Mozart's Women
Page 43
Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, ref 1, ref 2
Ippold, Franz Armand d’ (Diepold), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Isabella of Parma, ref 1
Jacquin, Gottfried von, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Jahn, Ignaz, ref 1
Jahndl, Anton, ref 1, ref 2
Janizzewski, Count, ref 1
Jautz, Dominik Joseph, ref 1
Jenamy, Victoire, ref 1
Johanna Gabriella, Archduchess, ref 1
Joseph II, Emperor: accession as Emperor, ref 1; death, ref 1, ref 1; Enlightenment views, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Die Entführung commission, ref 1; father’s death, ref 1; Italian opera, ref 1; marriages, ref 1; mother’s death, ref 1; Mozart children’s performance before, ref 1; musicians, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; niece’s marriage, ref 1, ref 2; regulation of church music, ref 1; Der Schauspieldirektor commission, ref 1; Schönbrunn party, ref 1; theatre company, ref 1; tomb, ref 1; view of WAM’s work, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; war with Turks, ref 1, ref 2
Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton von, ref 1
Keller, Maximilian, ref 1, ref 2
Kelly, Michael: career, ref 1, ref 2; friendship with Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2; memories of Aloysia, ref 1; memories of Storaces, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; work: Don Basilio, ref 1; Don Curzio, ref 1
Keyssler, Johann Georg, ref 1
Kirchheim-Bolanden, ref 1, ref 2
Klein, Anton, ref 1, ref 2
Kozeluch, Leopold, ref 1
Kranach, Nannerl, ref 1
Lackenbacher, Heinrich, ref 1, ref 2
Lang, Franz, ref 1
Lange, Aloysia (Weber): appearance, ref 1, ref 2; career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17; character, ref 1; children, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; concert tour with Constanze, ref 1; death, ref 1; education, ref 1; family background, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; grave, ref 1; health, ref 1; letters from WAM, ref 1; marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; move to Salzburg, ref 1; musical relationship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; musicianship, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; Novellos’ visit, ref 1, ref 2; pregnancies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; rejection of WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with Constanze, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with Leopold, ref 1, ref 2; retirement, ref 1; rivalry with Cavalieri, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; separation from husband, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; social life, ref 1, ref 2; voice, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; WAM’s love for, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; WAM’s plans for, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; work: ‘Ah, lo previdi’, ref 1; ‘Ah, non sai qual pena’, ref 1; ‘Ah, se in ciel, benigne stelle’, ref 1; Constanze, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Donna Anna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Handel solos, ref 1; Madame Herz, ref 1, ref 2; ‘No, che non sei capace’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; ‘Non sò d’onde viene’, ref 1, ref 2; Sesto, ref 1, ref 2; ‘Vorrei spiegarvi, oh Dio!’, ref 1, ref 2
Lange, Joseph: career, ref 1, ref 2; children, ref 1, ref 2; death, ref 1; marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 1, ref 2; performances, ref 1, ref 2; portrait painting, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; separation from wife, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; social life, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Lange, Maria Anna Sabina, ref 1
Lange, Philippina, ref 1
Laschi, Luisa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Leipzig, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Leitgeb, Franz Anton, ref 1, ref 2
Lemberg, ref 1
Leopold II, Emperor, earlier Archduke, Grand Duke of Tuscany: accession as Emperor, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; La clemenza di Tito commission, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; coronations, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; daughter’s marriage, ref 1; King of Bohemia, ref 1; marriage, ref 1; petition from Constanze, ref 1; successor, ref 1; view of Freemasonry, ref 1
Lichnowsky, Karl, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Linley, Thomas, ref 1
Linz, ref 1, ref 2
Lipp, Maria Magdalena: career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; character, ref 1; drunkenness, ref 1, ref 2; family background, ref 1; marriage, ref 1; performances of WAM’s work, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; voice, ref 1
Livorno, ref 1
Lodron, Countess, ref 1
Lolli, Giuseppe, ref 1
Lolli, Giuseppe Francesco, ref 1
London: Aloysia’s plans, ref 1; Benucci’s visit, ref 1, ref 2; Gabrielli’s appearances, ref 1; Haydn’s visit, ref 1, ref 2; Mozart children’s tour, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Storace’s career, ref 1; tour plans, ref 1
Lotter, Johann Jacob, ref 1, ref 2
Louis XV, King, ref 1
Louis XVI, King, ref 1, ref 2
Lutzow, Countess, ref 1
Mainz, ref 1, ref 2
