Wayfinding

by M. R. O'Connor

  Euahlayi people

  European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Laboratory

  evidential (conjectural) knowledge

  executive functioning

  Finney, Ben

  fMRI research

  focal things

  Frake, Charles

  Freud, Sigmund

  Friesen, Max

  Frobisher, Martin

  Gage, Rusty

  Gallistel, Charles

  Gammage, Bill

  garden warblers

  Gatty, Harold

  career of

  Nature Is Your Guide

  Gell, Alfred

  Genesis (story understanding system)

  Genz, Joe

  geolocation technology. See also GPS

  Gibson, Eleanor

  Gibson, James

  Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, The

  ecological psychology

  Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, The

  and wayfinding

  Gibson Desert

  Gillen, Francis

  Ginzburg, Carlo

  Gladwin, Thomas

  Glenberg, Arthur

  globalism

  Golledge, Reginald

  Golovnev, Andrei

  Google Maps

  Gooley, Tristan

  Gould, Carol Grant

  Gould, James

  GPS devices

  and caribou hunting

  and cultural identity

  effects on brain of

  used by Syrian refugees

  user statistics

  and wayfinding as meaning

  Guugu Yimithirr (Aboriginal language group)

  H.M. See Molaison, Henry

  Hai||om San

  dead reckoning skills

  !hus (classification system of ecological landscapes and people)

  and language

  and “topographical gossip”

  Hall, Charles Francis

  Hall, Granville

  Hallendy, Norman

  Harney, Bill (father)

  Life among the Aborigines

  Harney, Bill Yidumduma (son)

  Born under the Paperbark Tree

  Dark Sparklers

  Haviland, John

  healthcare

  Heaphy, Charles

  Heft, Harry

  Heidegger, Martin

  Hercus, Luise

  Heyerdahl, Thor

  Higgs, Eric

  Higgs boson

  hippocampus

  and Alzheimer’s disease

  and childhood development

  and cognitive mapping

  and depression

  and episodic memory

  as grand organizer of the brain

  grid cells

  head-direction cells

  and natural selection

  place cells

  pyramidal neurons

  role in spatial memory

  volume of

  Hofer, Johannes

  Hōkūleʻa (Polynesian voyaging canoe)

  Holm, Gustav

  Holmes, Tommy

  Holt, E. B.

  Homo sapiens

  honeybees

  Hore, Peter

  Horton, Travis

  Hudson Bay Company (HBC)

  Hume, David

  hunter-gatherer societies

  Neolithic Revolution and de-skilling

  San people (formerly known as “Bushmen”)

  hunter-gatherer theory of spatial ability

  Huth, John

  Hyndman, Will

  Hyperloop One

  Ibn Battuta

  Igloolik, Nunavut

  iglu

  Indigenous Peoples’ Bio Cultural Climate Change Assessment Initiative

  Industrial Age

  inertial navigation. See dead reckoning

  Ingold, Tim

  Inhelder, Bärbel

  Innuksuk, Nyla

  Institutio oratoria (Quintilian)

  Inuit Heritage Trust

  Inuit people

  and Christian missionaries

  facial tattooing

  forced relocation of

  history of contact with qallunaat (white people)

  and Hudson Bay Company

  and Igloolik (island)

  and post–World War II social engineering programs

  pragmatism of

  and residential schools

  routes and trails

  scholarship on Inuit navigation

  shamanism

  speed of transition to modernity

  and Thule people (Neoeskimos)

  transition from subsistence activities to fur trading

  See also Awa, Solomon; dogsledding and dogsledders

  inuksuit (Inuit structures made of stones)

  aluqarrik (marks spot to kill caribou)

  aulaqqut (used to frighten caribou)

  nalunaikkutaq (“deconfuser”)

  niungvaliruluk (with window used to align oneself)

  purposes of

  turaarut (points to something)

  Iqaluit

  Ishikawa, Toru

  Istomin, Kirill

  James, William

  psychologist’s fallacy

  Jawoyn people

  Jeffery, Kate

  Joel, Korent

  Johnson, Vivien

  Jomornji, Joe

  Kaku, Michio

  Kalahari Basin. See also San people

  Kāne, Herb

  Kant, Immanuel

  Kelen, Alson

  Kerwin, Dale

  Khanty people

  Kirschvink, Joseph

  Kublai Khan

  Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth

  Kumar-Rao, Arati

  Kunuk, Zacharias

  labyrinth

  language

  and absolute frame of reference

  evolution of in humans

  and gender

  human protolanguage

  and relative frame of reference

  See also storytelling and story understanding

  Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

  Lavenex, Pierre

  Lawford, Putuparri Tom

  Lawton, Carol

  LeBlanc, Sylvie

  Leibniz, Gottfried

  Levinson, Stephen

  Lewis, David

  Shapes on the Wind

  Lichtman, Jeff

  Liebenberg, Louis

  Lindbergh, Anne Morrow

  Lindbergh, Charles

  Lohmann, Kenneth

  Lord, Albert

  Low, Sam

  Lubinski, David

  Luce, Henry

  MacDonald, John

  MacRury, Ken

  magical thinking

  magnetic fields, magnetism

  magnetite

  magneto-reception

  magnetogenetics

  Maguire, Eleanor

  Malaurie, Jean

  Marinetti, Filippo

  Maroadunei (Ngandi man)

