; North America; South America
Ancient Chinese Inventions (Deng), 23, 231
Andes, 111, 112, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276
animals, 47, 183, 191–92, 193, 194, 252, 268
see also dogs; pigs; sheep
Antarctica, 108, 129, 131, 270
Antilia, island of, 97, 100, 106, 107, 118, 120, 126, 238
Arabia, 52
Arabian Sea, 43
Arab(s)
on Alexander the Great, 48
astro-navigation, 17–19, 40, 154
Cairo built by, 50
calendars, 40
cemetery in China, 46
ecliptic coordinate system, 145, 154, 176
frankincense, 46
gold, 57–58
interpreters, 40
medicine, 237
ports, 40
sheep of, 285
ships, 81
trade, 40, 46, 252
see also Islam; Muslims
Aragon, as seafaring power, 64, 286–87
Archimedes, 146, 147, 187
architecture, Renaissance, 160
Arctic Pole, 94, 112, 119, 122
see also North Pole
Arequipa University, 275
Aristarchus, 146
Aristotle, 51, 57, 139, 154, 159, 176, 243, 247
Armenia, Armenians, 56, 123
Art of Invention, The: Leonardo and the Renaissance Engineers (Galluzzi), 184, 195
Aruqtai, 5
Asia, 128, 132
Aslaksen, Helmer, 27
astrolabe, 145, 154, 156, 164
astronomy, astronomers, 134–54
Arab, 17–19, 40, 56, 154
Babylonian, 29
Chinese, 32, 32–34, 35, 120, 125, 137, 139, 140, 243, 250–51
European, 29–30, 86, 88, 93
knowledge transferral, 37–38, 243–48, 251–52, 253–54
Medici patronage of, 87, 205
see also calendar(s), Shoushi astronomical; specific astronomers
Atahualpa, 273, 275
Atlantic Ocean, 121, 222, 286, 287
Augustus, 197
Australia
Asian pigs in, 262
citrus trees in, 252
gold in, 252
Mahuika tsunami in, 260, 261–62, 276
maps of, xii, 66
Portuguese knowlege of, 240
Venetian knowledge of, 222–23, 240
Avars, 69, 70
Avignon, 87
Azores, 63, 252
Aztecs, 279, 287
Babylon, Babylonians, 50, 51, 52, 53
Babylonian writing, 50
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 236
Baghdad, 45
Bai Shouyi, 48
Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, xii, 111, 280–81, 283
Baldovinetti, Alesso, 87
balloons, hot-air, 170, 175
Banda Atjeh, 42
see also Pulau Rondo
banking, bankers
Italian, 58, 72–73, 74, 87–88, 89, 155, 157, 205
Karim as, 40, 46, 54
Bara, Lovorka, 69
Barbarossa, Holy Roman emperor, 210
Bardi family, 74
Barzizza, Gasparino, 155
battleship, water-wheeled, 22
Bazaldeen Kulami Karimi, 46
bazookas, 16
Beals, Herbert K., 266
Beck, James, 92–93, 137
Beijing, 33, 34, 36, 154, 206, 207
Bell, Cedric, 257–63, 269
Bellarmine, Cardinal, 249
Berenson, Bernard, 86
Bertola de Novale, 212
Bessarion, Cardinal, 98
Betelgeuse, 36, 37
Bianchini, Francesco, 147–48, 154
Bianco, Andrea, 238, 241, 254
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 118, 127
Bisagudo, Pedro Vaz, 241
Bi Sheng, 125, 231–32
Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 89
Bitruji, al-, 147
Boas, Franz, 264
boat, paddle-wheel, 167–68, 169, 175, 183, 185–86
Bohemia, Martin of, xi books, 20–22, 57, 81, 89, 157, 158, 187, 200, 222, 235, 236, 237
see also specific books
Boyle, Robert, 24
Bracciolini, Poggio, 89
Braudel, Fernand, 201
Brazil, xii, 117, 121, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 252, 270, 280
bridges, 95, 96, 113, 114, 120, 124, 125, 174, 175, 208, 275
British Library, 14, 161, 177, 179, 187–88, 189
British Museum, 153, 177–78
Brown, Patricia Fortini, 90–91
Brunellesc
hi, Filippo, 83–84, 88, 136, 155, 156–57, 182
Bruni, Leonardo, 88, 158
Bryant, Edward A. “Ted,” 259–60, 261
Bueri, Piccarda, 93
Buñuel, Luis, 279
Burckhardt, Jakob, 160, 251
