Mozart's Women

by Glover, Jane

  – Memoirs of Lorenzo Da Ponte, trans. E. Abbott, New York 1967

  Gärtner, H., Constanze Mozart, After the Requiem, trans. R. Pauly, Munich 1986

  Gutman, R., Mozart: A Cultural Biography, New York 1999

  Halliwell, R., The Mozart Family, Oxford 1998

  Hildesheimer, W., Mozart, Frankfurt 1977; trans. Marion Faber, London 1983

  Hodges, S., Lorenzo Da Ponte: The Life and Times of Mozart’s Librettist, London 1985

  Kelly, M., Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, ed. R. Fiske, London 1975

  Levey, M., The Life and Death of Mozart, London 1971

  Mann, W., The Operas of Mozart, London 1977

  Medici, N. and Hughes, R., A Mozart Pilgrimage: The Travel Diaries of Vincent and Mary Novello in the Year 1829, London 1955

  Robbins Landon, H. C., Mozart and the Masons, London 1982

  – 1791: Mozart’s Last Year, London 1988

  – Mozart: The Golden Years, London 1989

  – (ed.), The Mozart Compendium, London 1990

  Sadie, S. and Eisen C., The New Grove Mozart, revised London 2001

  Shaffer, P., Amadeus, London 1980

  Solomon, M., Mozart: A Life, London 1995

  Spaethling, R., Mozart’s Letters, Mozart’s Life, London 2000

  Stafford, W., Mozart’s Death, London 1991

  – The Mozart Myths, Stanford 1991

  Steptoe, A., The Mozart–Da Ponte Operas, Oxford 1988

  Tyson, A., Mozart: Studies of the Autograph Scores, London 1987

  Wheatcroft, A., The Habsburgs, London 1995

  Acknowledgements

  I believe that the seed for this book was germinated in my early childhood. Hearing any music of Mozart on recordings, I would become utterly absorbed, and I soon found myself wanting to know more about the boy composer, who would die when still a young man. When I discovered that he had had a musical sister, who had performed with him across Europe for many years, I was even more intrigued. (I fear that, ludicrously, I rather identified with her.)

  By the time I reached adulthood my communion with Mozart’s music was profound, thrilling and consoling. My employment at that supreme Mozart establishment, Glyndebourne, and then my appointment as Artistic Director of the London Mozart Players, cemented my professional commitment to the composer. I made a six-part television series on him for the BBC, and in due course recorded all the mature symphonies, and many concertos and arias. The 1991 commemorations of the bicentenary of Mozart’s death were an enormous focus on all aspects of his life and work, for all musicians across the world. Among countless Mozartian activities, I became increasinlgy interested in Constanze and her family; and, together with Elizabeth Jane Howard, spent happy hours planning a possible television play on the four Weber sisters. Most recently, at the approach of 2006 and the 250th anniversary of Mozart’s birth, I widened my fascination yet again. And thus the present project, covering Mozart’s family, Constanze’s family, Mozart’s interpreters and the roles they created, came into being.

  Many significant individuals have accompanied me on this fascinating journey. For years I have discussed the idea with my great friend Simon Callow, himself a formidable writer as well as an actor and director (truly a Schikaneder personality): significantly he created the role of Mozart in Peter Shaffer’s brilliant play Amadeus, and he has been my frequent stage partner, as reader of Mozart letters in concerts of his music. Simon introduced me to his literary agent Margaret Hanbury, and then she led me to both Macmillan and HarperCollins. Georgina Morley at Macmillan, and Hugh van Dusen at HarperCollins, like Maggie, have been model guardians of this project, taking care of this very part-time author by offering equal measures of guidance, encouragement, freedom and (gentle) admonition.

  The Mozart field has been enormously well mined, and for this book I have done no original research in dusty libraries, discovering documents hitherto unnoticed. But I have read copiously the fruits of others’ diligence (some of which is listed here in a select bibliography) with admiration, respect and gratitude. Andrew Eggert has assisted me greatly in hunting down obscure publications, and then discussing their content with me. Other individuals who have made significant contributions to my researches, discoveries and perspective are Mike Ashman, Nonie Beck, Imogen Cooper, John Cox, Brian Dickie, Geraldine Frank, Ruth Halliwell, Julian Hope, Felicity Lott, Diane Paulus, Adam Pollock, Richard Stokes, and Erna Schwerin and her organization, the Friends of Mozart.

