1434
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Venetian, 72
see also specific navigational tools; specific navigators
“Navigator Ahmad Ibn Majid, The” (Lunde), 40
Necho II, pharaoh, 50, 51
Needham, Joseph, 15, 21, 139, 149, 153, 161, 164, 170, 189–90, 197, 203–4, 209, 218, 219, 223, 232–33, 234
Nei Kulan, 132–33
Nelson, Horatio, 41
Newman, Thomas M., 266
New Theory of Planets, A (Peurbach), 143–44
Newton, Sir Isaac, 27, 247, 250
New World, 140, 144, 152, 157, 237, 241, 243, 252
see also America; North America; South America
New Zealand, 257–63, 264, 276
Ng Say Tiong, 27
Nicholas of Cusa, 88, 121, 126, 134, 141–42, 143, 145–46, 154, 155, 158, 163, 243, 245, 248, 251, 254
Nicholas V, pope, 158
Nilometer, 52
Noble Spaniard, The (Maugham), 281–82
Nom de l’Amérique, Le (Ronsin), 118
North America
Chinese expedition to, 9, 43
Chinese horses in, 252, 277
copper in, 252
Croatian expedition to, 66–67, 70–71, 241–42
maps of, xii, 73–74, 77, 112–13, 128, 129
tsunami in, 266–69
see also America; New World; South America
North Pole, 9, 32, 33, 42
see also Arctic Pole
Notay, pope, 158
Notebook on Sea Bottom Currents, 17
Notes on the Barbarians, 9
Notes on the Barbarians in the Western Oceans, 47
Novick, Gabriel, 271
Nujun AzZahira Fi Mulek Misr Wal Kahira, Al (Tagri Birdi), 44
Nung Shu, 20–21, 175, 188, 189–94, 195, 197–98, 201–2, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 232
oak, 72
observatories, 23, 137, 145, 260, 261
Oliver, John, 34
Olschki, Leonardo, 86–87
Omar Khayyám, 287
Onslaught, HMS, 12
operas, 88
Oregon, Chinese presence, 263–65
Orellana, Francisco de, 280, 281
Oriental Ceramic Society of France, 53
Origo, Iris, 58, 82
Ospedale Maggiore (Filarete), 216
Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, 69, 70, 92
Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports, 266–67
Pachacuti, 276
Pacific Ocean, 110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 129, 130, 131, 238, 242, 270, 277, 281
Pan Biao, 11
Papal States, xv, 45, 87, 132–33, 134, 205
see also Catholic Church; Jesuits; specific popes
parachute, 169, 170, 175, 177–79, 196
Parenti, Marco, 98
Parsons, William, 212
Pascal, Blaise, 15–16
Passaro, Berenzo de, 212
Patagonia, xiii, 67, 101, 130, 131
Paul III, pope, 245
Paulus the Physician, 119
see also Toscanelli, Paolo
Payn, Marshall, 34
Pazzi family, 224
pearls, 20, 21, 96, 114, 120, 122, 125, 126, 133
Peckar, Stephen F., 261
Pedro, Dom, king of Portugal, 73, 77, 78, 79, 102, 126
Pelletier, Monique, 127
pepper, 95, 119, 122, 125
Pepys, Samuel, 24
perfume, 57, 58
Perii, Marijana, 69
Persia, Persians, 47, 57, 197, 219
Persian Gulf, 41, 43, 47, 239
perspective, 90, 143, 156–57, 158, 159–63, 165, 176, 195–96, 251, 253
Peru, 252, 269–70, 271–76, 280
Peruzzi family, 74
Peters, Winston, 259
Peter the Great, czar of Russia, 72
Peurbach, 143, 144, 145, 156, 246
Philippines, 68, 102
Pian del Carpine, Giovanni da, 73
Piero Averlino, Antonio di, 216
see also Filarete
Pigafetta, Antonio, 102
pigs, 215, 262, 268, 278
pine, 11, 72
Pinturicchio, 133, 134
Pisa, 84, 89, 165, 204, 248
Pisanello, Antonio, 76, 79–81, 134, 135, 214, 254
Pius II, pope, 133, 134, 205
Pizarro, Francisco, 253, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, 280, 281, 287