Butters, Suzanne, 219
Byzantium, 64–65, 75, 77, 84, 85, 92, 145
Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, xii, 240, 242
cactuses, American, 68
Caesar, Julius, 197
Cairo, 49–59
Chinese trade with, 8, 9, 19, 28, 40, 43, 45, 47–48, 72–73, 75
as Hormuz, 47
Indian trade with, 47
Karim in, 40, 46, 54
Venetian trade with, 64, 65, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81
see also Babylon
Cairo: Biography of a City (Aldridge), 52–53
calculus, 27, 37
Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 282
calendar(s)
Gregorian, 22–23, 24
Islamic, 18, 40
monsoons marked on, 40
of Regiomantus, 150
Shoushi astronomical, 22–28, 35, 41, 81, 93, 134, 135–36, 140, 154, 159, 235, 243, 248
Calicut, 8, 10, 38, 40, 42, 43–44, 46, 79, 86, 222
Calixtus III, pope, 134
Cambridge University, Pepys Library at, 28, 135–36
camera obscura, 36, 90, 137, 140, 156
Camões, Luis de, 10
canals, 45, 48–49, 52, 70, 130, 131, 206–9, 210–14, 253, 276
cannons, 16, 22, 41, 173, 174, 175, 219, 220, 223, 225–27, 237, 253, 259
Capac, Huayna, 273
Cape of Good Hope, 78, 79, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 239, 240, 243
Captivating Views of the Ocean’s Shores, 47
Caribbean, 105, 106, 107, 130, 242
Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, 139
Catholic Church, 45, 132–35, 150, 157–58, 249
see also Jesuits; Papal States; specific churches; specific clergy
Catholic Encyclopedia, The, 132
Caverio, Nicholas, 118
Central America, 121, 128, 130, 287
ceramics, Chinese, 46, 53–54, 57, 65, 76, 81, 268
see also porcelain
Chambers, Geoffrey, 258–59
Chang Le epigraphy, 8
Chao Heng, 220
Charles V, king of Spain, 103
Chartres Cathedral, 197
Charts of Zheng He’s Voyages, The, 42
Cheng Hua, 266
Chen Shuiyuan, 18–19
Chen Xin Lang, 46
Ch’iao Wei-Yo, 125, 207, 208
Chi dynasty, 171
Chile, 269–70, 271, 274, 276, 280
Ch’in Chiu-shao, 16, 161
Chinese Religions and National Minorities (Bai Shouyi), 48
Chu Lung-Pin, 221
Church, Sally, 10, 266
Cicero, 235
Cid, El, 284
Cipangu, 96, 97, 100, 113, 114, 118, 120, 126
see also Japan
citrus, 252
Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, The (Burckhardt), 160
Clement IV, pope, 123
clocks, 36–37, 137, 140, 145
Codicetto (di Georgio), 186, 190
coinage, 57–58, 133, 262, 265, 267, 274
Coloma, John, 105
Colombia River, Chinese settlements on, 268–69
Columbus, Bartholomew, 106, 151
Columbus, Christopher, xi, xii, xiv, 38, 67, 89, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104–5, 108, 109, 122, 126, 129, 130, 136, 139, 140, 151–52, 222, 238, 239, 242, 243, 284
comets, 24, 27, 135, 136–37, 140, 147, 158, 260–61, 262, 263–64
Coming of the Age of Steel, The (Wertime), 218
Commines, Philippe de, 205
compass, 16, 17, 175
Compromise of Caspe, 285, 286
Condulmer, Gabriele, 96
Confucius, 125
conquistadores, Spanish, 253, 278–88
Contarini family, 74
Conti, Niccolò da, 44, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 103, 129
Contributions to Human History, 267
Cook, Captain, xii, 74, 152, 265
Copernicus, Copernican theory, 27, 243–48, 249–50, 251
copper, 58, 59, 231, 252, 265, 274
coral, 197
Coramandel, 40
Corfu, 65, 70
corn, 21, 52, 85, 189, 214, 253
Correr family, 74, 96
Corsali, Andrea, 240
Côrte-Real, Miguel, 241
Cortés, Hernan, 280, 284, 286, 287
Cortesão, Jaime, 241
Cosmos (monk), 132
Cossa, Baldassare, 87
Coster, Laurens Janszoon, 233–34
Cotner, Dave, 263, 264, 266
cotton, 21, 199–200, 252, 272, 275
