Bhakti and Embodiment

by Barbara A Holdrege

  śuddha-sattva (pure luminous being) 88, 89, 222, 261, 263, 290, 297, 314

  Sudhāmā: as manvantara-avatāra 53fig2, 65

  śūdras (servants) 123, 131, 138, 150, 184, 185, 325n63, 351n97, 353n157, 368n121

  Śuka 134, 138

  Suleiman, Susan Rubin 322n32

  Sullivan, Bruce M. 345n13

  Sullivan, Lawrence E. 322n34

  svarūpa (essential nature) of jīvas or bhaktas 15, 89, 93, 98, 99, 104, 106, 107, 181, 259, 278, 285, 290, 301–303, 305–306, 313, 314, 315; see also jīvas

  svarūpa (essential nature) of Kṛṣṇa 301, 354n179; consists of sat-cit-ānanda 36, 77, 180, 181, 186–187, 310; and Kṛṣṇa-rati/love 88; as male 392n10; and nāmans/divine names 76, 77, 96, 160, 175–176, 177, 180–181, 183; and svarūpa-śakti 33, 34, 152, 181, 183, 297; and svayaṃ-rūpa/essential form of Kṛṣṇa 36, 310, 314; and vigraha/absolute body 36, 76, 77, 96, 160, 175–176, 177, 180–181, 310, 314; see also śaktis of Kṛṣṇa: svarūpa-śakti

  Svāyambhuva Āgama 282–283

  svayaṃ-rūpa or svarūpa (essential form) of Kṛṣṇa 62, 330nn11–12, 334n65, 385n271; and aveśa-rūpa 50, 63; as beautiful 36, 38, 47, 92, 93, 100, 310; blue-black color of 36, 38, 47, 51, 61, 69, 92, 297, 310–311; body marks of 36, 38, 47, 92, 93, 311; and Brahmā 37–38; can be directly cognized/“seen”/experienced 36–39, 90, 279, 331n22, 331n25; characterized by mādhurya/sweetness 36, 37, 47, 50, 92, 139, 251, 256, 297, 310–311; consists of sat-cit-ānanda 38, 39, 40, 47, 50, 54, 139; in earthly Vraja 49, 73, 78; as essential form of vigraha/absolute body 36–40, 46, 47, 50, 51, 68, 71, 74, 90, 93, 100, 139, 177, 256, 279, 297, 307, 310–311, 314, 330n14, 385n272; as eternal 36, 38, 39; flute as emblem of 36, 38, 39, 47, 50, 74, 93, 139, 297; garments of 36, 38, 47, 93, 297; as gopa/cowherd form 36–40, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 61, 68, 72, 73, 74, 78, 90, 92, 100, 139, 177, 216, 225, 251, 256, 279, 297, 307, 310–311; and līlā-avatāras 62, 63; lotus-like eyes of 36, 39, 47, 92, 297, 311; as male 72, 314, 392n10; and meditation 39, 90, 100, 279, 331n22; as most full, complete, and perfect form 37, 39, 48, 50, 310–311; as narākāra/in shape of human being 37–39, 310, 330n15, 331n17; as nonmaterial 36, 38, 39, 47; as one 51, 68, 72; ornaments of 36, 38, 39, 47, 93; as paradigmatic divine body 47, 68–69, 72, 311; and prakāśas 50–51, 68; and puruṣa-avatāras 59; as supreme in hierarchy of divine bodies 37–38, 310–311; and svāṃśa avatāras 68–69; and svarūpa/essential nature of Kṛṣṇa 36, 310, 314; and tadekātma-rūpa 50, 51, 63; in transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 36, 37, 39, 48, 50, 71, 177, 225, 251, 256, 297, 310–311; as two-armed form 36–39, 47, 49, 50, 61, 68, 73, 74, 90, 92, 100, 256, 279, 297, 307, 311; as unmanifest 36; and vilāsas 54, 55, 68; and Vyāsa 36–37, 39, 331n25; as youthful 36, 37–38, 40, 47, 68, 92, 256, 310–311; see also vigraha of Kṛṣṇa

  Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 20–21, 365n50

  sweetness: see mādhurya

  Śyāma-kuṇḍa 234

  Synnott, Anthony 321n23

  Szubka, Tadeusz 321n21

  Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo 328n82, 328n88

  Taittirīya Saṃhitā (Black Yajur-Veda) 362n4, 363n17; see also Yajur-Veda

  Taittirīya Upaniṣad 12

  Tālavana 214, 220, 230, 241–242, 249, 253

  tamas (inertia) 58, 59, 125, 168, 264, 265

  Tamil Śaiva bhakti traditions 23–24

  Tamil Vaiṣṇava bhakti traditions 23–24, 332n35; see also Āḻvārs

  Tantras 136; see also Āgamas; Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās; specific texts

  tantric bodies xiii–xiv, xv, 16, 17fig1, 19–20, 280, 286–287, 289, 292–293, 307–308, 391n7

  tantric traditions xiii–xiv, 11–12, 13, 19–20, 29, 112, 159, 166–167, 272–273, 274, 277–278, 280, 285–286, 289, 292–293, 304, 307–308, 346n17, 347n22, 374n78, 390n60; see also Kashmir Śaiva traditions; Pāñcarātra traditions; tantric bodies

  Tapana Miśra 28, 234

  tapas (meditation; austerities) 44, 63, 138, 147, 161, 165, 171, 172, 203, 215, 245, 271, 333n45, 362n8;

  see also meditation

  tattvas (evolutes of prakṛti) 12, 57, 298

  Tattva Sandarbha (Jīva Gosvāmin) 28, 140, 141, 142–143, 144, 145, 149, 150, 153–154, 178, 330n4, 331–332n28, 332n39, 332n43, 337n117, 357n223, 358nn247–248, 358n250, 358n252, 359n268, 360n299, 360nn305–306, 360n311, 361n328

  Tazi, Nadia 321n24, 324n44

  Teṉkalai school of Śrīvaiṣṇavas 217–218

  Thangaraj, M. Thomas 346n20

  Thompson, Evan 321n22

  three worlds 60, 62–63, 64, 164, 168, 212, 220, 221, 239, 245, 268, 269

  Timalsina, Sthaneswar 344n77

  time: and avatāras 20, 22, 46, 49–50, 56, 60, 69, 71, 177, 299; and Brahmā 50, 115–116; cycles of 46, 49–50, 115–116, 330n7, 348n48, 348n53; and divine bodies or forms of Kṛṣṇa 20, 46, 49–50, 54–55, 56, 60, 69, 70–71, 177, 288, 299, 335n77, 335n79, 390n64; material space-time continuum 48, 49, 55, 70–71, 200, 229, 250, 255, 296, 310, 315; and vaibhava-vilāsas 54–55, 71, 288, 335n77, 335n79, 390n64; see also kalpa; mahā-yuga; manvantara; pratisarga; sarga; yuga

  tīrthas (sacred sites) 2, 22–23, 26–27, 97, 135–136, 138, 199, 211, 212, 213–214, 215–216, 219, 221, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236–237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243–244, 246, 265, 267, 268–269, 326n73, 375n84; see also specific pilgrimage networks and sites

  tīrtha-yātrā (pilgrimage) xiv, xvi, 1, 23, 24, 96, 97, 215, 267, 269, 295, 319n1, 326n73, 353n166, 374n68; see also Dvārakā; Govardhana, Mount; Mathurā; Mathurā-maṇḍala; Vraja or Vṛndāvana; specific pilgrimage networks and sites

  Toomey, Paul M. 320n9

  Trailokyasammohana Tantra 287

  Trainor, Kevin 324n48

  Tretā Yuga 50, 65, 66, 116, 171, 190

  trimūrti 58, 125

  Trivikrama: as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n77, 390n64

  Tulsīdās 112

  Turner, Bryan S. 321n23, 321n26, 322n27

  twelve forests: and body of Kṛṣṇa 236, 249, 267; lists of 202, 214, 220, 241–242, 253, 377n112, 385n263; and Mathurā-maṇḍala 201, 214, 215, 219–220, 241–242, 250; as pilgrimage network within Mathurā-maṇḍala 214, 215, 220, 241–242, 250; and Vana-Yātrā 2, 199, 236; and Vraja or Vṛndāvana 2, 78, 199, 201–202, 214, 216, 217, 220, 221, 230, 231, 236, 242, 248, 249, 250, 253, 267, 371n6, 375n87, 377n115, 385n263; see also specific forests