  Marozzi, Elizabeth

  Marshall Islands

  Irooj (chiefs)

  and Pacific War

  ruprup jokur (lost navigational training, “breaking open the turtle shell”)

  and U.S. nuclear weapons testing

  wave piloting

  Matthews, Luke

  Mauro, Ian

  Mazzullo, Nuccio

  McBryde, Isabel

  McLeman, Robert

  McCoy, Mike

  McLuhan, Marshall

  McNair, Matty

  Mead, Margaret

  Meehan, Betty

  memory and memorization

  and Greek myth of Ariadne’s thread

  The Knowledge London taxi driver test

  method of loci

  rote memory

  semantic memory

  “super memorizers”

  See also amnesia; episodic memory; semantic memory

  memoryscape, definition of

  mental map theory

  Mercator, G
erardus

  Merlan, Francesca

  Meta Incognita Peninsula

  Mick, Wintinna

  Middendorff, Alexander von

  migration

  annual and multiyear

  of aphids

  of Arctic terns

  of Bermuda fireworms

  of birds

  and circadian clocks

  and climate change

  and DNA

  of dragonflies

  early human

  and hippocampus size

  of humpback whales

  international statistics for, 2015

  of Inuit from Baffin Island to Greenland

  and magnetism

  of monarch butterflies

  and nostalgia

  one-way

  of Pawnee

  Polynesian

  refugees

  vertical

  of zooplankton

  migratory syndromes

  Milner, Brenda

  Minotaur (mythological figure)

  Minsky, Marvin

  Moana (Disney film)

  Molaison, Henry (H.M.)

  monarch butterflies

  Musk, Elon

  musk ox

  Musker, John

  Myers, Fred

  Nadel, Lynn

  natural selection

  and bio-compass theory

  and convergent evolution

  and executive functions

  and hippocampal volume in humans

  and novelty-seeking or risk-taking

  and tracking

  and wayfinding

  Naumann, Johann Andreas

  Nelson, Richard

  Nenets people

  Neoeskimos (Thule people)

  Neolithic Revolution

  Newcombe, Nora

  Newell, Alison

  Newton, Isaac

  Niffenegger, Audrey

  Noble-Nowdluk, Sean

  nonegocentric cognition. See also allocentric perspective

  Norris, Ray

  North Star

  Northwest Passage

  novelty-seeking traits and behavior

  Nunavut

  Nunavut Arctic College

  Nunavut Research Institute

  Nunn, Patrick

  Nuttall, Mark

  Nuttall, Peter

  Oceania

  Caroline Islands

  and colonialism

  dilep (wave patterns between islands)

  drua

  etak (Pulawatan star-based navigation system)

  Hōkūleʻa (Polynesian voyaging canoe)

  Marshall Islands

  Marshallese wave piloting

  migration to

  Polynesian Voyaging Society

  Pulawat

  Waan Aelon in Majel (Canoes of the Marshall Islands, WAM)

  O’Keefe, John

  Packard, Mark

  Paleoeskimos

  Parry, William

  path integration. See dead reckoning

  Patterson, Dudley

  Pawnee people

  Pederson, Eric

  Peplinski, Lynn

  Pernau, Ferdinand von

  Phaedrus (Socrates)

  physical exercise

  and neurogenesis

  in preadolescence

  Piaget, Jean

  Piailug, Pius Mau

  pigeons

  hippocampi in

  homing pigeons

  passenger pigeons

  Pitjantjatjara people

  place cells

  place-learning

  place-names

  plankton

  Pliny the Elder

  Pollack, Lisa

  Polo, Marco

  Polynesian Voyaging Society

  post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  practical mastery theory of navigation

  practical space

  Private Universe, The (documentary)

  ptarmigan

  Ptolemy

  qallunaat (white person)

  qamutiik (open sled)

  qimugiuk (tapered ridge)

  Qitdlarssuaq (Inuit shaman)

  Quintilian

  Rakosi, Carl

  Rasmussen, Knud

  Raymond, Elsie

  refugees

  and climate change

  Syrian

  World War II

  Reid, Nicholas

  Roggeveen, Jacob

  rootedness

  Rose, Deborah Bird

  Ross, John

  route knowledge

  Rubin, David

  Rundstrom, Robert

  Sacks, Oliver

  Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de

  Sami people

  San people (formerly known as “Bushmen”)