Crete, 65, 72, 75, 77
Cribbs, Robert, 34–35, 37
Croatia, 64, 65–69, 72, 241–42
see also Dalmatia
Crossman, L. S., 266
Crusades, 64, 75, 85, 115
Cryfts, Johann, 141
cryptography, 14, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 251
currency, 58, 123, 274
currents, 17, 270–71
Curtze, 148
Customs and Institutions of the Old Capital (Chou), 221
Dalmatia, 65–69, 72, 76, 241–42
see also Croatia
Dandi Bandar, 43
Dandolo, Doge, 64, 75
Dandolo, Mario, 78
Darius, 50, 51
Dark Ages, Europe in, 57
Datini, Francesco di Marco, 87
Davies, Arthur, 105–6, 128
Deane, Thatcher E., 19
De Architettura (Vitruvias), 187
de Chávez, Nuño de, 280
de Chávez family, 283
De Ingeneis (Taccola), 182–83, 184, 190–91
Deng Yinke, 23
De Pictura (Alberti), 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251
De re Aedificatoria (Alberti), 161, 213
De re Militari (Santini), 223
Descriptio urbis Romae (Alberti), 164–65, 196
de Soto, Hernando, 280, 281
De Statua (Alberti), 156, 159, 161, 196
Destombes, Marcel, 105, 107
de Valverde, Friar Vicente, 280
Diamond, HMS, 75, 81
Dias, Bartolomeu, xii, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 240, 243
Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo, 284
di Cambio, Arnolfo, 181
di Georgio Martini, Francesco
on canals and locks, 158, 212, 213, 253
on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 187, 189–94, 254
Leonardo da Vinci and, xiii-xiv, 177, 178–81, 195–96, 212, 213, 253
pumps designed by, 202, 203, 204, 211
Taccola and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212
from Tuscany, 157
weapons designed by, 223–30
Diodorus Siculus, 51
di Virga, Albertin, xii, 66, 73, 74
DNA, 67, 69–70, 259, 269, 271, 275
Doges’ Palace in, 44, 73, 77, 79, 103, 128, 129, 130
dogs, 20, 269
Donatello, 156–57
Dong, Paul, 26, 250
Dragon’s Tail, 78, 102, 126
Dream Pool Essays (Shen Kua), 209, 231–32
Dreyer, Edward L., 5
Dubrovnik, 65
Duccio di Buoninsegna, 86
Dunstable, John, 236
earth
position of, 141, 142, 143, 145, 247, 249, 253
roundness of, 18, 96, 97
trajectory of, 25–26, 34–35, 138, 139, 145, 146–47, 150, 159, 243, 244–45, 246
Easter, 133, 150, 152
Eastern Origins of Western Civilization, The (Hobson), 199
eclipses
longitude and, 27, 34, 151–52
lunar, 34, 135, 143, 151
prediction of, 24, 27, 135, 144, 150–52, 251
solar, 135, 151–52, 153
Egy
pt
Armenia invaded by, 123
Chinese trade with, xv, 42, 44–48, 53–54, 57
civilization of, 271
Jews from, 46, 57
monsoons and shipping schedule, 40
part of Roman Empire, 132
pyramids in, 45, 48, 49
see also Cairo
Empires of the Monsoon (Hall), 44
Enlightenment, the, 57
Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae (Kepler), 248
Epitome of the Almagest, The (Peurbach and Regiomontanus), 246, 247
Essays in the Study of Sienese Painting (Berenson), 86
Euclid, 163, 187
Eugenius IV, pope, 78, 89, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 101, 108, 119–20, 123, 134, 155, 158, 161, 182, 204, 212, 243, 251
eunuchs, 3, 5, 6, 45
Eutocius, 147
Extremadura, Extremadurans, 278–86
Fabriano, Gentile da, 76
Fang Bin, 5
Farang, 132–33
Feiizhou Hualiko Huarem, 48
Ferdinand, king of Spain, 104–5, 285
Fernandes, Valentin, 78, 79
Fernandez-Cobo, Mariana, 269
Fernando, Don, of Portugal, 78
Ferrara, duke of, 201
Ferrello, Bartolome, 263, 264
Filarete, 216, 217, 218, 219
Fiore, Jacobeló del, 76
Fiore de la Mar (ship), 239, 240
firearms, 173–74, 219–30, 237