Mandini, Maria, ref 1
Mandini, Stefano: career, ref 1, ref 2; WAM’s plans for, ref 1; work: in L’arbore di Diana, ref 1; in Il barbiere di Seviglia, ref 1, ref 2; Count Almaviva, ref 1, ref 2; in Prima la musica, ref 1; in La scuola di gelosia, ref 1
Mannheim: Cannabich orchestra, ref 1, ref 2; Court, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; WAM’s journey to, ref 1, ref 2; WAM’s visits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; Weber family, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Manservisi, Rosa, ref 1
Manzuoli, Giovanni, ref 1
Marchand, Gretl: career, ref 1, ref 2; education in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with Nannerl, ref 1, ref 2
Marchand, Heinrich: education in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with Nannerl, ref 1; Vienna visit, ref 1
Marchand, Theodor Hilarius, ref 1
Marchand family, ref 1
Marchese, Luigi, ref 1
Marchetti-Fantozzi, Maria, ref 1, ref 2
Maria Amalia, Archduchess, ref 1
Maria Carolina, Archduchess, ref 1
Maria Christina, Archduchess, ref 1, ref 2
Maria Feodorovna, Grand Duchess, ref 1
Maria Josefa, Archduchess, ref 1, ref 2
Maria Josefa of Bavaria, ref 1
Maria Theresa, Archduchess, ref 1, ref 2
Maria Theresa, Empress: attitude to WAM’s employment, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; children’s marriages, ref 1, ref 2; death, ref 1, ref 2; health, ref 1; husband’s death, ref 1; War of Austrian Succession, ref 1; young Mozarts’ performances, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Marie Antoinette, Queen, ref 1, ref 2
Marie Louise, Empress, ref 1, ref 2
Martin y Soler, Vicente: arrival in Vienna, ref 1; works: L’arbore di Diana, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Il burbero di buon cuore, ref 1; Una cosa rara, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Martini, Giovanni Battista, ref 1, ref 2
Maximilian III, Elector, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Maximilian Franz, Archduke, ref 1
Mayer, Friedrich Sebastian, ref 1
Mazzolà, Caterino, ref 1, ref 2
Meiningen, ref 1
Meissner, Joseph, ref 1, ref 2
Mesmer, Franz Anton, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Metastasio, Pietro: Da Ponte’s opinion of, ref 1; opinion of La finta semplice, ref 1; references, ref 1; works: Alessandro nell’Indie, ref 1; La cantante e l’impresario, ref 1; La clemenza di Tito, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; L’Olympiade, ref 1; Il re pastore, ref 1
Metzger, Joseph, ref 1
Micelli, Caterina, ref 1
Miklasiewicz, Antonia, ref 1
Milan: Carl’s career and life, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; Carl’s education, ref 1, ref 2; commissions, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Constanze’s visit, ref 1; Gabrielli’s performances, ref 1; performance of Ascanio in Alba, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; performance of Lucio Silla, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; performance of Mitridate, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; WAM’s visits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; young Wolfgang’s visit, ref 1
Molière, ref 1
Mölk, Albert von, ref 1
Mölk, Herr von, ref 1
Morella, Francesco, ref 1, ref 2
Morgnoni, Bassano, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Moscheles, Ignaz, ref 1
Moser, Franz Joseph, ref 1
Mozart, Anna Maria (daughter of WAM), ref 1, ref 2
Mozart, Anna Maria (grandmother of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Mozart, Carl Thomas (son of WAM): birth, ref 1; career, ref 1; character, ref 1; childhood, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11; childhood memories, ref 1; daughter, ref 1; death, ref 1; education, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; inheritance, ref 1; life in Milan, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; love affair, ref 1, ref 2; at Mozart celebrations, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with aunt, ref 1; relationship with brother, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with mother, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; relationship with stepfather, ref 1
Mozart, Constanze (Weber, wife of WAM): appearance, ref 1, ref 2; attitude to graves, ref 1; C minor Mass solo, ref 1; character, ref 1, ref 2; childhood, ref 1; children, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10; concert tour, ref 1; death, ref 1, ref 2; death of second husband, ref 1; education, ref 1; family background, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; finances, ref 1, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; funeral, ref 1; grave, ref 1; health, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; help with Don Giovanni, ref 1; homes, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13; housekeeping, ref 1; husband’s funeral, ref 1; husband’s illness and death, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; in Italy, ref 1; letters, ref 1; life in Copenhagen, ref 1, ref 2; life with sister Sophie, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; marriage question, ref 1; married life, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; memories of WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; move