Henry VI
Page 58
Farleigh Hungerford, (i)
Farnham, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Fastolf, Sir John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii); ‘Fastolf Relation’, (i)
Fauceby, John, king’s physician, (i)
Fauconberg, Lord, see Nevill, William
Faversham, (i)
Fécamp, abbot of, (i)
Felton, Master Robert, (i)
Ferryhill, (i)
Fiennes, James, Lord Say and Sele, treasurer of England, household chamberlain, king’s councillor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n, (x)n, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)
Fiennes, William, Lord Say and Sele, (i)
Finances, royal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Findern, Sir Thomas, (i)
Fitzalan, William, earl of Arundel, (i), (ii)
FitzHarry, William, esquire of the body, (i)n
Fitzhugh, Henry, Lord, (i)
Fitzhugh, Henry, Lord, (i), (ii)n
Fitzwalter, Lord, see Ratcliffe, John
Fitzwarren, Lord, see Bourchier, William
Flanders, (i), (ii)
Flint, chiefjustice of, (i)
Flushing, (i)
Fogge, John, (i), (ii)
Foix, house of, Gaston IV, count of, (i); Jean de, earl of Kendal, viscount of Castillon, (i), (ii)
Fontenil, Pierre de, (i)
Forde Abbey, (i), (ii)
Formigny, battle of, (i)
Fortescue, Sir John, Lord Chiefjustice of the King’s Bench, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Fosbroke, Matilda, king’s nurse, (i)
Fotheringhay, (i)
Fougères, (i) passim, (ii)
Fresnay, (i), (ii)
Frodsham, (i)
Frogenhall, Richard, (i), (ii)
Fronsac, (i), (ii)
Fulbrook Lodge, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Fulham, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Furness Fells, (i)
Gallet, Edmund, emissary of duke of Alençon, (i), (ii)
Gallet, Louis, called master of requests of Henry’s household, (i), (ii), (iii)
Garter, Order of, (i), (ii), (iii); feast of St George at Windsor, (i), (ii)
Gascoigne, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii)
Gascony, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) passim, (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv); lieutenant-general of, see Beaufort, Thomas; Holand, John; seneschal of, see Rampston, Thomas; Bonville, William, Wydeville, Richard
Gatton, (i)
Geddington, (i)
George, duke of Clarence, (i) passim; Isabel Nevill, wife of, (i)
Germany, (i), (ii), (iii)
Ghent, (i)
Gilbert, Master Robert, (i), (ii)
Gill, Thomas, king’s courier, (i)
Gilles of Brittany, see Brittany, Gilles of
Glamorgan and Morgannok, lordship of, (i)
Glastonbury, (i), (ii)
Gloucester, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); abbot of, see Boulers, Reginald; duke of, see Humphrey; Richard III; duchess of, see Hainault, Jacqueline, countess of; Cobham, Eleanor
Goddard, Dr William, (i)
Goodrest Lodge, (i)
Gough, Mathew, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Grand Conseil, (i), (ii)
Grange, (i)
Grantham, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Granville, (i)
Gravelines, peace conference at, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Gravesend, (i), (ii) passim
Gray, William, bishop of Lincoln, (i), (ii)
Greenwich, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii) passim
Gresham, (i), (ii)
Grey, Edward, Lord, of Ruthin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Grey, Edward, Lord Ferrers of Groby, (i)
Grey, Sir Ralph, (i)
Grey, Richard, Lord of Powys, (i)n
Grey, Thomas, Lord Rougemont-Grey, (i)n
Grey (Gray), William, bishop of Ely, (i), (ii)n, (iii), (iv)
Greystock, Ralph, Lord, (i), (ii)
Griffith ap David ap Thomas, (i)
Griffith ap Nicholas, (i)
Griffith, William, esquire of the body, (i)n
Grimsby, William, treasurer of the chamber, (i), (ii)
Guernsey, Isle of, (i)
Guildford, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Guînes, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Habsburg marriage possibility, (i)
Hackney, (i)
Hainault, (i); Jacqueline, countess of, (i), (ii)
Hales, John, bishop of Coventry, (i)n
Hall, Edward, (i), (ii)
Halley, Bartholomew, yeoman of the chamber, (i)
Hampden, Edmund, queen’s carver, chamberlain to the prince of Wales, (i)
Hampshire, (i)
Hampton, Bewes, (i)
Hampton, John, esquire of the body, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n, (vi)n
Hampton, Thomas, (i)
Handborough, (i), (ii)
Hans, portrait painter, (i)
Hanseatic trade, (i)
Hanworth, (i), (ii)
Haraucourt, Louis de, bishop of Toul, (i)
Harcourts, of Stanton Harcourt, (i); Harcourt, Sir Robert, (i)
Hardyng, John, (i), (ii)
Harfleur, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Harington, Sir James, (i)