  Uddhava 136, 210

  Ujjvalanīlamaṇi (Rūpa Gosvāmin) 27, 28, 84, 86, 88, 340n19, 340n23

  Umā 288

  Upadeśāmṛta (Rūpa Gosvāmin) 241, 244

  Upaniṣads xiii, 12, 13, 18–19, 22, 25, 39, 42, 75, 110–112, 121, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 135, 136, 142, 146, 157, 160–161, 165–166, 167–168, 169–170, 171, 274, 283, 345n9, 360n299, 364n45; see also specific Upaniṣads

  Upavedas 113, 132

  Upendra: as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n78

  Urban, Hugh B. 323n38

  Utpaladeva 389n57

  Vācaspati Miśra 143, 357n227

  vaidhī-bhakti: and Bhāgavata Purāṇa 95–96, 153, 300, 301, 338n136, 357n220, 391n2; and devotional body 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 312–313; and external bodily practices 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 313; five most important practices of 95–96, 153, 189, 267–268, 300, 338n136, 357n220, 387n314, 391n2; and guru 343n63; and meditation 278; and mesocosmic forms of Kṛṣṇa 95–97, 300, 301; and mūrtis/images 95–96, 300, 301, 338n136, 357n220, 391n2; and nāmans/divine names 95–96, 189, 300, 301, 338n136, 357n220, 391n2; and sādhaka-rūpa 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 312–313; and sādhana-bhakti 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 312, 341n39, 368n138; sixty-four practices of 95, 189, 268, 278, 300, 342n43, 343nn63–64; and Vraja or Vṛndāvana 95–96, 267–268, 300, 301, 338n136, 357n220, 391n2

  Vaidya, C. V. 328n82

  Vaikuṇṭha (abode of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu): as abode of Viṣṇu or Nārāyaṇa 137, 227; attainment of residence in 356n212; Govindadeva temple as Vaikuṇṭha of Kṛṣṇa on earth 242; as
infinite 47; Kṛṣṇaloka as Mahāvaikuṇṭha 251, 258; Lord of Vaikuṇṭha 173, 209; Mathurā or Mathurā-maṇḍala as greater than 241, 269; Mathurā-maṇḍala as beyond 245; as Paravyoman 245, 269; as transcendent dhāman/abode of Kṛṣṇa 175, 209, 373n61; as transcendent domain 245, 269; see also Paravyoman

  Vaikuṇṭha (divine manifestation of Kṛṣṇa) 95, 313; as manvantara-avatāra 53fig2, 65

  Vaiśeṣika 111, 344–345n7

  Vaiṣṇava literature 26, 200, 235, 257, 386n289; see also Purāṇas: Vaiṣṇava Purāṇas; specific texts

  Vaiṣṇava traditions xiii, xvii, 1, 2, 25, 26, 29, 34, 37, 46, 51, 54, 73, 75, 81, 85, 127, 132–133, 135–136, 137, 139, 169, 175, 182, 189, 191, 194, 199, 221–222, 239, 306–307, 319n12, 354n168, 356n219, 371nn3–4; see also Vaiṣṇava literature; specific Sampradāyas and traditions

  vaiśyas (merchants, agriculturalists, and artisans) 123, 184, 325n63, 351n97, 368n121

  Vakreśvara Paṇḍita 192, 194

  Vallabha 2, 26, 29, 199, 306, 354n168, 371n6

  Vallabha Sampradāya: see Puṣṭi Mārga

  Valpey, Kenneth R. 320nn13–14, 328n87, 329n96, 339n143, 342n55, 380n169

  Vāmana 71; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 335n79, 336n99, 336n106; as manvantara-avatāra 53fig2, 65, 336n106; as one of daśa-avatāras 60, 61, 62; as vaibhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62, 63, 65; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n77, 335n79, 390n64

