Bhakti and Embodiment

by Barbara A Holdrege

  Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa 364n39, 364n41, 364n43

  Jaipur 102, 233–234, 339n143

  Jai Siṅgh II 233–234

  Janārdana 67; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n78

  Japanese traditions 323n35, 374n78

  Jatīpurā 4

  jātis: see castes

  Jayākhya Saṃhitā 286–287, 292–293, 389n57, 390n58

  Jewish traditions 322n35

  Jha, Ganganatha 357n226

  Jīva Gosvāmin 26, 28, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37–39, 40, 42–43, 46, 48, 74, 77, 84, 86, 88, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 140, 141–157, 176–177, 178, 179–180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186–187, 188–189, 210, 212–213, 217, 219, 224, 229, 230, 235, 236, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251–270, 277–286, 288–293, 295, 296, 297, 302–303, 306, 312, 328n91, 329n98, 329n102, 330nn4–5, 330nn14–15, 331n17, 331nn23–25, 332nn39–40, 332n43, 332–333n44, 333nn46–47, 333n52, 333–334n54, 334n58, 336n99, 337n117, 339nn140–141, 340nn19–20, 340n23, 340–341n23, 341n27, 341n37, 342n57, 343nn62–63, 343n66, 353n163, 354n179, 357n228, 357n230, 358nn247–248, 358n250, 358n252, 360nn305–306, 360n311, 361n318, 361n328, 361n333, 361–362n335, 366n77, 366n85, 367n117, 369n141, 380n176, 385n257, 385n261, 385n265, 385n272, 386nn288–289, 389n40, 390–391n74, 391n75; see also specific works

  jīvas: as aṃśas/parts of Kṛṣṇa/Bhagavān 15, 33, 35, 44, 45, 85, 93, 94, 99, 106, 181, 301; and āveśa-avatāras 67; in eternal relationship with Kṛṣṇa/Bhagavān 15, 35, 45, 85, 101, 106–107, 306, 311, 313, 314; and jīva-śakti 33, 35, 67, 85, 181; and māyā-śakti 33, 35, 48, 67, 85, 94, 99, 106, 181, 301, 314, 315; see also bodies of jīvas/beings; svarūpa of jīvas or bhaktas

  jñāna, discourse of xiii, 18, 143, 166, 274, 304

  jñāna-mārga (path of knowledge) 29, 41, 44, 84, 191, 305, 333n44; see also Advaita Vedānta

  Johnson, Mark 321n21

  Kabīr 25

  kaivalya (absolute isolation) 14, 43, 45, 105, 106, 184, 305, 344n78

  Kālī 288

  Kālindī: see Yamunā River

  Kāliya (serpent) 208, 214, 221, 232, 243, 247

  Kāliya-hrada 208, 214, 221, 232, 243, 247, 263

  Kali Yuga 50, 61, 65, 66, 67, 73, 77, 109, 116, 118, 131, 133–134, 136, 138, 145, 149, 152–153, 154, 156, 170–171, 172, 176, 182, 189–191, 193, 197, 232, 337n117, 354n174, 369n145, 369n147, 370n156

  Kalki: as āveśa-avatāra 53fig2, 67; as āveśa līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60–61, 64, 67, 336n99; as one of daśa-avatāras 60–61, 64

  kalpa (day of Brahmā) 50, 56, 59, 60, 61, 64, 69, 71, 116, 117, 129, 130, 142, 159, 160, 169, 245, 298, 299, 330n7, 348n53

  Kaṃsa 1, 205, 255

  Kāmyavana 214, 220, 231, 241–242, 249, 253

  Kāñcīpuram 55, 78, 327n81

  Kane, Pandurang Vaman 349nn68–69, 350n88

  Kapila 374n80; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 63, 336n99; as prābhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 63

  Kāraṇābdhiśāyin Viṣṇu: as ādi avatāra 57–58; as aṃśa 58, 70, 298; as antar-yāmin/indwelling Self of entire material realm 57, 70, 298; contains all jīvas in latent form 70, 299; encompasses all Brahmā-universes/cosmos bodies 57, 70, 298; as first puruṣa-avatāra 53fig2, 57–58, 69–70, 298, 299, 335n85; initiates sarga/primary creation 57, 70, 298, 299; as manifestation of Saṃkarṣaṇa 56–58, 335n85; as source of līlā-avatāras 58

  karma 13, 14, 94–95, 101, 105, 138, 154, 172, 173, 175, 183, 184, 188, 238, 264, 300–301, 311–312, 315; see also karmic impressions or residues

  karma-mārga (path of action) 29, 191

  karmic impressions or residues 13, 14, 94, 95, 105, 138, 154, 172, 173, 175, 183, 184, 238, 312; see also saṃskāras

