The Cry for Myth
Page 27
adolescents:
independence asserted by, 39
Orestes myth and, 39, 40
relationships between, 214
Adrienne (case history), 63–65, 67
advertising, 113, 119, 140–141, 242, 267
Aeneid (Virgil), 156, 157, 166
Aeschylus, 16
see also Oresteia, The
Agamemnon, 231
“Age of Anxiety, The” (Auden), 208
aggression, 283
Ahab (biblical), 277
Ahab, Captain, 277, 278-281, 282
Air and Space Museum, 55
airplanes, 224n
Alcoholics Anonymous, 61, 190
Alexander, Franz, 102
Alger, Horatio, 115–118
Sisyphus myth vs., 146
success prototype created by, 117–118,131
see also “Luke Larkin’s Luck”
alienation, industrial development and, 242
American culture:
advertising and, 113,119,140–141, 242, 267
change valued in, 101-106
in Death of a Salesman, 43–44
European historical sense vs., 99–100
immigrant experiences and, 48, 49, 95-96
individualism in, 108–110,115
Jazz Age in, 55,125–127,128,133, 13, 137, 13,. 145
loneliness in, 48, 96–101, 106
luck and, 118,119–120
middle west in, 110,142
newness valued in, 101-104
New World discovery and, 91-93
politics and, 102,126
psychological depression and, 113, 120-123
rootlessness of, 48–49, 99
violence in, 100
wealth overemphasized by, 48, 56, 60, 106, 115, 119,123–124,131
see also myth(s), American
American dream:
as ethical sanction, 131
failure of, 126,137,141–144
individual success as, 115
myth of Sisyphus and, 146–147
Wall Street takeovers and, 119
American Indians:
extermination of, 283
puberty rituals of, 39, 290
American Myth/American Reality (Robertson), 46, 115
American Steel, 117
Amish, 122
Amphytrian 38 (Giraudoux), 293–294
ancestral roots, 47-49
Anders, Bill, 208
androgyny, 36
Answer to fob (Jung), 237
Antigone, 83–84, 85
Aphrodite, 39,111
Apollonianism, 218
Apollo 7, 298
apotheosis, 290
archetypes, 37, 38
Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious (Jung), 37n
arête, defined, 29, 244-24;
Aristotle, 28
Arndt, Walter, 236n
Arnold, Matthew, 152–153, 154,155, 235–236
art:
as criterion of spiritual health, 261
Eros-Thanatos struggle and, 77
myth vs., 28
trivialization of, 43, 261-262, 266
see also creativity
Asimov, Isaac, 24n
astrology, 22
astronauts, 208–300, 300–301, 302
Athena, 36, 284
Auden, W. H., 208
Augustine, Saint, 155, 161
authors, cultural influences on, 170
Bakker, James, 27, 225n
Barnes, Hazel, 41
bar mitzvah, 39
Barton, Bruce, 126
Bateson, Gregory, 25
Beatles, 98
Beatrice, 159,163,164,193, 220, 230, 253
beauty, feminine, 228n, 242, 244-245
Becker, Ernest, 53–54
Beckett, Samuel, 42, 207, 209n
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 236, 262, 275, 282
Bellah, Robert N., 69,110
Benét, Stephen Vincent, 92-93, 218
Berg, Bernice, 60
Berger, Peter, 26
Bethe, Hans, 219
Bettelheim, Bruno, 28, 194
Bible:
astronauts’ reading of, 298
church symbolism and, 51
creation story in, 24
Melville’s characters and, 277
mythic names in, 43
Satan described in, 271-272
see also New Testament; Old Testament; specific books of Bible
birth, 36, 38, 50
“Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music, The” (Nietzsche), 11, 45
Blake, William, 261n, 274
Boesky, Ivan, 56, 123, 124
Bohr, Niels, 25
Bok, Edward, 96
Bonnie and Clyde, 95
Boone, Daniel, 45, 94, 95
Borman, Frank, 298
Bosch, Hieronymous, 221
bourgeosie, 242
brain function, left- vs. right-, 25, 288