Pizarro family, 278, 280, 282, 283
Pizzigano, Zuane, 73, 151
planets, 26, 27, 29–38, 135, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153–54, 157, 159, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253
see also Jupiter
Plato, 57
Pliny, 51
plumb lines, 16
Polaris, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43
Pollux, 43
Polo, Bellela, 129
Polo, Marco, 65, 73, 77, 79, 95, 103, 120, 122–23, 124–25, 126, 128, 129, 171–72, 207
Polo, Niccolò, 73, 95, 120, 123
polynyas, 32
Ponce de León, Juan, 238
Poole, Stanley Lane, 46–47, 51
porcelain, 40, 44, 52, 53–54, 81, 266, 267
Pordenone, Odoric of, 73
Portugal, Portuguese, 104, 115, 121, 127, 239, 240, 241, 242–43, 284, 287
potatoes, 276
Powers, Major, 265
Prager, Frank D., 182, 183
Prazak, Charles, 242
“Pre-Columbian Discovery of America, The” (Cortesão), 241
Prehispanic Cultures of Peru (Machedo), 274
printing, 125, 145, 174–75, 188, 231–37, 252, 253
Profiles of Foreign Countries, 134
Promis, Carlo, 180
Ptolemy, 51, 132, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 153, 154, 159, 164, 176, 243, 244, 247, 249
Puerto Rico, 106, 126, 151
Pula, 133
Pulau Rondo, 37, 42
Qin dynasty, 48
Qing dynasty, 47
Quanzhou, 40, 46, 124, 174
Raban Sauma (Odoric), 73
Ramusio, Giambattista, 73
Raspadura Canal, 130
Reconquista, the, 281, 282, 284–85, 286
Records of Journeys to the Western Region, 9
Records on Tributes from Western Oceans, 47
Redmount, Carol A., 50
Red Sea, 39–48, 77, 239
Red Sea–Nile canal, 45, 48–59, 70
Regiomontanus, 97–98, 101, 108, 112, 114, 118, 121, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142–54, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 238, 243–48, 251, 254
Reid, Anthony, 11
remainder theorum, Chinese, 147–49, 161
René II, duke of Lorraine, 115, 116, 117, 118
Reti, Ladislao, 179–81
Revolutionibus orbium coelestieum, De (Copernicus), 245, 246
Ribero, Diego, 272, 275
rice, 199, 201–4, 205, 209, 214, 252, 253, 257, 267
Richard, Helene, 127
Ringman, Matthias, 117
Roberti, Ercole, 76
rockets, 221, 222, 253
Rodrigues, Francisco, 239
Rodriguez Cabrillo, Juan, 263
Rogers, F. M., 77, 78–79
Roman Empire, Romans, xv–xvi, 85, 132, 176, 187, 201, 253, 254
Rome, 52, 86, 87, 134, 158, 164, 182, 204, 213
Ronsin, Albert, 115, 117–18, 127
Roriz, Martinez de, 94
Rorqual, HMS, 12, 81
Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María, 273, 274
Royal Navy, 12, 14, 138, 152
Rubruck, William of, 73
Ruggiero, Marino, 242
Ruiz, Bartholome, 274
sacrifice, ritual, 275
sailors, 20
Saint Mark’s Basilica, 64, 75–76, 77
Saladin, 54–55
Salvestrini family, 181
San Antonio, xi
Sandaucourt, Jean-Basin de, 117
San Lorenzo, Church of, 89, 90, 91, 92–93, 137, 159, 160
Santiago, Order of, 284–85
Santinello, Giovanni, 158
Santini, Paolo, 223
Scaglia, Gustina, 182, 183, 186–87
Scaglieri family, 214
Schöner, Johannes, xii, 98, 99–100, 101, 103–4, 107–8, 109, 110, 112–14, 121, 131, 165
Schroeter, J. Fr., 152
Scott, Captain, 131
Self, A. G., 98
Sesostris, 51
Sévérac, Jordan de, 73
Seville Cathedral, 151
Sforza, Francesco, 210–11, 212
Sforza, Galeazzo, 201
Shah Rokh, 5
Shan Hai Ching Kuang Chu, 171
Shanhai Yudi Quantu, 128, 129, 130
Shapiro, Sheldon, 202–3
Sheban, 19