  Vāmana Purāṇa 119, 125, 349n65, 386n289

  Vana-Yātrā: and Caitanya 230; as encompassing pilgrimage circuit of Vraja 2–3, 199, 235; and Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa 3, 230, 235–236; parikrama path 2–3; three pilgrimage circuits within 3, 199; and twelve forests 2, 199, 236

  Varāha 215–216; as avatāra 211, 287, 288; as boar form of Kṛṣṇa 114; as boar form of Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa 347n33; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60, 61, 62, 63, 336n99; and Mathurā 374n80; mūrti/image of 212, 213, 240–241, 374n80; as one of daśa-avatāras 60, 61, 62; as vaibhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62, 63; and Veda(s) 114, 347n33

  Varāha Purāṇa 119, 125, 200, 210–216, 219, 220, 221, 230, 236, 237–238, 240, 241–242, 243, 247–248, 252, 263, 319n3, 374n71, 374n80, 375n84, 375n86, 375n90, 375n93, 380n180, 381–382n206, 382n208, 382nn216–217, 385n265; see also Mathurā Māhātmya of Varāha Purāṇa

  Vārāṇasī xvi, 28, 42, 127, 140–141, 234, 332n37, 332n43

  Varela, Francisco J. 321n22

  varṇas (social classes) 16, 18, 19, 25, 94–95, 123, 131, 151, 184–185, 190, 311–312, 325n63, 351n97, 353n157, 368n121; see also brahmins; castes; kṣatriyas; outcastes; śūdras; vaiśyas

  varṇāśrama-dharma (duties of the four social classes and four stages of life) 19, 29, 95, 171, 172, 173, 184–185, 325n63, 341n40, 351n97; see also varṇas; āśramas

  Varuṇa 214

  Vasudeva 205; carries Kṛṣṇa across Yamunā River 1, 201; Kṛṣṇa as son of 1, 37, 38, 51, 201, 251, 255

  Vāsudeva 114, 154; and Bhagavad-Gītā 1–2; and Dvārakā 1, 37, 54, 73, 201, 225, 251, 255, 260, 297, 311; as form of Kṛṣṇa in aiśvarya mode 37, 51, 54, 72–73, 251, 260, 297, 311, 343n66; as four-armed form 1, 37–38, 51, 54, 72–73, 89, 273, 311, 343n66; and Mathurā 1, 37, 54, 201, 225, 251, 253, 255, 260, 297, 311; as one of ādi-catur-vyūhas 54, 74, 253, 260, 297; as one of catur-vyūhas/four vyūhas 46, 54, 73–74, 225, 227, 253, 260, 283, 297, 307; as prābhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 54, 74, 297; as son of Vasudeva and Devakī 1, 37, 38, 51, 201, 251, 255; twelve-syllable mantra of 273–274; as vaibhava-prakāśa 51, 72–73; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 54, 74; as Yādava prince 1, 37, 51, 89, 201, 251, 255

  vātsalya-rasa (devotional mode of parental love) 89, 90, 98, 100, 259, 279, 285, 297, 301–302, 304, 315–316