Briar Rose (Grimm), 194-216
alternate endings written for, 214–216
case history related to, 197–109, 202, 210–214, 291
creative waiting in, 205, 207, 208-209, 287-288
evil element in, 201-202
feminine development presented in, 196–197, 201, 203, 206, 212
Oedipus Rex vs., 205
Peer Gynt vs., 196,197
story of, 199–200, 202–205, 206
time imagery in, 203, 205-206
title of, 194–196
Broadway theater, 43
Brockman, John, 25n
Bronson, Matthew, 11
Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoevsky), 273
Brueghel, Pieter, 227
Bruner, Jerome, 16
Buddenbrooks (Mann), 256
Buddha, 95
Buddhism, meditation practices and, 145
Buffalo Bill (William F. Cody), 95, 129n
Buie, James, 121n
business, women in, 291
Byron, George Cordon, Lord, 94, 284
Calamity Jane, 95
Calvin, John, 220
Calypso, 295-296
Campbell, Joseph, 9, 20n, 37
Camus, Albert, 147
Cantos (Pound), 162
capitalism, 288
care:
inability to, 133-135
myth of, 250n
Carnegie, Andrew, 96, 117
carnivals, 50
Carson, Kit, 45, 95
case histories, see psychotherapy, case histories from
Cassirer, Ernst, 26n, 92n
castration, 81
catharsis:
Faust legend and, 221, 232-233
Moby Dick and, 282–284
cathedrals, 51, 77, 99–100, 195, 220
Catholicism:
church architecture and, 220,288
see also Christianity
celebrities, heroes vs., 55
Central Park, Levin murder in, 50–61
Cézanne, Paul, 275
Chambers, Robert, Jr., 50–61
change, myth of, 102-106
in Great Gatsby, 102, 129, 130
“Chapbook,” 221
Charles (case history), 31–34, 69, 271
Chernobyl, nuclear-power accident at, 301-302
Childe Harold (Byron), 94
childhood:
community comfort needed in, 52–53
earliest memories from, 64, 65, 66–67, 68-70
sexual exploitation in, 73
Chiron, 244n
“Choir Invisible, The” (Eliot), 58-59
Christianity:
classical mythology attacked by, 24-25
holy days of, 50
individualism vs., 177
puberty rituals of, 39
Reformation and, 220
sacraments of, 50–51
Waiting for Godot and, 42
see also Catholicism; Jesus Christ; Protestantism
Christmas, 24, 50
churches:
community myth symbolized by, 51
; historical sense gained from, 99-100
masculine principles vs. feminine values in, 220, 288
Churchill, Sir Winston, 94
Ciardi, John, 154n, 160–161,163
circle, as Apollonian symbol, 218
cities, loyalty to, 46-47
Clark, Kenneth, 250
classical myths, Christian attack on, 24-25
see also Creek myths; specific myths
Classic Tradition, The (Highet), 39n
Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 18
Cody, William F. (Buffalo Bill), 95, 129n
collective guilt, 84, 264–265, 266
collective unconscious, 38, 171
Columbus, Christopher, 91, 92, 300
commercialism, 106,126,140–142, 242
commitment, 181-182
community:
church as symbol of, 51
developmental needs for, 52–53
earth as, 299-302
female symbols of, 164-165
heroism and, 53–54
loyalty to, 45-47
mythic sense of, 30–31
search for, 47-49
space exploration and, 298–299
symbols of, 50–51
compassion, 52,134
competitiveness:
American individualism and, 115
of Faustianism, 218
reaction-formation and, 98
of students, 56
concentration camps, 271
Concourt, Edmund, 140
confession, 151, 155
confirmation rituals, 39
consciousness:
biblical depiction of, 27
myth vs., 37
pride and, 232
of Sisyphus, 144-147
unconscious complemented by, 224-225
contraceptives, 195
Coolidge, Calvin, 119,126