  Kashmir Śaiva traditions xiii–xiv, 19–20, 86, 347n22, 389n57

  Kasulis, Thomas P. 321n21, 323nn35–36, 324n49

  Katz, Marion Holmes 323n35

  Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa (Śāṅkhāyana Brāhmaṇa) 364n36, 364n39

  Kāvya-Prakāśa (Mammaṭa) 86

  Keane, Angela 322n32

  Keller, Evelyn Fox 322n32

  Keśava 203, 220, 288; and Mathurā 55, 212, 213, 214, 230, 241; mūrti/image of 55, 212, 213, 214, 230, 240–241; temples of 374n82; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 55, 335n77, 390n64

  Keśava Bhāratī 41, 332n32

  Keśī (horse-demon) 209, 214, 232, 243

  Keśi-tīrtha 214, 232, 243

  Khadiravana 214, 220, 231–232, 241–242, 249, 253, 377n115

  Khuri, Faud I. 323n35

  Kinsley, David R. 319n2

  Kirfel, Willibald 349n68

  kīrtana or saṃkīrtana (singing) 5, 6, 24, 66, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 133, 134, 139, 154, 156, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174–175, 176, 177, 185, 187, 188, 189–197, 213, 269, 272, 300, 301, 339n140, 341–342n41, 344n74, 353n157, 360n309, 361n318, 362n1, 365n57, 365n59, 365n64, 366n75, 366n77, 369n145, 369n147, 370n156, 370nn165–166

  kleśas (afflictions) 14, 105, 212, 240

  Ko, Dorothy 323n41

  Koller, John M. 324n51, 324n55

  Kramadīpikā 288–289

  Kristeva, Julia 10, 322n29

  Kṛṣṇa: see avatāras of Kṛṣṇa; divine bodies or forms of Kṛṣṇa; Kṛṣṇa, life and līlā episodes; Kṛṣṇa, nature of; līlā of Kṛṣṇa; prakāśas of Kṛṣṇa; śaktis of Kṛṣṇa; svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa; vilāsas of Kṛṣṇa; vyūhas of Kṛṣṇa

  Kṛṣṇa, life and līlā episodes: born in Mathurā 1, 201, 211, 212, 213, 230, 241, 255, 273, 371n6; bound by Yaśodā to mortar 206, 215, 269; as butter thief 205, 206, 215, 221, 232, 242, 373n38; in care of Nanda and Yaśodā 1, 90, 201, 205, 255; carried by Vasudeva across Yamunā River 1, 201; establishes kingdom in Dvārakā 1, 201, 255; as friend 2, 208; as gopa/cowherd of Vraja or Vṛndāvana 2, 37, 38–39, 206, 210; gopas as cowherd friends of 2, 5, 35, 88, 90, 98, 193, 194, 202, 204, 206, 208–209, 225, 275, 285, 297, 301–302, 371n6; gopīs as cowmaiden lovers of 2, 35, 73, 83–84, 88, 90, 98, 193, 194, 202, 204, 208, 209, 225, 266, 275, 282, 285, 297, 301–302, 371n6; as heroic 2, 92, 174, 205, 208–209, 214, 371n6; as keeper of cows 4, 5, 50, 203, 204, 205, 216, 255, 258, 260, 282; lifts and holds aloft Mount Govardhana 3, 4, 207–208, 214–215, 231, 241, 243, 276; Lord of Gokula 216, 241, 244; Lord of Vraja or Vṛndāvana 179, 216, 224; love-play with gopīs/cowmaidens 35, 84, 120, 205, 209, 280, 339n8, 371n6; love-play with Rādhā 5, 73, 231, 244, 280, 376n104; as lover 2, 36, 73, 83–84, 90, 92, 208, 266; manifests cosmic form to Arjuna 37; as mischievous child 2, 90, 204, 205, 206, 215, 232, 242; moves with cowherd encampment to Vṛndāvana 206; overturns cart 205–206, 215, 242, 269; proclaims wisdom of Bhagavad-Gītā to Arjuna 1–2; as protector of residents of Vraja 2, 3, 205, 207–209, 214–215, 231, 243; Rādhā as cowmaiden lover of 4, 5, 73; rāsa-līlā/circle dance 7, 35, 51, 194, 205, 208, 209, 227, 232, 241, 256, 262, 280, 339n8, 340–341n23, 370n165, 373n58; shows to Yaśodā universe in his mouth 206; as slayer of demons 2, 61–62, 205, 208–209, 214, 215, 221, 231, 232, 243; slays bull-demon Ariṣṭa 209, 215, 231; slays evil uncle Kaṃsa 1, 255; slays horse-demon Keśī 209, 214, 232, 243; slays infant-slaying demoness Pūtanā 205, 221; slays serpent-demon Agha 208–209; son of Devakī 207, 351n116; son of Nanda 47, 179, 232–233, 249, 280, 285; son of Vasudeva and Devakī 1, 37, 38, 51, 201, 251, 255; son of Yaśodā 179; steals garments of gopīs 221, 232; subdues serpent Kāliya 208, 214, 221, 232, 243; uproots pair of arjuna trees 206, 215, 221, 232, 242; as wonder baby 205–206; as Yādava prince 1, 37, 51, 89, 201, 251, 255; see also līlā