  Vaudeville, Charlotte 83–84, 320n9, 339n7, 371n4

  Vāyu Purāṇa 121, 122, 148, 244

  Veda(s): as anādi/without beginning 141, 143, 144; as anitya/noneternal 344–345n7; as apauruṣeya/uncreated 42–43, 111, 141–144, 145, 151, 159, 178, 344–345n7; and Ātman 23, 113, 114, 128, 347n35, 350n85; and bhakti traditions 112, 346n17, 346–347n22; and Brahmā 113, 114–115, 116, 118, 121, 122–123, 129, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 159–160, 167–169, 178, 273, 347n33, 350n89, 352n143; and Brahman 23, 113–114, 126, 128, 130, 131, 142, 143, 165, 169–170, 171, 347n35; brahmins as living embodiments of Veda 346n14; cognition of 110–112, 115–116, 144; cosmogonic role of 111, 115, 129, 142, 143, 144, 159–160, 163–165, 167–169, 178, 273, 345n12; and cycles of creation 110–111, 142, 143, 144, 145, 159, 160, 178; definition and use of terms 110–112, 117, 160–161, 345–346n14, 362n4; and Devī 126; and dharma 141, 345–346n14; division of one Veda into four Saṃhitās 63, 116–118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 130, 144–145, 148, 360n306; Dravidian Veda or Tamil Veda 112; emphasis on śabda/sound over artha/meaning 124; as eternal plan of creation 111, 115, 142, 144, 159–160, 178; exclusively oral transmission of 124; extension of domain of 110, 111–112, 144–146, 178, 224, 345–346n14; fifth Veda 111–112, 120–121, 122–123, 145–146, 345n13, 358n248; as full of rasa/nectar 165, 364n41; and functions of priests 122, 148, 163, 167; and gods 115, 126, 130, 151, 159, 161–163, 164, 171; Hindi Veda 112; as infallible 141, 142, 143; as infinite 111; inherent connection between śabda/word and artha/meaning in Vedic words 141–142, 143, 160, 178; and Itihāsas 111–112, 121, 122, 123, 145–146, 178, 358nn247–248; Kārṣṇa-Veda 109, 112, 117, 127, 128, 130–132, 136, 271; and Kṛṣṇa/Bhagavān 114, 126–127, 128–131, 143, 144, 171, 210, 347n30; legitimating authority of 110, 111–112, 113, 345n9, 346n17; lost Veda 111–112, 345–346n14; and Mahābhārata 146, 345n13; and Manu-Smṛti 111–112; as nitya/eternal 42–43, 111, 115, 122, 129, 141–144, 145, 159, 160, 178, 344–345n7; and Om 165, 167–168, 364n43; as pauruṣeya/created 344–345n7; and philosophical schools 111, 141–143, 160, 178, 344–345n7, 345n11; and Prajāpati 23, 118, 143, 144, 163–165, 178; as pramāṇa/authoritative means of valid knowledge 141–143, 178; primordial Veda 116–117, 122, 144–145, 146, 148, 149; Purāṇa-Veda 109, 112, 121, 123, 125, 127, 131; restricted to male members of three higher varṇas/social classes 123, 131, 185, 190; and ṛṣis/seers 110–112, 115–116, 144; as Śabdabrahman 113, 114, 347n30; and Śiva 114, 126, 347n35; and smṛti 110–112, 345–346n14; and speech of creator Prajāpati or Brahmā 115, 129, 143, 144, 159–160, 163–165, 167–169, 273; as śruti 110–112, 345–346n14; and tantric traditions 112, 346n17, 347n22; threefold Veda 65–66, 114, 128, 161, 164–165, 347n27, 364n41; and three vyāhṛtis 164–165, 167–168; and three worlds 164; transcendent authority of 110, 111, 112–113, 118, 126, 141–143, 178, 271, 345n11, 346n17; as transcendent knowledge 110, 111; transmission of 113, 117–118, 122, 123, 124, 128–130, 144, 348n56; and Varāha 114, 347n33; vedacizing strategies of assimilation 111–112, 113, 118, 120, 126–127, 345n13, 345–346n14, 346nn15–16, 346n19; Vedic language as natural language 159–160, 178; Vedic paradigm 23, 111–112, 122, 123, 124, 131, 146, 271; and Viṣṇu or Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa 113, 114, 126, 171, 347n27, 347n33; and Vyāsa 63, 113, 116–118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 130, 135, 144–145, 147, 148–149, 345n13, 348n53, 348n56, 360n306; women and śūdras excluded from access to 123, 131, 138, 150, 185, 190, 353n157; and yajña/sacrifice xiii, 17–18, 110, 148, 163–164; see also atharvans; Atharva-Veda; ṛcs; Ṛg-Veda; sāmans; Sāma-Veda; śruti; Vedic mantras; Vedic Saṃhitās; Yajur-Veda; yajuses

  Vedāṅgas 113, 132, 147

  Vedānta 25, 31, 42, 111, 141, 142, 143, 145, 152, 344–345n7, 354n168

  Vedāntadeśika 73–74, 338n132

  Vedic mantras 23, 63, 110–112, 113, 114–116, 117, 118, 122, 123, 126–127, 128–130, 131–132, 133, 135, 148, 151, 159–169, 171, 173, 179, 185, 225, 271, 273, 347n33, 352n143, 353n157, 362n5, 362n8; see also atharvans; ṛcs; sāmans; Veda(s); Vedic Saṃhitās; yajuses