to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Novellos’ visit, ref 1, ref 2; Prague visit, ref 1; pregnancies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; publication of WAM’s works, ref 1; relationship with father-in-law, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with husband, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; relationship with Puchbergs, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with sister-in-law, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; relationship with sons, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; Requiem Mass completion, ref 1; Salzburg visit, ref 1, ref 2; second marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; singing, ref 1, ref 2; son’s love affair, ref 1, ref 2; WAM’s biography, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; wedding, ref 1, ref 2; widowhood, ref 1; will, ref 1
Mozart, Franz Alois (uncle of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Mozart, Franz Xavier (son of WAM), see Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart, Johann Georg (grandfather of WAM), ref 1
Mozart, Johann Thomas Leopold (son of WAM), ref 1
Mozart, Leopold (father of WAM): appearance, ref 1; career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10; character, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; childhood, ref 1; children, ref 1, ref 2; death, ref 1; finances, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; Freemason, ref 1; funeral, ref 1; grandchildren, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; grave, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; health, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; home, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Idomeneo involvement, ref 1; Italian tours, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; letters, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16; marriage, ref 1, ref 2; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with daughter, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; relationship with daughter-in-law, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with mother, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with son, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13; relationship with Weber family, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; relationship with wife, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; return to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; son’s marriage, ref 1; son’s Salzburg visit, ref 1; son’s works, ref 1; as teacher, ref 1, ref 2; tours with children, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; trophies of tours, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; in Vienna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; wife’s death, ref 1, ref 2; will, ref 1, ref 2; works, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Mozart, Maria Anna (Pertl, mother of WAM): appearance, ref 1; in Augsburg, ref 1; birth, ref 1, ref 2; character, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; childhood, 412; children, ref 1, ref 2; death, ref 1, ref 2; drinking, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; funeral, ref 1; grave, ref 1; health, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; home, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; journey with son, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; letters, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; in Mannheim, ref 1, ref 2; marriage, ref 1, ref 2; in Munich, ref 1; in Paris, ref 1; relationship with husband, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; return to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; tours, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; in Vienna, ref 1
Mozart, Maria Anna (Nannerl, sister of WAM): appearance, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; birth, ref 1, ref 2; brother’s Salzburg visit, ref 1; career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; character, ref 1; childhood, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; children, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; collection of letters, ref 1; death, ref 1; diary, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; father’s death, ref 1; grave, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; health, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13; housekeeping, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Idomeneo involvement, ref 1; last illness, ref 2; letters, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; memories of WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; mother’s death, ref 1, ref 2; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; Novellos’ visit, ref 1, ref 2; old age in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; piano lessons, ref 1, ref 2; piano playing, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15; pregnancy, ref 1; relationship with brother, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18; relationship with father, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; relationship with husband, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with mother, ref 1; relationship with nephew, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; relationship with servants, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with sister-in-law, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; relationship with stepchildren, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; return to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; suitors, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; tours, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; in Vienna, ref 1; will, ref 1, ref 2