  Kṛṣṇa, nature of: as ādi-puruṣa 258, 260; as avatāra of Viṣṇu 74; as avatārin 20, 46–47, 51, 58, 62, 68, 75, 306–307, 330n5, 333–334n54; Bhagavān as highest aspect of 32–33, 36, 40, 43, 44, 277, 279, 304–305; and Brahmā 37–38, 69, 125, 128–129, 130, 152, 169, 204, 207, 242, 253–254, 282, 283–284, 330n15; and Brahman 15, 20, 32–33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45–46, 48, 49, 62, 70–71, 74, 88, 100, 113, 114, 125, 128, 130, 131, 152, 171, 175–176, 179, 204, 207, 210, 222, 224–225, 229, 251, 253, 264,
265–266, 279, 298, 304–305, 310, 330n3; Brahman as lowest or partial aspect of 32–33, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45–46, 62, 152, 279, 304–305; and Devī 125; and gods 47, 69, 125, 127, 131, 139, 151, 154, 209, 223, 246, 262, 288–289, 297, 311, 390n70; guṇas/qualities of 32, 43, 61, 92, 96, 97, 99–100, 154–155, 156, 170, 174, 183–184, 267, 272, 278–279, 280–281, 293, 301, 302, 305, 360n309, 361n318; infinite qualities of 32, 43, 305; and Lakṣmī 203, 242, 288; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60–62, 336n99; as Mahāpuruṣa 69; and Nārāyaṇa 49, 54, 71, 73, 114, 175, 218, 226, 227–228, 287, 298; as one of daśa-avatāras 60–61; Paramātman as intermediary or partial aspect of 32–33, 40, 44, 45–46, 56, 90, 152, 279, 304–305; as parāvastha līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 61–62; as personal Godhead 15, 20, 32, 40, 43, 44, 74, 104, 107, 264, 265, 274, 305, 310, 313; personhood of 15, 46–47, 107, 171, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 315; as primordial Puruṣa 128, 151–152, 203; as pūrṇa Bhagavān 15, 33, 62, 90, 100, 107, 152, 251, 268, 269, 277, 279, 280, 305; and puruṣa(s) 32, 37, 44, 259, 305; and Śabdabrahman 114, 347n30; as śaktimat/possessor of innumerable śaktis 32, 33–34, 43, 47, 62, 72, 180; and Śiva 69, 125, 242, 306; six qualities of 61; as supreme Bhagavān 15, 88, 128, 129, 130, 133, 150, 169, 171, 174, 179, 203, 207, 209, 229, 271, 273, 306, 310, 313, 314, 315; as supreme Godhead 1, 6, 20, 31, 32, 36, 39, 43, 44, 45, 71, 74, 75, 85, 104, 107, 113, 114, 117, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 143, 144, 155, 171, 179, 181, 182, 183, 203, 211, 213, 232, 238, 246, 248, 264, 265, 274, 280, 282, 287, 288, 290, 306–307, 309, 384n244; as supreme Puruṣa 44, 45, 154, 172, 305; as svayaṃ Bhagavān 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 44, 46–47, 48, 54, 60–61, 62, 68, 71, 74, 76, 90, 126, 151, 152, 175–176, 196, 245, 254, 276, 279, 296, 305, 330n5, 333–334n54; three aspects of 32–33, 40, 44, 45–46, 298, 304–305, 306, 330n3; as ultimate reality 74, 128; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n78; and Viṣṇu 37, 51, 54, 57–58, 59, 69–70, 73, 74–76, 89, 114, 125, 171, 218, 225, 226, 228, 240, 242, 245, 279, 287, 288, 298, 299, 305, 306–307, 326n72, 343n66, 373n61; and Vyāsa 36–37, 39, 117, 128–129, 130, 131–132, 147, 151–152, 155, 157, 270, 271, 275–277, 282, 331n25, 360n306; as yuga-avatāra 65–66; see also aiśvarya; Bhagavān; Brahman; mādhurya; Paramātman; svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa

  Kṛṣṇacaitanya Caritāmṛta (Murāri Gupta) 370n156

  Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja 26, 28, 31, 40, 46, 48–49, 50–61, 64–68, 72–73, 77–78, 84, 86, 94, 95, 98, 100, 101, 104, 140, 153, 176, 177, 179–183, 184–185, 187–188, 189–197, 229, 230–233, 236, 248, 256, 257, 283, 285, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303, 306, 309, 318, 320n15, 328n89, 329n103, 330n3, 330n5, 333n52, 334n58, 334n68, 334n70, 335n83, 335nn85–86, 337n120, 337n123, 338nn129–130, 341n23, 342n45, 343n63, 343n67, 356n217, 356n219, 360n299, 366n78, 367n94, 367n100, 367n111, 367n113, 369n140, 369nn147–148, 370n153, 370n162, 379n151, 380n171, 385n273, 389n53, 390n64; see also specific works

  Kṛṣṇaloka: and ādi catur-vyūhas or prābhava-vilāsas 54, 74, 260, 297, 311; attainment of residence in 139, 354n174; as beyond Brahman 35, 48, 49, 70–71, 229, 251, 298, 310; as beyond material realm of prakṛti 35, 48, 49, 70–71, 251, 298, 310; as beyond material space-time continuum 48, 70–71, 229, 255, 296, 310; comprises three dhāmans/realms 34, 48, 71, 229, 230, 251, 254–255, 258, 334n58; descent of dhāmans/realms of 254–255; as domain of aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā 34, 35, 48, 229, 251, 254–255; Dvārakā as dhāman/realm of 34, 48, 71, 229, 251, 254–255, 256, 258, 260, 297, 311; as eternal 48, 310; as Mahāvaikuṇṭha 251, 258; Mathurā as dhāman/realm of 34, 48, 71, 229, 251, 254–255, 256, 258, 260, 297, 311; as nonmaterial 48, 310; ontology of dhāmans/realms of 230, 250, 251; and Paravyoman 48, 49, 54, 70–71, 74, 251, 256, 296, 297, 298, 310, 311; as pericarp of lotus-maṇḍala 49, 70–71, 256, 296, 297, 298, 310; and svarūpa-śakti 34, 48, 310; term 34, 134, 229, 251; as transcendent dhāman/abode of Kṛṣṇa 34, 48, 74, 133, 134, 139, 229, 251, 258, 260, 297, 298, 310, 354n174; as transcendent space/domain 34, 48, 49, 70–71, 74, 133, 134, 139, 229, 251, 254–255, 256, 296, 310, 354n174; transcendent Vraja/Goloka-Vṛndāvana as dhāman/realm of 34, 48, 54, 71, 229, 251, 254–255, 256, 258, 260, 296, 297, 310

  Kṛṣṇa Nāmāṣṭaka (Rūpa Gosvāmin) 176, 179, 182

  Kṛṣṇa-rati (love for Kṛṣṇa) 76–77, 88–89, 91–92, 93, 96, 140, 188, 197, 269–270, 300, 338n136, 340n17, 340n20

  Kṛṣṇa Sandarbha (Jīva Gosvāmin) 28, 31, 33, 37, 46, 48, 229, 230, 236, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251, 256, 257–261, 264–266, 267, 270, 277–278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 330n5, 330n10, 330nn14–15, 331n17, 331nn22–23, 331n25, 331–332n28, 334n58, 336n99, 339n141, 366n85, 380n176, 385n257, 385n263, 385n265, 385n272, 386n289