sheep, 278, 282, 285
Shen Kua, 209, 231, 232
Shih Hsu Pai, 220–21
ships, shipbuilding
Arab, 81
astrologers and geomancers on, 41
Chinese, 11–15, 39–40, 41–42, 273–74
in Chinese ports, 40, 95, 119
designs of, 183, 236–37
in Florence, 84
from India, 39–40
interpreters on, 15, 16, 41
locks for, 196, 202, 204, 207–9, 211–14, 253
Spanish, 286
in Venetian ports, 74–75
weapons on, 220–21, 222, 224, 227
see also boat, paddle-wheel; junks, Chinese; specific ships
Shu-shu Chiu-chang, 16, 148–49, 161, 162–63
Shu Xian, 47
Shuyu Zhouzi Lu (Yan), 18, 133
Siderius nuncius [Starry messenger] (Galileo), 249
silk, 40, 44, 46, 52, 57, 65, 73, 74, 76, 81, 87, 197–201, 204–5, 214, 272, 275
Silk Road, 69
silver
from the Andes, 253, 274, 275, 284
in Cairo markets, 55, 57
Chinese trade in, 197
as currency, 19, 133, 134
gold and, 115
in Saint-Dié, 115
Sima Qian, 169
Simocatta, Theophylactis, 132
sine tables, 143, 243–44
Sixtus V, pope, 224
slaves, female, 20, 45, 46, 68, 70, 81, 82, 86–87
Soderini, Gonfalier Pier, 117
solar system, 90–91, 157, 159, 176, 243, 245
see also specific parts of the solar system
Song dynasty, 15, 22, 46, 134, 219, 220
South America
Asian chickens in, 252
Croatian expedition to, 67
Guadelupe Virgin image in, 284
Incas in, 287
Magellan’s expedition to, 101, 130
maps of, 77, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 127, 128, 129, 238, 242
snails from, 252
sweet potatoes from, 252
wrecked Chinese junks in, 269–77
see also America; New World; North America
Southern Cross, 240
South Pole, 131
Souza Tavares, Francis de, 78
Spain, Spanish, 253, 278–88
Spencer, John, 216–17
Speyer, Johanne von, 235
Spice Islands, 130, 239, 240
spices, 57, 58, 65, 74, 94, 95, 97, 119, 120, 122, 125, 240
Spini family, 87
squares, 15, 16
Sri Lanka, 38, 40, 42
“Starry Night” (software), 90, 150–51
stars, 27–28, 29–38, 42, 43, 90–91, 92, 93, 108, 135, 137, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 157, 243, 247
steel, 14, 214, 216–19, 223, 227, 252
Steele, Harvey, 266
Stock, Manuel, 240
Strabo, 51
Strozzi family, 89
Sui dynasty, 207, 231
Sumatra, 42
sun, 25–26, 27, 29–38, 43, 90–91, 92, 135, 137–39, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146–48, 149, 150, 151, 153–54, 156, 158, 159, 160, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253
sundials, 145
Sung dynasty, 54, 168, 169, 221, 226
surveying, 16, 149, 157, 159, 163, 164–65, 183
sweet potatoes, 252
Swerdlow, Noel M., 245, 246, 247
Tabula (Regiomontanus), 108
Tabulae diretorium (Copernicus), 244
Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw,” 181–87
Alberti and, 158, 212, 213
on Chinese inventions, 161, 163, 164, 189–94, 202–3, 204, 209, 211, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 254
di Georgio and, xiv, 182, 184–87, 211, 212
Leonardo da Vinci and, xiv, 195–96, 212
Tafur, Piero, 44
Taicang stele, 9, 13
Tai Peng Wang, xiii, 17, 27–28, 37, 40, 42, 45, 132
Talks at Fisherman’s Rock (Shih), 220–21
Tamburlaine, 54
Tang dynasty, 8, 9, 54, 197, 206, 207, 219, 231
Tang Xiren, 37, 42
Ta-Yen rule, 148–49, 161
Tazi merchant, 46
teak, 11
telescope, 145, 249, 250
Tello, Julio, 273
Temple, Robert, 207, 221
theft, 57
Thompson, Gunnar, 66, 128, 129
Tian Wen Shu, 18
Tibet, 77, 82, 207