  When the book was in typescript, two close friends read it. Both Ellen Rosand, my long-time musicological mentor (and fellow Venetian), and Nicholas Kenyon, whose first version of his own book on Mozart was neatly exchanged with mine (we read each other’s), made observations and comments of inestimable value, and I am immensely grateful to them. And above all I offer profound thanks to all my other colleagues in the musical and theatrical worlds, with whom, over the last three decades, I have had the privilege of performing the music of Mozart. These include especially ‘my’ two orchestras, the London Mozart Players and Chicago’s Music of the Baroque, and the opera companies Glyndebourne and English National Opera. In addition to these, my professional path has taken me to many organizations in Europe, America and Australasia, and every singer, instrumentalist, director and designer has contributed therefore to my ever-enriched vessel of Mozartian experience.

  Index

  Adamberger, Johann: career, ref 1, ref 2;

  friendship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2;

  work: Belmonte, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4;

  Handel solos, ref 1; Vogelsang, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Adamberger, Maria Anna, ref 1, ref 2

  Adlgasser, Anton Cajetan, ref 1, ref 2

  Affligio, Giuseppe, ref 1

  Albert, Prince of Saxony, ref 1

  Albert Kasimir, Duke of Saxe-Teschen, ref 1, ref 2

  Albertarelli, Francesco, ref 1, ref 2

  Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, ref 1

  Allegri, Gregorio, ref 1

  Amsterdam, ref 1

  André, Johann Anton, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Anfossi, Pasquale, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Anton Clemens, Prince of Saxony, ref 1, ref 2

  Antonini, Signora, ref 1

  Artaria, publishing firm, ref 1, ref 2

  Arth, Eleanora, ref 1

  Asioli, Bonifazio, ref 1, ref 2

  Attwood, Thomas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Auernhammer, Josefa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Auernhammer family, ref 1, ref 2

  Augsburg: Mozart family, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; Mozart performances, ref 1, ref 2; Schikaneder’s company, ref 1; WAM’s visits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bach, C. P. E., ref 1

  Bach, Johann Christian, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Bach, Johann Sebastian, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bad Gastein, ref 1

  Baden, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Baglioni, Antonio, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bähr, Joseph, ref 1

  Barisani family, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Baroni-Cavalcabo, Josephine, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Baroni-Cavalcabo, Julia, ref 1

  Bassi, Luigi, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bauernfeld, Joseph von, ref 1

  Baworowsky, Count, ref 1

  Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Bedini, Domenico, ref 1

  Beethoven, Ludwig van: attitude to performers, ref 1; on Bassi, ref 1; friends, ref 1; patron, ref 1; performances, ref 1; relationship with WAM, ref 1, ref 1; works: ‘Eroica’ symphony, ref 1; Fidelio, ref 1

  Benda, Georg, ref 1, ref 2

  Benedetti, Pietro, ref 1

  Benucci, Francesco: career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; London visit, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with Storace, ref 1, ref 2; work: in Il barbiere di Siviglia, ref 1, ref 2; in Il burbero di buon cuore, ref 1; Figaro, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Guglielmo, ref 1; Leporello, ref 1; in Prima la music
a e poi le parole, ref 1; in La scuola di gelosia, ref 1

  Berchtold, Jeanette Maria, ref 1

  Berchtold, Johanna (Jeanette, niece of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Berchtold, Karl Joseph Franz, ref 1

  Berchtold, Leopold Alois Pantaleon (Leopoldl, nephew of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Berchtold, Maria ref 1

  Berchtold, Maria Babette (niece of WAM), ref 1, ref 2

  Berchtold zu Sonnenburg, Johann Baptist Franz von (brother-in-law of WAM), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Berlin, ref 1, ref 2

  Bernasconi, Antonia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bertati, Giovanni, ref 1

  Bianchi, Francesco, ref 1

  Bimperl (dog), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Böhm, Johann, ref 1