Harlech, (i)
Hartfordbridge, (i), (ii)
Harvart, Jean, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Hastings, William, (i)n, (ii)
Hatclyff, William, physician to king, (i)
Hatfield, (i)
Haute, William, (i)
Havant, (i)
Havering atte Bower, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Haytesbury, (i)
Hayton, William, king’s secretary, (i), (ii)
Headington, (i)
Healaugh, (i)
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, (i)
Henley-on-Thames, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Henley-on-the-Heath, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Henrietta Maria, queen of England, (i)
Henry II, (i)
Henry III, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Henry IV, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Henry V, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) passim, (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv); will of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
HENRY VI
Career.
birth and parentage, (i); claims to the throne of France, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); accessions, (i); his father’s arrangements for his minority, (i); overruled in England by peers and council, (i); his kingship inalienable, (i), (ii); performing formal acts of state during minority, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n, (vii), (viii), (ix); his domestic life, (i); his governess, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); education, (i), (ii), (iii); his companions, (i), (ii), (iii); contest for his custody (1425), (i); knighted and holds an investiture (1426), (i); his governor and tutor, (i), (ii), (iii); his doctor, tutor and grammar master, (i), (ii), (iii)n, (iv); his Westminster coronation (1429) reshaped to the French pattern, (i); its date fixed by needs of his French kingdom, (i); expedition to France (1430–2), (i); his Paris coronation (1431), (i); return to England, (i); resists his governor’s discipline (1432), (i); problems of his French inheritance (1433), (i); financial crisis causes king and court to spend 4 months in a monastery (1433–4), (i); accepts but alters Bedford’s financial plans for the French possessions, (i); reproved for meddling in affairs of state (1434), (i); his participation in council meetings and decisions accepted from
October 1435, (i); expresses his resentment at the outcome of the Congress of Arras (1435), (i), (ii); supports Gloucester’s attack on Burgundy (1436), (i), (ii); assumes full power (November 1437), (i); methods of expressing his will, (i); commissions a new council, (i); government becomes peripatetic, centred on his household, (i); his household and royal affinity, (i); eclipse of the council from 1437, (i); the most influential advisers and agents of his personal rule identified, (i); his personal rule in England from 1437, (i); founds college of priests in Eton parish church (1440) in gratitude for his attainment of power, (i); founds college of Si Nicholas at Cambridge for extirpation of heresy and augmentation of priesthood (1441), (i); takes in hand grandiose refoundation of both institutions from 1443, (i); abortive efforts of the council to oversee and restrain his gifts (c. 1444), (i); his demolitions and rebuildings at Eton (1443–1449), (i); his instructions for the survival of the Eton minster, (i); pursues conflicting policies over his French possessions, (i), (ii); approves tripartite peace conference at Gravelines (1439), (i); makes Cardinal Beaufort his plenipotentiary, (i); but disavows Beaufort’s negotiated terms, (i); decides to release the duke of Orleans to work for peace, (i), (ii); the royal council in Normandy expresses lack of confidence in his rule, (i); difficulties in finding an alternative lieutenant for France and Normandy (1437–40), (i); his reluctance to employ Richard, duke of York, (i); defends his French policies against Gloucester’s attack on them, (i); proposes to marry a daughter of the count of Armagnac (1442), (i); plans a renewed conquest of France under John Beaufort, duke of Somerset (1443), to detriment of York’s position in Normandy and neglect of Gascony, (i); responds favourably to new peace initiative from his French uncle Charles VII, (i); prepared to barter his claim to the French throne, (i), (ii); accepts an Angevin marriage in return for a 21-month truce and undertakes to make a unilateral surrender of Maine to Charles VII (1444–5), I accepts the allegiance of Gilles of Brittany but loses