Cooper, James Fenimore, 108-109
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 91, 220, 224
Coughlin, Father Charles E., 126
courage:
heroic examples of, 55
of relationship, 205
Courage To Be, The (Tillich), 33
cowboys, 97-98, 142
creation, mystery of, 31, 298
creative waiting, 205, 207, 208–210, 287-288
creativity:
from devil, 261-263, 273-275, 282-284
Eros-Thanatos conflict and, 76, 77
exile and, 52
memory and, 68n, 70–71
negation vs., 274, 275
as painful struggle, 275-277
schizophrenia and, 18, 20
see also art
Creon, 8o, 81, 82–84
Cuéism, 103
cults, 22-24, 48,101,122,126, 274
cultural decline, 259, 26–262
Culture of Narcissism, The (Lasch), 112
cultures, Apollonian vs. Faustian, 218-219
Cupid, 77
Cusanos, Nicolaus, 220
Custer, George Armstrong, 95
cynicism, 56, 186
Da Free John, 22n
daimonic:
artist’s struggle with, 282-283
in Briar Rose, 205
Nietzschean sense of, 190
“shadow” concept vs., 27
“Damnable Life and Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus, The,” 221, 265
Damn Yankees, 218
Dante Alighieri:
Beatrice figure and, 164
exile of, 52
death addressed by, 39
hell described by, 18n
literary sources used by, 155
on memory, 70
mid-life reference of, 154
see also Divine Comedy, The
death:
fear of, 105, 294
imminence of, 187-188
love vs., 76-77, 294
mortality and, 293-297
myths connected to, 39, 217, 219
voodoo, 51n
Death of a Salesman (Miller), 42-44, 117,137,141
Death of Cod (Nietzsche), 259
Deborah (case history), 17–21, 46, 51, 98
Declaration of Independence, 236, 254
Decline of the West, The (Spengler), 217, 218, 260
depression:
in America, 113, 120-123
modern escapes from, 238n
mythlessness and, 21
desert, 94-95
despair, 133,185–186, 190
development, feminine, 196–199, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207, 212
devil:
contemporary belief in, 21, 270, 272
as creative source, 261–263, 273–275, 282-284
cults of, 274
Enlightenment absence of, 283
God opposed by, 274, 275-277, 284
see also Lucifer, Mephistopheles; Satan
Devil and Daniel Webster, The (Benét), 218
Dillinger, John, 100
discovery, age of, 91-93, 288
Discovery of Being, The (May), 203
disease, creativity derived from, 262-263
Divine Comedy, The (Dante), 153-167
Beatrice in, 159, 163, 164, 193, 220, 230, 253
Faust legend vs., 219–220, 229–230, 253
Inferno in, 39, 154–155,156, 160-–62
opening line of, 154
Paradiso in, 162, 164
Prologue of, 154–15;
psychotherapeutic process vs., 153, 155–164, 165, 167, 193
Purgatorio in, 162,164, 273
sexual love in, 1;;, 164-16;, 229-230
Virgil’s role in, 153, 156–160, 162, 163-164, 273
writing of, 52
divinity:
magical knowledge vs., 224
rejection of, 222-223
Doctor Faustus (Mann), 218, 256-266
on Germany, 256, 264–265
Helen of Troy in, 244
Nietzsche and, 258, 259, 260
psychotherapeutic process and, 267
Satan in, 259-263, 267
Doll’s House, A (Ibsen), 289
Don Giovanni (Mozart), 218
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 273
“Dover Beach” (Arnold), 152-153, 154
Dowie, Mark, 103n
Dow-Jones average, 119
drama, trivialization of, 43, 261
dreams, 38, 61, 251
Dresden, bombing of, 257, 265
drugs, 23,123, 238n
Dubos, René, 218
Earhart, Amelia, 55
earth, community of, 299–302
earth mother, 291
Easter, 24-25, 50, 166, 236, 255
Eastwood, Clint, 94, 100