  Bologna, ref 1, ref 2

  Bondini, Caterina, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bondini, Pasquale, ref 1, ref 2

  Bonno, Giuseppe, ref 1

  Bordoni, Faustina, ref 1

  Brauenhofer, Maria Anna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Breitkopf & Härtel, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Bretzner, Christoph Friedrich, ref 1, ref 2

  Brno, ref 1, ref 2

  Brussels, ref 1

  Bullinger, Abbé, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Burney, Charles, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Bussani, Dorotea, ref 1, ref 2

  Bussani, Francesco, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Caldara, Antonio, ref 1

  Calvesi, Vincenzo, ref 1, ref 2

  Calzabigi, Ranieri, ref 1

  Camesina, Albert, ref 1, ref 2

  Campi, Antonia, ref 1

  Campi, Gaetano, ref 1

  Campra, André, ref 1

  Cannabich, Carl, ref 1

  Cannabich, Christian: career, ref 1, ref 2; friendship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; orchestra, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; WAM’s concerts, ref 1, ref 2

  Cannabich, Elisabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Cannabich, Rosa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Cannabich family, ref 1, ref 2

  Carl Theodor, Elector: Bavarian inheritance, ref 1, ref 2; Idomeneo commission, ref 1; musical establishment, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with WAM, ref 1

  Carmontelle, Louis de, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Caroline, Princess of Orange, ref 1, ref 2

  Casanova, Giuseppe, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Casti, Giovanni Battista, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Catherine the Great, Empress, ref 1, ref 2

  Cavalieri, Caterina: career, ref 1, ref 2; mistress of Salieri, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; rivalry with Aloysia, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; voice, ref 1, ref 2; work: Constanze, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Countess, ref 1; Donna Elvira, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Madame Silberklang, ref 1

  Charlotte, Queen, ref 1

  Cigna-Santi, Vittorio Amadeo, ref 1, ref 2

  Cimarosa, Domenico, ref 1, ref 2

  Clementi, Muzio, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Clossett, Doctor, ref 1

  Colloredo, Hieronymus Franz de Paula, Prince Archbishop: appointment, ref 1; character, ref 1; flight from Napoleon, ref 1; move to Vienna, ref 1; Munich visit, ref 1; musical household, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; sister, ref 1; theatre, ref 1

  Copenhagen, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Cordoni, Signor, ref 1

  Cornelys, Teresa, ref 1

  Cornetti, ref 1

  Cramer, J. B., ref 1

  Da Ponte, Lorenzo, ‘Abbate’: banishment from Vienna, ref 1, ref 2; career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; Casanova friendship, ref 1, ref 2; character, ref 1, ref 2; memoirs, ref 1; mistress, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; relationship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; style, ref 1; in Venice, ref 1; works: L’arbore di Diana, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Axur (Tarare) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Il burbero di buon cuore, ref 1; Una cosa rara, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Così fan tutte, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; Davidde penitente, ref 1; Don Giovanni, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9; Gli equivoci, ref 1; Le nozze di Figaro, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; ‘Per la ricuperata salute d’Ophelia’, ref 1; Il ricco d’un giorno, ref 1

  Dal Prato, Vincenzo, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Dauchet, ref 1

  Dauer, Johann Ernst, ref 1

  Davies, Cecilia, ref 1

  De Amicis, Anna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  del Bene, Luigi, ref 1

  Diepold, see Ippold

  Dittersdorf, Carl Ditters von, ref 1

  Djakovar (Dakovo), ref 1, ref 2

  Dover, Joseph Yorke, Baron, ref 1

  Dresden, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Durazzo, Count, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Duschek, Franz Xavier, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Duschek, Josefa (Josephine): family, ref 1, ref 2; finances, ref 1; friendship with Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; marriage, ref 1; WAM’s memorials, ref 1, ref 2; WAM’s writing for, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Eberl, Anton, ref 1, ref 2

  Eberlin, Barbara, ref 1

  Edelbach, Herr, ref 1

  Elisabeth, Archduchess, ref 1

  Elisabeth, Princess of Württenberg, ref 1, ref 2

  Epinay, Madame d’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Este, Maria Beatrice d’, ref 1, ref 2