  Hai||om San

  restricted mobility of

  Santschi, Felix

  Sapir, Edward

  Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  sastrugi (windswept snow patterns used for navigation)

  nigiq (east-southeast wind, male)

  uangnaq (west-northwest wind, female)

  uluangnaq (new snow in soft mounds)

  uqalurait (hardened snow that keeps its shape)

  uqaluraq (tongue-shaped snow)

  scene-construction theory

  schizophrenia

  Schooler, Jonathan

  Schulten, Klaus

  Scott, James

  Sea Hero Quest (video game)

  semantic memory

  definition of

  episodic memory compared with

  and hippocampus

  Sen, Gertrude Emerson

  Sharp, Charles Andrew

  Shaw-Williams, Kim

  Sherlock Holmes (fictional character)

  Shultz, Susanne

  Simonides of Ceos

  Simplicius

  Small, Willard

  smartphones

  snow. See sastrugi

  snowmobiles

  Society of Woman Geographers

  song-cycles

  songlines

  Souman, Jan

  South Pacific. See Oceania

  Spencer, Walter Baldwin

  Spiers, Hugo

  Stanley, Julian

  Stanner, W. E. H.

  Stewart, Mick

  Stilgoe, John

  stimulus-response memories

  stimulus-response navigation strategies

  stones. See inuksuit

  storytelling and story understanding

  and Dreaming tracks

  Genesis (story understanding system)

  and hunter-gatherer societies

  merge hypothesis

  and social trackways theory

  story maps

  storylines

  story-strings

  Strong Story Hypothesis

  Street, Jawurji Mervyn

  Sugiyama, Michelle Scalise

  survey knowledge

  Sustainable Sea Transport Research Programme

  Sutton, Peter

  Tarrago, Isabel (Arrernte elder)

  Tatarinow, Sotnik

  Taukie, Daniel

  taxonomy, Inuit

  anirniliit (those that breathe)

  nunarait (things that grow)

  uumajuit (everything that moves)

  Teki, Sundeep

  Tesla

  @lostTesla

  Theseus and the Minotaur (Greek myth)

  Thompson, Nainoa

  Thule people (Neoeskimos)

  Tindale, Norman

  Tjakamarra, Freddy West

  Tjakamarra, Long Jack Phillipus

  Tjampitjinpa, Anatjari

  Tjangala, Jeffrey

  Tjangala, Uta Uta

  Tjangala, Yapa Yapa

  Tjapaltjarri, Billy Stockman

  Tjupurrula, Nosepeg

  Tolman, Edward

  topophilia

  tracking

  as oldest science

  in San culture

  social trackways theory

  Transylvanus, Maxim
ilian

  Travaglia, Alessio

  Tuan, Yi-Fu

  Tukturjuit (Inuktitut word for Big Dipper)

  Tulving, Endel

  Tungilik, Dominique

  Tupaia (Tahitian priest and navigator)

  Turing, Alan

  Turnbull, David

  Uexküll, Jakob von

  umwelt (environment)

  Ussak, Leo

  uumajuit (Inuit taxonomy classification: everything that moves)

  pisuktiit (walkers, such as human, caribou, and musk ox)

  tingmiat (things that fly)

  van Vledder, Gerbrant

  Vanhoenacker, Mark

  Vinogradova, Olga

  virtual reality

  von Frisch, Karl

  Vycinas, Vincent

  Wachowich, Nancy

  walkabout

  Wangkajunga people

  Wangkamadla

  Wangkangurru people

  wave piloting

  wayfaring

  wayfinding

  and age of Inuits

  and climate change

  dead reckoning compared with

  definition of

  and ecological psychology

  exploratory

  and gender

  mental map versus practical mastery theories

  and natural selection

  and place-names

  and topophilia

  turn-by-turn directions compared with

  Wehner, Rüdiger

  Weil, Simone

  Weltfish, Gene

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies

  Western Desert Art Movement

  White, Norman

  Whorf, Benjamin Lee

  Widlok, Thomas

  Willkie, Wendell

  Wilson, Matt

  Wiltschko, Roswitha

  Wiltschko, Wolfgang

  Winston, Patrick Henry

  wolves

  Woollett, Katherine

  World War I

  World War II

  Wrangel, Ferdinand von

  Yarlott, Wolfgang Victor Hayden

  Yates, Frances

  Yibuluyma, Ludi

  Zola-Morgan, Stuart

  zooplankton

  ALSO BY M. R. O’CONNOR

  Resurrection Science:

  Conservation, De-Extinction and the Precarious Future of Wild Things

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  M. R. O’CONNOR’s reporting has appeared online in the New Yorker, Foreign Policy, Slate, The Atlantic, and Nautilus. The author also of Resurrection Science: Conservation, De-Extinction and the Precarious Future of Wild Things, her stories have received support from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, The Nation Institute’s Investigative Fund, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In 2016 she was a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT. A graduate of Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism, she lives in Flatbush, Brooklyn. You can sign up for email updates here.

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