  Kṛta Yuga: see Satya or Kṛta Yuga

  kṣatriyas (kings and warriors) 60, 123, 184, 325n63, 351n97, 368n121

  Kṣīrodakaśāyin Viṣṇu 71; as aṃśa of an aṃśa of an aṃśa 58, 70, 298; as antar-yāmin/indwelling Self of fourteen worlds 57, 59–60, 70, 298; as antar-yāmin/indwelling Self of jīva bodies 57, 59–60, 70, 299; as guṇa-avatāra, Viṣṇu the maintainer 59, 298; as manifestation of Aniruddha 56–57, 59–60; as source of manvantara-avatāras and yuga-avatāras 58, 60; as third puruṣa-avatāra 53fig2, 57, 58, 59–60, 69–70, 298, 299, 337–338n123

  Kubera 214

  Kugle, Scott 323n35

  Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 142, 143, 357n226

  Kumudavana 214, 220, 230, 241–242, 249, 253

  kuṇḍalinī 13, 19

  kuṇḍas (ponds) 199, 215, 230, 231;

  see also specific kuṇḍas

  Kūrma: as avatāra 74; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60, 61, 62, 336n99; as one of daśa-avatāras 60, 61, 62; as vaibhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62

  Kūrma Purāṇa 114, 119, 125, 347n35

  LaFleur, William R. 322n34

  Laghubhāgavatāmṛta (Rūpa Gosvāmin) 27, 28, 31, 34, 36, 37, 46, 48, 50, 66, 229, 230, 237, 244, 245, 246, 250, 251, 256, 329n101, 330n12, 331n25, 334n56, 334n65, 334n68, 334n70, 335n81, 335nn85–86, 336n99, 336nn105–106, 337nn107–108, 338n123, 340n23, 380n177, 385nn270–271, 386n289, 387n303

  Lakoff, George 321n21

  Lakṣmī: forest of 253; images of 390n65; and Kṛṣṇa 203, 242, 288; and Nārāyaṇa 390n65; as śakti 288

  Lakṣmīdhara 210–211, 237, 380n180

  lakṣmīs: and Kṛṣṇa 258, 260; as śaktis 72; as vaibhava-vilāsas of Rādhā 73; and Viṣṇu 73

  Laqueur, Thomas 321n25, 322n32

  Larson, Gerald James 323n40, 324n51, 324n53, 344n78

  Law, Jane Marie 322nn34–35, 323n41, 324nn44–45

  Lerner, Paul 322–323n35, 323n41

  Levin, David Michael 321n20

  liberation 13, 14–15, 35, 45, 61–62, 83, 104, 105, 106, 131, 133, 138, 156, 165, 170–171, 173–175, 177, 183, 184, 185, 186–187, 190, 212, 215, 222, 238–239, 268, 273, 283, 305–306, 324nn56–57, 344nn77–78, 356n206, 368n131; see also kaivalya; mokṣa or mukti