  Exner, Herr, ref 1

  Eybler, Joseph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Ferdinand, Archduke, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, ref 1

  Fesemayr, Maria Anna, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Feuerstein, Johann Friedrich, ref 1, ref 2

  Fiala, Joseph, ref 1

  Firmian, Count, ref 1

  Fischer, Ludwig, ref 1, ref 2

  Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard, ref 1

  Fischietti, Domenico, ref 1

  Fisher, John, ref 1

  Florence, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Francis, husband of Empress Maria Theresa, ref 1

  Francis II, Emperor, ref 1, ref 2

  Frankfurt, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Franz, Archduke, ref 1

  Freemasonry: Leopold’s membership, ref 1; WAM’s compositions, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; WAM’s fellow Freemasons, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; WAM’s membership, ref 1, ref 2; Die Zauberflöte, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Friedel, Johann, ref 1

  Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia, ref 1

  Gabrielli, Adriana, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Gamerra, Giovanni de, ref 1

  Gazzaniga, Giuseppe, ref 1

  Geneva, ref 1

  George III, King, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  George IV, King, ref 1

  Gerl, Barbara, ref 1

  Gerl, Franz Xavier, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Gerlichs, Frau von, ref 1

  Gilowsky, Franz, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Gilowsky, Katherl, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Gilowsky family, ref 1

  Gluck, Christoph Wilibald: attitude to singers, ref 1, ref 2; death, ref 1; response to WAM’s work, ref 1, ref 2; works: Alceste, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Goldhahn, Joseph, ref 1

  Goldoni, Carlo, ref 1

  Gottlieb, Anna: career, ref 1, ref 2; at WAM half-centenary concert, ref 1; work: Barbarina, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; Pamina, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Graz, ref 1

  Grimm, Baron: description of Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2; relationship with Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Guardasoni, Domenico, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Haffner family, ref 1, ref 2

  Hagenauer, Johann Lorenz: career, ref 1, ref 2; friendship with Mozarts, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Leopold’s letters, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; Mozart finances,
ref 1; Mozart introductions, ref 1, ref 2

  Hague, ref 1

  Haibl, Jakob, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Haibl, Katherina, ref 1

  Haibl, Sophie (Weber, sister-in-law of WAM): care of Franz Xavier, ref 1, ref 2; care of mother, ref 1; career, ref 1; character, ref 1; death, ref 1; family background, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; grave, ref 1; husband’s death, ref 1; marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; meeting with Leopold, ref 1; memories of WAM, ref 1, ref 2; Novellos’ visit, ref 1, ref 2; old age in Salzburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; relationship with Constanze, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8; WAM’s death, ref 1, ref 2

  Hamburg, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Handel, George Frideric, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Härtel, Gottfried Christoph, ref 1, ref 2

  Hasse, Johann Adolph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Haydn, Joseph: career, ref 1; education of WAM’s sons, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; friendship with WAM, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; London visit, ref 1; opinion of WAM’s work, ref 1; works: The Creation, ref 1; The Seasons, ref 1

  Haydn, Michael, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Heina, Franz Joseph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Herzog, Anton, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Hofdemel, Franz, ref 1, ref 2

  Hofdemel, Magdalena, ref 1

  Hofer, Franz: care of Constanze, ref 1; daughter, ref 1; death, ref 1; Frankfurt visit, ref 1; friendship with WAM, ref 1, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; marriage, ref 1, ref 2; Prague trip, ref 1

  Hofer, Josefa (daughter of Franz), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hofer, Josefa (Weber, wife of Franz, sister-in-law of WAM): career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; character, ref 1; daughter, ref 1; death, ref 1; family background, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; husband’s death, ref 1; marriages, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; musical education, ref 1, ref 2; support for Constanze, ref 1; voice, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; WAM’s death, ref 1; work: Constanze, ref 1; Donna Anna, ref 1; Fiordiligi, ref 1; Madame Herz, ref 1; memorial concert for WAM, ref 1; Queen of the Night, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; Righini cantata, ref 1

  Hoffmeister, Franz Anton, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hofmann, Leopold, ref 1

  Hönig, Carl, ref 1, ref 2

  Hübner, Father Beda, ref 1