the allegiance of his brother, the duke, (i); conveyance of his queen to England and their marriage (1445), (i); allows run-down of English forces in Normandy to begin, (i); his personal letters to Charles VII concerning the surrender of Maine, (i); the great French embassy to London (July 1445), (i); he undertakes to meet his uncle Charles VII in France, (i); successive extensions of truce made conditional on his delivery of Maine and his personal meeting with Charles VII in France, (i); obstacles to fulfilling these conditions and resistance of his subjects to surrender of Maine, (i); appoints Edmund Beaufort, earl of Somerset, not York, as his lieutenant for France and Normandy, (i); secures surrender of Maine (16 May 1448) in face of Charles VII’s investment of Le Mans, together with extension of truce to 1 April 1450, (i); revives claim to the duke of Brittany’s allegiance (1448), (i); regards Charles VII’s arrest of Gilles of Brittany as a breach of the truce, (i); insists on the Breton allegiance, (i); pleads with Charles VII for the release of Gilles, (i); sanctions de Surienne’s attack on Fougères, (i); asserts his claim to French crown no longer negotiable, (i); loses Normandy, (i); insists on supporting and promoting the disgraced Somerset, (i); expands, enhances the dignity and increases the grading of the peerage, (i); creates new parliamentary boroughs, (i); standing of his government reflected by low number of household members elected to parliament (1449), (i); neglects the navy and licenses piracy, (i); refuses to resume his grants at parliament’s demand (1449), (i); and the impeachment and death of Suffolk (1450), (i); allows a partial resumption of his grants at Leicester parliament (1450), (i); and Cade’s rebellion, (i); and Richard, duke of York, (i), (ii); his first judicial progress [January-February 1451), (i); accepts a parliamentary resumption of his grants (1451), (i); his further judicial perambulations (June-August 1451), (i); his abortive efforts to strengthen Gascony, (i); switches forces to defence of Calais, (i); misinterprets York’s action in the Courtenay-Bonville clash (1451), (i); and York’s Dartford rebellion, (i); issues a general pardon, (i); his intention to lead an army to France in person, (i); his western judicial and punitive perambulation (June–September 1452), (i); his perambulation through six more shires (October–November 1452), (i); holds an investiture at Greenwich, (i); perambulates through Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk (February-March 1453), (i); and the recovery of Gascony, (i); meets and thanks a generous parliament (1453), (i); the possibility again raised that he might lead an invasion of France, (i); intends a judicial perambulation to the North, (i); his attention diverted to Wales, (i); receives news of Talbot’s disaster at Castillon, (i); his madness and its political consequences (August 1453-January 1455), (i); his resumption of power, (i), (ii); and the first battle of St Albans, (i); relinquishes the oversight of his two foundations for the rest of his life, (i)n, (ii); his renewed incapacity and control by York at the parliament of 1455–6, (i); his mental health henceforth precarious and his exercise of power intermittent, (i)ff; dismissess York from his Protectorate, (i); moves with the queen and court to the Midlands (August 1456), (i); consequent disintegration of government and financial expedients for the maintenance of the household there, (i); fails to heal divisions and restore normal political life, (i); taken on the Ludford campaign (September- October 1459), (i); at the battle of Northampton, (i); under control of the confederate earls (July 1460- February 1461), (i); disinherits his heir in favour of York and his heirs and accepts York as regent of the kingdom, (i); at the second battle of St Albans, (i); withdraws northwards with the queen’s forces, (i); his deposition, (i); flees to Scotland after Towton, (i); no evidence of any personal effort to recover his kingdom, (i); his wanderings in Scotland and northern England (1461–5)., (i); captured in Ribblesdale (July 1465), (i); in captivity in the Tower (24 July 1465–3 October 1470), (i); his readeption and its causes, (i); his meeting with Edward IV on Maundy Thursday, 1471, (i); taken to Barnet and returned to the Tower on Easter Sunday, (i); his murder (21–22 May 1471) and burial, (i); his remains removed by Richard III from Chertsey to Windsor, (i); the cult promoted and posthumous miracles recorded by the canons of Windsor, (i); efforts to secure his canonization and the problem of a ‘glorious life’, (i); Henry VII begins to build his own mortuary chapel at Windsor ready for an official translation of the relics, (i); controversy between Chertsey, Windsor and Westminster for the custody of the relics decided by the council in favour of Westminster, (i); Henry VII begins to build his Lady Chapel at Westminster (January 1503) and papal permission for removal of the relics there obtained, but the process of canonization never completed, (i)