Mozart, Maria Anna (Sulzer, grandmother of WAM), ref 1, ref 2
Mozart, Maria Anna Thekla (the ‘Bäsle’, cousin of WAM): childhood, ref 1, ref 2; illegitimate child, ref 1; relationship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; WAM’s letters to, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Mozart, Raimund Leopold (son of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Mozart, Theresia (daughter of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (Johann Chrysostomus Wolfgang Theophilus): birth, ref 1, ref 2; childhood, ref 1, ref 2; first compositions, ref 1, ref 2; tours as a child with sister, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; return to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; in Vienna, ref 1, ref 2; return to Salzburg, ref 1; trips to Italy with father, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; in Salzburg, ref 1; in Vienna with father, ref 1, ref 2; in Salzburg, ref 1; in Munich with father, ref 1, ref 2; in Salzburg, ref 1; journey with mother, ref 1; in Munich, ref 1; in Augsburg, ref 1; in Mannheim, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; in Paris, ref 1; mother’s death, ref 1; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2; return to Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2; appointment as Court organist, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; life in Salzburg, ref 1; in Munich, ref 1, ref 2; in Vienna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; dismissal by Colloredo, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; career as freelance musician, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; piano contest, ref 1; marriage question, ref 1, ref 2; wedding, ref 1; married life, ref 1, ref 2; birth of son Raimund, ref 1; Salzburg visit, ref 1, ref 2; death of son Raimund, ref 1; sister’s marriage, ref 1; birth of son Carl Thomas, ref 1; Vienna visit, ref 1; publication of works, ref 1; attitude to libretto, ref 1; catalogue of compositions, ref 1, ref 2; son Johann’s birth and death, ref 1; Prague visits,
ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; father’s death, ref 1; Imperial Court Composer (Kammermusikus), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; daughter Theresia’s birth and death, ref 1, ref 2; Handel commissions, ref 1; Berlin trip, ref 1; wife’s illness, ref 1, ref 2; daughter Anna Maria’s birth and death, ref 1; Frankfurt trip, ref 2; Vienna performances, ref 1; assistant to Kapellmeister, ref 1; opera commissions, ref 1; Requiem Mass commission, ref 1, ref 2; birth of son Franz Xavier, ref 1; illness, ref 1; last days, ref 1; death, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; funeral, ref 1, ref 2; grave, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
FINANCES: carriage, ref 1, ref 2; Constanze’s approach, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; debts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; earnings from compositions and performances, ref 1, ref 2; medical expenses, ref 1; payment for Requiem Mass, ref 1; rental expenses, ref 1, ref 2; salary as Imperial Court Composer, ref 1
LETTERS: biographical use of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; expression and style, ref 1; from Augsburg, ref 1; from Berlin trip, ref 1; from Frankfurt, ref 1; from Italy, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; from journey with mother, ref 1; from Mannheim, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; from Munich, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; from Paris, ref 1, ref 2; from Prague, ref 1; from Prague journey, ref 1; from Vienna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12; poems in, ref 1, ref 2; to Bäsle, ref 1, ref 2, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
MEMORIALS: biographies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10; catalogue of compositions, ref 1, ref 2; Centenary celebrations (1856), ref 1; half-centenary concert, ref 1; manuscripts, ref 1; memorial concert in Prague, ref 1; memorial service, ref 1; Mozarteum, ref 1, ref 2; Mozartplatz, ref 1, ref 2; obituaries, ref 1; publication of works, ref 1, ref 2; statue, ref 1
PERSON: appearance, ref 1, ref 2; character, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; fear of trumpet, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Freemason, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; health, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; home life, ref 1; homes, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13; humour, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; languages, ref 1, ref 2; portraits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; social life, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3