  līlā (divine play) of Kṛṣṇa: aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā 5–6, 7, 34, 35–36, 48–49, 50, 78, 88, 90, 92–93, 98, 99, 100, 101, 106–107, 229, 246, 250, 251, 253, 254–255, 264, 266, 272, 277, 279, 283–284, 285, 292, 301, 302, 303, 361–362n335, 385n257; aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā cannot be perceived by material senses 250, 254; aṣṭa-kālīya-līlā/eight periods of daily līlā 5, 100, 320n15, 343n67; Bṛhadvana period of līlā 205–206; category of līlā 319n2, 330n8; characterized by aiśvarya/divine majesty 48, 54, 251; characterized by mādhurya/sweetness 5, 48, 50, 54, 251, 256, 280; direct cognition or realization of aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā 5–6, 35–36, 90, 92–93, 99, 100, 101, 106–107, 128, 130, 152, 155, 157, 250–251, 253, 254–255, 269, 271, 272, 277, 279, 280, 285, 292, 301, 302, 303, 361–362n335; dramatic works celebrating 27; in Dvārakā 48–49, 54, 201, 229, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255; in earthly Vraja or Vṛndāvana xiv, 1, 2, 3, 5–6, 7, 34–35, 36, 49, 73, 78, 88, 132, 199, 200, 201, 202–209, 216, 229, 246, 250–251, 252–253, 254–255, 256, 262, 264, 266, 267, 269, 372n29, 372n32; engaged through līlā-kīrtana/singing 5–6, 24, 93, 96, 98, 154–155, 156, 170, 360n309, 361n318; engaged through
līlā-śravaṇa/hearing 6, 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 131, 154–155, 157, 170, 174, 341n37, 360n309, 361n318; engaged through rāsa-līlās/dramatic performances 6–7, 24, 91, 92, 93, 96–97, 321n19, 342n49; goes on eternally 5–6, 7, 34, 35, 48, 50, 88, 90, 92–93, 100, 216, 229, 246, 250, 251, 252–253, 254, 255, 256, 264, 292, 301; of Gopāla Kṛṣṇa 1, 2, 36, 73, 78, 88, 251; and gopas/cowherds 1, 2, 35, 88, 100, 202, 204, 208, 212, 214, 216, 227, 242, 246, 251, 255, 256, 264, 265, 266, 275, 276, 280, 283–284, 301–302; and gopīs/cowmaidens 1, 2, 6–7, 35, 51, 73, 88, 90, 100, 194, 202, 205, 206, 208, 209, 212, 214, 216, 227, 232, 242, 246, 251, 255, 256, 262, 266, 275, 276, 280, 283–284, 301–302, 339n8, 340–341n23; and hlādinī-śakti 34, 35, 90, 256, 266; kaumāra phase of līlā 204, 205–206, 372nn28–29; in Kṛṣṇaloka 34, 35, 48, 229, 251, 254–255; līlā of creation 56, 60, 299; līlā of dharma 56, 60, 299; līlā-śakti 266; and līlā-smaraṇa or smaraṇa/contemplative recollection 93, 94, 96, 98, 99–101, 157, 170, 278–279, 280, 285, 302, 303, 320n15, 343n67, 361–362n335, 370n159, 389n53; and līlā stories/narratives 6, 24, 34, 92, 93, 96, 130, 131, 133, 157, 170, 201, 205, 210, 229, 235, 271; manifests on more than one plane simultaneously 266; mantropāsanā-mayī līlā and svārasikī līlā 283–285, 302–303; and material space-time continuum 49, 209, 229, 250, 255–256; in Mathurā 48–49, 54, 201, 211, 229, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255; and meditation 90, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99–101, 128, 130, 157, 170, 216, 227, 271, 272, 275, 277, 278–281, 283–285, 292, 302–303, 320n15, 343n66, 360n309, 361n318, 361–362n335; methods of engaging 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 154–156, 170, 360n309, 361n318; and parikaras/pārṣadas/eternal associates 35, 88, 92, 93, 99, 155, 246, 250, 251, 255, 264, 266, 280, 281, 285, 292, 301–302, 385n257; participation in aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā 35–36, 92–93, 99, 101, 106–107, 285, 301, 303; paugaṇḍa phase of līlā 204, 205, 206–209, 372n28, 372n32; prakaṭa/manifest līlā 7, 34–35, 49, 60–61, 73, 78, 88, 229, 246, 250–251, 252, 254, 255–256, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 385n257; and Rādhā 5, 6–7, 35, 72, 73, 90, 96–97, 231, 254, 256, 280, 376n104; rahasya-līlā 256, 280; rasa/nectar of līlā 72, 133, 157, 262, 266, 283, 284, 302; role of flute in 2, 203, 204, 209; as self-referral play 35, 72, 92–93, 254, 256; and svarūpa-śakti 34, 35, 88, 255–256, 265; in transcendent dhāmans/abodes 5–6, 7, 34, 229, 250, 251, 254–255; in transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 5–6, 35–36, 48–49, 50, 54, 78, 88, 90, 92–93, 98, 99, 100, 106–107, 216, 229, 246, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255, 256, 262, 264, 266, 272, 275, 277, 279, 280, 281, 283–284, 285, 292, 301, 302, 303; Vṛndāvana period of līlā 205, 206–209; and Vyāsa 128, 130, 152, 157, 271; see also avatāras of Kṛṣṇa: līlā-avatāras; Kṛṣṇa, life and līlā episodes; līlā-sthalas; rāsa-līlā