Character and Personality:
myth of his sanctity and blamelessness, (i); appearance, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); dress, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); portraits of, (i); satisfactory development noted in 1428, (i); precocity in 1432, (i), (ii); fluency in French, (i), (ii); physical stamina, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); love of ceremony, (i); splendour of his court, (i), (ii); favourite residences, (i), (ii); ostentatious piety, (i), (ii), (iii); stubborn loyalty to adherents, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); unforgiving nature, (i), (ii), (iii); failure to lead his armies, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); his dispensation of patronage, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); generating faction, (i), (ii), (iii); his wishes could not be opposed, (i); vacillation and lack of political acumen, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); conflicting policies over his French possessions, i46ff.; failure to enforce justice, (i), (ii), (iii); credulity and vindictiveness, (i), (ii); disregard of expense and changes of mind revealed in the history of his foundations, (i); accused of his uncle’s murder in 1447, (i); inept diplomacy, (i); more Valois than Lancastrian, (i); allegations of simplemindedness and unfitness to rule before the onset of his madness, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); his withdrawals to the Lancaster estates in face of difficulties, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); alleged attempts to depose him, (i), (ii) (1450), (iii) (1452); bent for studying old writings, (i); books possessed, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); contrasting behaviour in Coventry in 1451 and 1457, (i); his depressive stupor (1453–5), (i), (ii); pre
carious mental health from 1456, (i); inordinate amounts of sleep required from 1455, (i); spends much time in religious houses from 1456, (i); his enmity for Burgundy, (i); refusal to abdicate (c. 1458), (i); see also Capgrave, John; Tractatus … ad Henricum Sex turn; Wheathampstead, abbot John; Hardyng, John; Crowland chronicler; Rous, John; Blacman tract; Nicholas V; Pius II; Nevill, George; Nevill, Richard; Hall, Edward; Vergil, Polydore Henry VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) passim
Henry VIII, (i), (ii)
Henstridge, (i)
Heralds, (i), (ii), (iii); Anjou, (i); Berry, (i), (ii); Bon Désir, (i); Buckingham, (i); Garter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), see also Smert, John; Lancaster, (i); Lesparre, (i); Longueville, (i); Maine, (i); Malo, (i); Mortain, (i); Mowbray, (i), (ii), (iii); Touraine, (i)
Herbert, Thomas, (i)
Herbert, Thomas, senior and junior, (i)
Herbert, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); earl of Pembroke, (i), (ii)
Hereford, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); bishop of, see Boulers, Reginald; Stanbury, John
Hertford, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Hertfordshire, (i)
Hesdin, (i)
Heworth, (i), (ii)
Hexham, battle of (i)
Hextal, William, (i)
Heydon, John, (i)
Higham Ferrers, (i)
High Wycombe, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Hilborough, (i), (ii)
Hillingdon, (i), (ii)
Hindon, (i)
Hitchin, (i)
Holand, John, earl, of Huntingdon, duke of Exeter, (i), (ii), (iii)n, (iv)n, (v), (vi), (vii)n; lieutenantgeneral in Gascony, (i), (ii)
Holand, Henry, duke of Exeter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)n, (xv), (xvi), (xvii); wife of, Anne, sister of Edward IV, (i)
Hollinshed, Ralph, (i)
Holton, John, (i)
Holy Island, (i)
Holybourne, (i)
Home, John, (i)
Honfleur, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Honiton, (i), (ii)
Hoo, Thomas, chancellor of Normandy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n, (vii)
Hooker, John, (i)
Hopton, Walter, (i)n