Tierra del Fuego, 126, 131, 279
time, Chinese calculation of, 36–37
Times Atlas of World Exploration, The, xii
torquetum, 34, 140, 142, 143, 145, 154, 158
Toscanelli, Paolo, xiv, 83, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94–100, 101, 104, 107, 109, 113, 114, 118–26, 127, 128, 130, 134, 136–40, 142, 143, 147, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 182, 238, 242, 243, 248, 251, 254
Trattato manuscripts, 179–80, 181, 193, 195, 203, 204, 211
Travels of the Infante, Dom Pedro of Portugal, The (Rogers), 77–78
trebuchet, 225
triangles, right-angle, 16
trigonometry, 15, 16, 18, 26, 136, 143, 147, 158, 163, 183, 244
Tso Chuan, 167
tsunami, 259–68, 269–70, 276–77
Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard (Bryant), 259–60
Tupac Yupanqui, 273, 275, 276
Tuscany, 20, 82, 86–87, 157, 200, 224
see also Florence
Uhle, Max, 273
Ulugh Begh, 139
Uzielli, Gustavo, 98, 121, 147
Valdivia, Pedro de, 280
Vancouver, George, 265
Vancouver Island, 74, 264–66, 267, 268–69
Vecci, Giustizieri, 235
Veneziano, Antonio, 76
Venice, Venetians, 77–82
Alexandria route to, 69, 70, 71, 72–73
Chinese female slaves in, 68
Chinese trade with, 38, 73, 242–43
Croatian coast controlled by, 241–42
DNA of, 69, 71
Eugenius IV born in, 96
Florence and, 86, 198
galleys built and manned by, 41, 71–72
Ottoman navy defeated by, 92
patent law in, 200–201
Piedmont and, 215
printing in, 234–37
silk industry in, 200–201, 204
spice trade with, 58
wealth of, 64–65, 74–76, 85, 157
see also specific sites; specific Venetians
Verona, 76, 79, 80, 198, 199, 200, 214–15
Vespucci, Amerigo, 38, 89, 112, 117–18, 127, 129, 130, 139, 140, 151, 152, 243
Vicenza, 76, 198, 200
Vienna, Austrian National Library in, 108
Viracocha, emperor of the Incas, 280
Visconti, Filippo, 210
Visconti family, 89
Vitruvius, 187
Waldseemüller, Martin, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106–7, 110–28, 129, 165, 238, 265
Walther, Bernard, 108
Wang Chen, 168, 188, 201
Wang Gui, 19
Wang Heng, 13
Wang Jinghong, xv, 7, 13, 43
Wang Qi, 129
Wang Zhen, 232
Washington Potters, 268
water clock, Chinese, 36–37
water levels, 16
weapons, 21, 41, 45–46, 171–74, 175, 182, 187, 219–30, 237, 253
see also specific weapons
weavers, weaving, 134, 200
Wertime, Theodore A., 217–18
wheat, 52, 201
White, Lynn, 82, 177
Whyte, Adele, 258–59
Wieser, Franz Von, 66
Wollongong University, 260, 261
wool, 86, 87, 200, 275, 280, 282
wrecks, of Chinese junks, 10
on American west coast, 263–64, 266–70
in Australia, 262–63
in Japan, xiv, 221
machines for lifting, xiv in New Zealand, 257, 258, 259–62
in Western Canada, 263–65
Wu-ching Tsung-yao, 21, 204, 226
Wu Ti, 197
Wu Zheng, 19
Wu Zhong, 13
Xheng He, 123–24
Xia Yuanji, 5
Xi Feilong, 37, 42
Xi Longfei, 10
Ximénes, Leonardo, 138
Xiyu Shu, 18
Xi Zezong, 26, 250
Xuan De, emperor of China, xiii, xv, 6, 7, 8, 14, 19, 20, 22, 24, 41–42, 45, 81, 124, 235, 265–66
Xuanzong Shi-lu, 7
Yan Congjian, 18, 133
Yang, emperor of China, 207
Yang Xi, 37, 42
Yang Yao, 22
Yang Zhen, 13
Yen, Prince of, 4
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Yongle, 4, 17
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Yongle Dadian, 14–16, 164, 233
Yoshamya, Mitjel, 67, 68
You Ton, 47