  Vedic Saṃhitās xiii, 17, 18, 110–111, 112, 113, 117–118, 119, 122, 123–124, 126–127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 144–145, 148, 150, 160–161, 357n227, 360n306, 362n4; see also Atharva-Veda; Ṛg-Veda; Sāma-Veda; Taittirīya Saṃhitā; Veda
(s); Vedic mantras; Yajur-Veda

  Vernant, Jean-Pierre 324n44

  Vibhu: as manvantara-avatāra 53fig2, 65

  vigraha (absolute body) of Kṛṣṇa: as absolute body of Bhagavān 15, 20, 32, 33, 34, 36–40, 43, 47, 55, 68, 71, 74, 76, 85, 90, 99, 100, 175–176, 252, 256, 267, 272, 276, 279, 282, 292, 293, 296, 298, 305, 310, 314, 315; assumes manifold bodily forms 46, 47, 68, 71, 76, 181, 296–297, 299, 303–304, 310–311; and Brahmā 37–38, 282; Brahman as radiant effulgence of 20, 32, 43, 49, 279, 298, 305, 310; can be directly cognized/“seen”/experienced 36–37, 38–39, 43, 90, 100, 272, 275–276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 302; consists of sat-cit-ānanda 36, 38, 39, 40, 47, 50, 67, 68, 77, 85, 97, 99, 139, 181, 257, 258, 276, 281, 296–297, 301, 310, 311, 314, 330n10, 331n17; and devotional bodies 29, 97–98, 267, 272, 281, 292, 293, 301, 309, 314; as eternal 36, 38, 39, 276, 296, 310, 314, 331n17; as free from boundaries of time 255; as gopa/cowherd form 36–40, 47, 50, 51, 68, 74, 90, 100, 139, 177, 256, 258, 260, 262, 263, 276, 279, 280, 282, 296, 297, 302, 307, 310–311; as imperishable 38, 252, 267; as male 314, 315; manifests in more than one place simultaneously 51, 252, 266; manifests on earth in Dvāpara Yuga 37, 38, 254, 262, 263, 267; and meditation 39, 90, 100, 272, 275–276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 302; and nāmans/divine names 76, 77, 96, 160, 175–176, 177, 180–181; as nonchanging 68; as nonmaterial 15, 20, 36, 38, 39, 43, 47, 68, 74, 181, 282, 296–297, 309, 310, 311, 314, 331n17; as one and singular 40, 46, 50, 51, 68, 71, 177, 181, 252, 296–297, 299, 303, 310–311, 314; as paradigmatic divine body 47, 296, 309, 311, 314; and prakāśas 51, 68, 71; as self-luminous or effulgent 36, 43, 71, 100, 258, 279, 282, 292, 293, 296–297, 302, 305, 310; and siddha-rūpa 29, 97–98, 99, 267, 272, 280–281, 293, 314, 315; svāṃśa avatāras as aṃśas/partial manifestations of 47, 55, 63–64, 67, 68, 85, 297, 311; and svarūpa/essential nature of Kṛṣṇa 36, 76, 77, 96, 160, 175–176, 177, 180–181, 310, 314; svayaṃ-rūpa or svarūpa as essential form of 36–40, 46, 47, 50, 51, 68, 71, 74, 90, 93, 100, 139, 177, 256, 279, 297, 307, 310–311, 314, 330n14, 385n272; and tadekātma-rūpa 51; three transcendent dhāmans as extensions of 252, 254; in transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 36, 37, 39, 50, 68, 71, 78, 175–176, 177, 249, 256, 260, 272, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 293, 296, 302, 310, 314; transcendent Vraja/Goloka-Vṛndāvana as extension of 200, 229, 249, 252, 254, 261, 279; as unmanifest 36; vilāsas as aṃśas/partial manifestations of 54, 68, 297, 311; and Vyāsa 36–37, 39, 276, 282; see also svayaṃ-rūpa or svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa