The Cry for Myth
Page 28
on guilt, 83
on instincts, 72
on love-death antagonism, 76-77
Mann’s respect for, 260n, 266
on myths, 9,11, 25
on narcissism, 112
Oedipal theory of, 28, 74–75
on Oedipus Rex, 78, 79
on pain of reminiscence, 162
on psychotherapist’s experience, 151
on repetition, 97
on resurrection scene in Gradiva, 164
self-analysis undertaken by, 73, 74–75
self-expressionism and, 268
on sexual basis of neurosis, 155
on truthfulness in therapy, 163
on wishes vs. actions, 226–227
women patronized by, 289
Frieda, Dr., see Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda
Frisch, Max, 57
frogs, symbolism of, 200–201
Fromm, Erich, 47, 102, 268, 294 Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda (Dr. Frieda), 102
psychoanalytic school of, 47, 102
schizophrenia treated by, 18-19, 20
on therapists’ personal problems, 158
frontier, American, 93-98, 127
fundamentalism, 27, 122, 270n
fundamentalist preachers, sexual misconduct of, 225n
Galileo, 91, 220, 224
gambling, 119–120,124,126
Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 58
gangsters, as heroes, 100
Garden of Eden, 196
Genesis, Book of, 27, 142–143, 298
Germany:
collective guilt of, 266
Enlightenment in, 234, 23;, 236
Hitlerism in, 256–258, 264-265
refugees from, 257
Giotto, 227
Giraudoux, Jean, 293n, 295
Gnosticism, 270, 275
God:
in Christian trinity, 220
contemporary belief in, 24,121, 270
death of, 207
devil’s opposition of, 274, 275-277, 284
estrangement from, 137–141
trivialization of, 266
God Within, The (Dubos), 218
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von:
Faust publication dates and, 217
female relationships of, 243-244
German Enlightenment and, 234, 235, 236
industrialism and, 235, 288
last word of, 255
writing process of, 217, 234, 235, 241, 253, 283
see also Faust
“going steady,” 214
good:
evil as source of, 34, 235, 236, 255, 261
evil in conflict with, 274, 282-283, 284
Good Friday, 50,154,166
grace, Oedipus and, 84-85
Gradiva (Jensen), 164
Grapes of Wrath, The (Steinbeck), 276-277, 291-292
Great Gatsby, The (Fitzgerald), 125-147
Daisy in, 128,129–130, 132-133, 134–135, 136, 137, 142
Eckleburg sign in, 138-141
existential crises and, 39
Faust legend and, 218
Gatsby’s transformation in, 102, 129, 130
Green Light symbol in, 130–131, 144, 146, 147
helpful stranger in, 117, 129
on inability to care, 133-135
loneliness in, 135-137
Luke Larkin’s Luck vs., 129
sense of sinfulness in, 129,134,135
story of, 129–130,132-133, 135, 138, 141-144
success theme in, 131-132
“Great Stone Face, The” (Hawthorne), 54
greed, 56
Greek culture:
arête prized in, 29, 244-245
hubris condemned in, 231
philosophy developed in, 16
Greek myths:
Christian attack on, 24-25
cultural health and, 16
moral education through, 28-29
Olympian conflicts and, 278, 283
Western civilization shaped by, 42
see also specific Greek myths
Green, Hannah, 17-21, 25, 46
greenhouse effect, 40
Green Light, 130–131, 144, 146, 147
Grey Fox, 95
Grieg, Edvard, 178, 182
Grimm brothers, 194
see also Briar Rose
Grinker, Roy, 60
Grunewald, Matthias, 221
Guerber, H. A., 145n
“guiding fiction” (Adler), 69
guilt:
collective, 84, 264-265, 266
neurotic vs. normal, 87
responsibility vs., 82–84, 87
Guyana, cult suicide in, 23, 274
Habits of the Heart (Bellah), 110n
Haggard, H. Rider, 165
Haley, Alex, 30, 47-49
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 37, 42, 78n, 155
happiness, television stereotypes of, 99n, 113
“Happy Ending” (Brecht and Weill), 207
Harding, Warren G., 126
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 54, 282
health, as cultural metaphor, 260–261
Hebrew tradition, myths of, 28, 42
see also Old Testament; specific books of Bible
Hegel, Georg W.F., 265
Heidegger, Martin, 134–135, 203n, 207-208
Heisenberg, Werner Karl, 25
Held, John, Jr., 126
Helen of Troy, 221, 228-230, 242, 244-245, 246, 247-248
hell:
descriptions of, 99, 22;, 230, 254
wisdom gained in, 165–166, 273
helping professions, 269
Hemingway, Ernest, 139
heroes, 53-59
American, 54-56, 95
astronauts as, 298
celebrities vs., 55
community values embodied in, 53-54
of French Resistance, 41
gangsters as, 100
misuse of, 54, 56
as role models, 56-59
Hesiod, 70
Hesse, Hermann, 261
Highet, Gilbert, 39
Hill, James J., 131
Hinduism, 293
Hiroshima, bomb dropped on, 271
history:
American contempt for, 103
European sense of, 99–100
mythological influence on, 91–92
Hitler, Adolf, 54, 256, 257-258, 260n, 264, 265, 271
Holy Communion, 51
holy days, 50
Holy Spirit, 220
home, sense of, 52-53, 60–61
see also community
homelessness, 60–61
Homer:
Odyssey, 104-105,166, 273, 295-297
Oedipus myth and, 28
on Sisyphus, 145
homicide rates, 100
homosexuality, 225
Horney, Karen, 102
Hoyle, Sir Fred, 300
hubris, 34n, 231-232
humanism:
of Goethe, 235, 255
Renaissance, 227
humanities:
decline of, 57
in education of therapists, 153
human role, limitations inherent in, 231-232
Hussell, P. 300n
hymen, flower as symbol of, 206
Ibsen, Henrik:
background of, 169, 170
Doll’s House, 289
psychoanalytic revolution and, 183
on trolls, 177-178
see also Peer Gynt
Icarus, 222, 265
id, 233
identification, 201
identity:
case histories on, 31–37
heroism as reflection of, 58
myth used in search for, 26, 30
names and, 47
Oedipus myth and, 28, 30
personal background and, 47, 48
psychotherapy and, 16
identity confusion, 289
“I Don’t Understand” (Yevtushenko), 168n, 170
illness:
creativity derived from, 262-263
cult
ural decline as, 260–261
immigrants, American, 48, 49, 95–96
immortality, 293
I’m O.K., You’re O.K. (Berne), 268
impotence, 180
individualism:
American belief in, 108–10
collective guilt vs., 265
as left-brain principle, 288
narcissism and, 112, 114, 177
in Peer Gynt, 175-177
psychological depression and, 122-123
in religion, 109-–10
in Renaissance thought, 220
success and, 11;, 117, 119
industrialism:
alienation of labor through, 242
Enlightenment values and, 235, 236, 250
masculinity of, 288
patriarchal power of, 246-247, 250
I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (Green), 17-21, 98
infant sexuality, Freudian theories of, 65
Inferno (Dante), 39, 154–155, 156, 160–162
inspiration, 276
instincts, 72
intentionality, 208
International Society for Astrological Research, 22n
Interpretation of Dreams, The (Freud), 74
intuition, 163, 246
Ireland, nineteenth-century emigration from, 48
Isaiah, Book of, 42, 271-272
Ishmael, 277
Ismene, 81,82, 85
I-thou relationship, 193
Jacob, 42
James, Jesse, 95
James, William, 51n, 115
Jazz Age, 125-–26
carelessness of, 133–134
daily monotony denied in, 145
Fitzgerald and, 127, 128,135
Lindbergh’s heroism in, 54–55
loneliness in, 137
romance of, 128
self-pity and, 139
Jeffers, Robinson, 39
Jensen, Wilhelm, 164
Jesus Christ:
birth of, 38, 50
in Christian trinity, 220
crucifixion of, 50,166, 233, 280
in desert, 94-95
on guilt, 83
Lucifer’s jealousy of, 34n
salesmanship and, 126
Joan of Arc, Saint, 284
Job, Book of, 34, 236-237, 281
Jocasta, 75, 78, 80, 205
Johnston, Moira, 119n
Jonah, 278
Jones, Ernest, 73, 74–75
Jones, Jim, 23, 274
Joseph and His Brothers (Mann), 31, 73
Joyce, James, 154,162
Judaism, 39
Jung, Carl:
Answer to Job, 237
on collective unconscious, 38, 171
on conscious vs. unconscious, 225
evolutionary theory and, 201n
on Haggard, 165
on mythlessness, 63
on poetic perception, 37-38
on preconscious psyche, 37-38
“shadow” concept of, 27, 271
kairos, 92, 205, 206, 208, 209
Kaluli, 122
Kant, Immanuel, 236
Kennedy, John F., 102
Kepler, Johannes, 220
Kernberg, Otto, 112n
Key, Francis Scott, 127
Kierkegaard, Søren:
on being vs. choosing, 179
cultural influences of, 74, 170, 171
on meaning of existence, 15
modern alienation and, 207
purity of heart defined by, 132
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 57, 58
King and I, The (Rodgers and Hammerstein), 195
King Lear (Shakespeare), 23
Kirkpatrick, Jeanne, 291
Kissinger, Henry, 97-98
Kluckhohn, Clyde, 51n
knowledge:
lust for, 220-221, 224, 231
magic linked with, 220-221, 222, 267-268
Kohut, Hans, 112n
Kunta Kinte, 48,49
labor, alienation of, 242
Laing, Ronald, 52
Laius, 75, 78n, 79,80
language:
myth and, 23
rationalistic, 26
Lasch, Christopher, 112
Last Supper, 50
left-brain activity, 25, 288
Lennon, John, 98
Leonardo da Vinci, 246
Levin, Jennifer Dawn, 59-61
Levine, Arthur, 56
Levi-Strauss, Claude, 38
Leviticus, Book of, 52
Le Vot, Andrew, 129, 132, 139, 141, 142
Lewis, Sinclair, 27
Life, 27
Lifton, Robert, 104,105
Lincoln, Bruce, 290
Lindbergh, Charles, 54-55
Listening, 24n
“Little Gidding” (Eliot), 70
Lives in Progress (White), 115n
Lives of the Engineers (Smiles), 250
Lives of the Painters (Vasari), 250
Loman, Willy (fictional character), 43,117, 137, 141
loneliness:
in America, 48, 96–101,106
of death, 294
in Great Catsby, 135–137
myths as sharers of, 17, 21
reaction-formation and, 98
violence and, 100
Lonely Crowd, The (Riesman), 97n
Lone Ranger, 96–97
lotteries, 119–120, 124
love:
as community, 164, 165
death vs. 76-77, 294
forgiveness and, 255
myths of, 39
see also Eros
Love and Will (May), 27, 61, 135n, 250n
Lovell, Jim, 298
Lucifer, 32, 34,139, 223, 272-273, 380
see also devil; Satan
luck, 117, 118,119-120
Lucretius, 16
“Luke Larkin’s Luck” (Alger), 115–118
Great Gatsby vs., 129
publication of, 115–116
stranger in, 116,117
western redemptive theme in, 95, 116–117
Luther, Martin, 220, 260, 272
Macbeth (Shakespeare), 42, 152, 282
McCartney, Paul, 98
Machiavelli, Nicolò, 52
Maclntyre, Alasdair, 69
MacLeish, Archibald, 22-23, 297-298
Marshall McLuhan Institute, 301
McPherson, Aimée Semple, 126
Magellan, Ferdinand, 300
magic, knowledge as, 220–221, 222, 267-268
Magic, Science and Religion (Malinowski), 15, 30
Magic Mountain, The (Mann), 256, 260n
Mailer, Norman, 42
Malinowski, Bronislaw, 15, 30,60
Manichaeanism, 32, 271
manifest destiny, 94,100
Mann, Thomas:
Hitlerism and, 256–258, 264
on myths, 27, 31, 50,73
on psychologists, 260, 266
writing process of, 258, 264
see also Doctor Faustus
Man Nobody Knows, The (Barton), 126
Man’s Search for Himself (May), 208n
Mardi Gras, 50
Mariology, 288
Marlowe, Christopher:
background of, 222
see also Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus
Mary, Christian trinity and, 220
Maslow, Abraham, 294
materialism, 56, 218
Mayflower, 92
Meaning of Anxiety (May), 51n
Medea, 155
medicine, progress in, 260–261
meditation, 145
“me-first” philosophy, 56
Melville, Herman, 277-284
memory:
creativity and, 68n, 70-71
earliest, 64, 65, 66–67, 68–70, 74–75
mechanical models of, 67-68, 70
reality of, 65
three facets of, 68
men, left-brain activity associated with, 288
menstruation, 200, 203
mental telepathy, 163
; Mephistopheles:
in Goethe’s Faust, 34, 23;, 236, 237–423. 245–246, 248, 240–252, 254. 255. 272-273, 280
in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, 232
see also Satan
mercy, 134
Merton, Thomas, 91
Merwin, W. S., 1o6
Meyer, Adolph, 69
Meyer, Michael, 169n, 170
Michelangelo, 209
Middle Ages, prominence of divinity in, 222
migraine, 259-260
Milken, Michael, 124n
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 128
Miller, Arthur, 42-44, 261-262
Milton, John, 34, 274
Minkowski, Eugene, 203n
Mirandola, 220 Mnemosyne, 71
Moby Dick (Melville), 34, 277-284
money:
as escape from depression, 238n
ethical acquisition of, 131
U.S. emphasis on, 48, 56, 60, 106, 11;, 119, 123–124,131
monotony, 145, 146,147
Moonies, 22n
morality:
education in, 28-29
individualistic view of, 110
international, 298
mythlessness and, 31, 59–60
passion vs., 161
see also ethics
mortality, 293-297
Moses, birth of, 38
motherhood, feminine abilities symbolized by, 243, 246–247, 291–292
motivation, 61
Mount Olympus, divine conflicts on, 278, 283
movies, 18, 26–27
Movers, Bill, 123–124
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 218, 236, 297
Muktananda, 22n
Muller, Max, 25
murder, 100
Murray, Henry, 25n, 34, 271-272, 277n, 278, 279n, 282, 283-284
Musgrave, Susan, 66
music, artist decline and, 262
mystery, myth and, 31, 73, 300
myth(s):
archetypal patterns manifested in, 37-38
art vs., 28
aspirations derived from, 61
astrology as, 22n
of care, 250n
catharsis of, 221, 232-233
as celebration, 50-52
of change, 102-106
consciousness vs., 37
cults and, 22-24
as cultural necessity, 15–16
death and, 39, 217, 219
denial of, 24-25
of Eros, 39, 76-77, 134
eternal values represented in, 26-29, 39–40, 59, 60,196, 297
fairy tales vs., 196
as falsehood, 23, 24-25
of Faust, 217-222, 229–230, 253
four functions of, 15–16, 30-31
of freedom, 95
Greek, see Creek myths
healing power of, 81, 82, 84–87
Hebrew, 28, 42
history preceded by, 91-92
individual identity and, 16, 26, 30, 31-37
lack of, 21,63
language and, 23
of love, 39
Mann on, 27, 31, 50, 73
memory transformed into, 67–68,70
modern deterioration of, 15, 19
mystery and, 31, 73, 300
of newness, 101-104
of Oedipus, 28, 37, 38, 43, 72–73, 75, 78n, 81, 82, 84–86,180–181, 284
poets and, 106
progressive vs. regressive functions of, 86-87
in psychotherapeutic process, 15–21, 31–37