Echo,110–111
education, ethics and, 21, 22, 28-29
egocentricity, 69, 177, 190
Einstein, Albert, 11, 25,75–76, 287
Eliot, George, 58-59
Eliot, T. S., 70,138n, 162, 208-210
Elmer Gantry (Lewis), 27
empathy, 157
encounter groups, 101
Enlightenment:
Goethe influenced by, 234, 235, 236
industrial progress and, 235, 254
no devil in, 283
rationalistic goals of, 22
envy, 34n, 185–186, 202, 211–212
Erhard, Werner, 103-104
Ericson, Leif, 91
Erikson, Erik, 33, 289
eros, aggression and, 283
Eros, myth of, 39, 76–77,134
EST, 103
E.T., 18
eternity:
mortality and, 297
mythic character of, 50
ethics:
education in, 21, 22, 28-29
heroic role models and, 54
modem ignorance of, 21–22
see also morality
Europe:
churches of, 51
historical sense in, 99-100
Eve, 27, 42
evil:
cathartic struggle with, 282-284
good in conflict with, 274, 282-283, 284<
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goodness born of, 34, 235, 236, 255, 261
national, 264–265, 266
power of, 279
worship of, 274
evolution, frog’s place in, 200–201
exile, 51-52,81
existential crises, 38–40,43
fairy tales, myths vs., 196
see also Briar Rose
Fallaci, Oriana, 97-98
“fantasy,” “phantasy” vs., 65n
Farrell, Joan, 60
fatalism, 120, 270
fathers, overprotectiveness of, 202, 203
Faust (Goethe), 234-255
creative impulse manifested in, 76, 247-250
cruelty in, 226, 239, 247, 249
female power in, 164, 242-243, 245-246, 247, 253-255, 287
Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus vs., 219 226, 254
Mephistopheles in, 34, 235, 236, 237–243, 245-246, 248, 249–252, 254, 255, 272–273,280
Part One, 236-241
Part Two, 241-255
patriarchal power depicted in, 239, 250
prologue to, 34
psychotherapeutic models found in, 237-238, 240, 243, 245, 267
salvation in, 219, 241, 247, 251-255
sexual equality and, 288
sexual love in, 239-240, 242, 244, 247-248, 252
theme of progress in, 247, 250, 254, 255
writing of, 217, 234, 241, 253, 283
Faust, myth of:
Divine Comedy vs., 219–220, 229-230, 253
literary versions of, 217–218
nuclear arms and, 218–219
origins of, 220-222
Renaissance thought and, 219–221
see also Doctor Faustus; Faust; Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus
Faustianism:
cultural, 218-219, 269
psychotherapy and, 266-269
Faustus, John, 221
Feder, Lillian, 28n, 76, 77n, 106n
femininity, development of, 196–199, 201, 203, 206, 212
Ferenczi, Sandor, 73
films, 18, 26–27, 97
Fink, Mike, 95 Fitzgerald, F. Scott:
alcoholism of, 128, 134, 137
background of, 127–128, 139
loneliness of, 137
self-pity of, 139
see also Great Gatsby, The
Fitzgerald, Robert, 83n, 105n, 296n
Flies, The (Sartre), 40-41
Fliess, Wilhelm, 72, 75
Flying Dutchman, 49
Ford, Henry, 103
forgiveness, divine element of, 254-255
form, beauty as, 228n, 242n, 244
Fortuna, 118, 119
49ers,46,51
Four Quartets (Eliot), 162
France, German occupation of, 40, 41
Franklin, Benjamin, 110
Freedman, James O., 57n
freedom:
individualism and, 123
myth of, 95
responsibility incurred with, 291
Freischutz (Weber), 258
Freud, Sigmund, 72–77, 251
Adler vs., 69
on aggression, 283
childhood memories assessed by, 65, 74-75
colleagues’ differences with, 69, 289
contemporaries of, 170
cultural importance of, 74
on dreams, 168n, 188n
Eros myth and, 134, 283
evolutionary theory and, 201n
favorite authors of, 153