The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust

by Gilbert, Martin

  Australia: a rescuer emigrates to

  Austria: Jews leave, I; acts of rescue in; a factory owner from, helps Jews in Poland; refugees from, find eventual sanctuary in France; refugees from, find sanctuary in Italy; a deportation on foot towards, from Budapest; deportations by train to, from Budapest

  Auvergne (France): villagers in, shelter Jews

  Avelin, Father: shelters Jews

  Avenue of the Righteous (Yad Vashem, Jerusalem):

  Avenue Louise (Brussels): a ‘miracle’ at

  Avignon (France): a Jewish couple in hiding in

  Avon (France): a rescuer in

  Avondet family (Italy): give refuge to a Jewish family

  Azzanello di Pasiano (Italy): rescue in

  BBC, the: and the morale of those in hiding; and news of Allied military successes; and ‘news reports’ broadcasts a French bishop’s protest

  Baarle-Nassau (Holland): an escape route through

  Baarn (Holland): the search for a safe haven in

  Babi Yar (Kiev): Jewish revolt at

  Babich, Maria: saves a Jewish boy

  Babilinska, Gertruda: saves a four-year-old boy; Photo

  Babrungas (Lithuania): six Jews hidden in

  Babylonian Talmud: cited, xxi

  Badetti, Mother Superior Virginie: shelters Jews

  Baer, Lore: recalls her years in hiding

  Baja (Hungary): and the release of seven Jewish captives at

  Bak, Samuel: in hiding

  Baker, Mr (a German): his Righteous acts

  Bakhman, Israel: hidden

  Bal, Henri and Gabrielle: provide a safe haven; help Jews in hiding

  Baldowska, Wanda: saves a Jewish girl

  Balicka-Kozlowska, Helena: helps Jews

  Balicki, Zygmunt and Jadwiga: help Jews

  Balonowe Street (Lvov): betrayal in

  Baltic States: guards from, xix; overrun by Germany

  Balul, Antoni: saves four Jews

  Balul, Wiktoria: helps save two Jews

  baptism: and rescue

  Baptists: save Jews, xvi

  Baran, Jozef and Eleonora: rescuers

  Baran, Julian: saves a Jewish couple

  Baranowska, Jozefa: takes in a Jewish child

  Baranszky, Tibor: helps Jews on a Death March

  Barbie, Klaus: searches for Jewish children, for deportation

  Barczenko (a Ukrainian guard): a ‘decent Gentile’

  Bargen, Herr von: reports to Berlin on

  Belgian rescuers

  Baron Hirsch Camp (Salonika): and an act of rescue

  Bartel, Professor: supports Jews

  Bartolomae, Christian: recalls a Righteous fellow-German

  Bartosik, Canon Wojciech: gives shelter

  Bartoszewicz, Jan and Zofia: help a Jewish poet

  Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw: records Righteous acts; a member of the Council for Assistance to the Jews (Zegota); recounts a story of rescue in Warsaw; Photo

  Barudija-Horvatic, Bosilijka: saves a Jewish child

  Barys, Kazimierz and Franciszek: shelter five Jews

  Bascons (France): a rescuer in

  Basevi, Giuliana and Emma de Angelis: given refuge

  Bastia (Corsica): and an assumed identity

  Bat Aharon, Lili: records the story of a rescuer

  Batja and Ester (Jewish sisters): given refuge; ‘every step was with love’

  Battel, First Lieutenant Albert: helps Jews

  Batya (Pharaoh’s daughter): ‘daughter of God’, xvi

  Baublis, Dr Petras: saves Jewish children

  Bauer, Professor Yehuda: recounts a story of rescue; and a Jewish rescuer

  Baum, Karola: and a Righteous German

  Baumstick, Etka: recalls a decent guard

  Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands: speaks of the ‘exceptional ones’ (the rescuers)

  Beccari, don Arrigo: an Italian rescuer

  Beck, Aleksandra: helps her parents in an act of rescue

  Beck, Valenti and Julia: save eighteen Jews

  Beckerle, Adolf Heinz: critical of Bulgaria for saving Jews

  Bedzin (Poland): a German rescuer in

  Bedane, Albert: a British rescuer

  Beelen, Jan and Wilhelmina: Dutch rescuers

  Beelen, Rie and Grada: befriend a Jewish girl in hiding

  Beerman, Marius (‘Bob’): a Dutch rescuer

  Begell, William: recalls a German’s warning

  Beimer family: hide a Jewish woman, in Holland

  Beitler, Lorraine: recounts the rescue of Captain Dreyfus’s widow

  Bejski, Moshe: saved, xv; recalls Schindler’s rescue efforts; and ‘last respects to the dead’, 227 and the ‘Golleschau Jews’

  Belgian SS Division:

  Belgium: round-ups in; and the German invasion; acts of rescue in; Dutch Jews smuggled through; dislike of German occupation in

  Belgium Street (Prague): help for a Jewish orphanage on

  Belkov, Kira and Dmitry: shelter two Jews

  Bellaria (Italy): Jews hidden in

  Bellegem, Sisters of (Belgium): give refuge

  Belsen concentration camp: a survivor of; a mother liberated in; Kosovo Jews sent to; a Dutch rescuer dies in; a Jew in hiding, arrested and sent to

  Belzec: a death camp; deportations to; a memorial at, and the murder of Poles ‘who tried to save Jews’ gassing at, witnessed

  Belzer Rebbe (Aaron Rokeach): given protective documents in Budapest; the fate of his family

  Ben (a seminarian): helps a Jew in hiding

  Benedetti, Sister Emilia: shelters Jews

  Benedictine Abbey (Liège, Belgium): shelters Jews

  Benedictine Abbey (Nonantola, Italy): Jewish children hidden in

  Benedictine Convent (Vilna): five Jews saved in

  Benedictines: save Jews, xvi

  Beneschek, Otto: an anti-Nazi

  Bengel, Robert: provides false papers

  Benoit, Father (Father Benedetti): saves many Jews

  Berat (Albania): Jews taken to, for safety

  Bereczky, Pastor Albert: helps Jews, in Budapest

  Berger, Joseph: reports on the commemoration of a rescuer

  Bergl, Zdenko: finds refuge in Italy

  Bergman, Karol and Roza: saved, with Roza’s mother

  Bergmann, Wilhelm: an act of kindness by

  Berkowitz, Celina: saved; in a Polish orphanage, Photo

  Berlin: a Righteous diplomat in; a Righteous aristocrat in; ‘very bad news’ reaches; a Jewish pharmacist from, hidden in Pomerania; a journey to, bringing help to Jews; a protest in; a deportation from; a Righteous pacifist in; a rescue scheme devised in; food parcels from, and a German’s generosity; a German’s mission of protest to; protests to, about Italian help for Jews; a protest to, about Swiss diplomats helping Jews in Budapest

  Bernarda, Sister: gives refuge

  Bernovits, Vilma: a rescuer, executed

  Bertrand family (Belgium): shelters Jews

  Besekow, Sam: rescued, with his parents

  Besinne-Arbe (Belgium): a Jew hidden in

  Bessarabia: Jews from, find refuge

  Bialka (Poland): Poles executed in, for helping Jews

  Bialkowski, Boleslaw and Zofia: hide Jews

  Bialostocha, Walentyna: gives shelter; dies in a concentration camp

  Bialowarczuk, Lucyna and Waclaw: save a Jewish child

  Bialy, Kazimierz and Janina: hide Jews

  Bialystok (Poland): an act of rescue in; further help in; Jews sent from, for safety; Council for Assistance to the Jews in; Jews helped to reach; Germans in, help Jews

  Bible, the: and Jews in hiding; a teacher of, saves a Jew; and an escape from a Death March; and ‘the spirit and idea of man’

  Biczyk, Jozef and Helena: shelter two Jewish girls; Photo

  Biderman, Sara: saved

  Bielany (near Warsaw): and a spurious baptism

  Bielski brothers (Jewish partisans): Jews join

  Bieser, Walter: in hiding

  Biezanow (
Poland): and an act of rescue

  ‘Big Ghetto’ (also ‘Sealed Ghetto’): established in Budapest; five hundred children released from; Wallenberg helps avert massacre in; liberated; survivors in

  Bijeljina (Yugoslavia): rescue in

  Bilecki family (Lewko, Genko, Roman, Julian, Jaroslawa and Anna): help save Jews

  Bilthoven (Holland): three rescuers in

  Bingham, Hiram: helps Jews

  Birger, Zev: recalls an act of kindness in a slave labour camp

  Birkenau: see Auschwitz Birnbaum, Charlotte: she and her family given refuge

  Birnbaum, Gertrud: hidden

  Birnbaum, Lazar and Frida: hand over their baby for safety

  Birnbaum, Marguerite-Rose: in hiding; with the son of her rescuers, Photo

  Bischof, Franz (a Swiss citizen): hides Jews in Budapest; Photo

  Bixhiu, Nadire: finds places of refuge for eighty Jews

  Blau, Leslie: describes a gesture of sympathy in Hungary; describes an act of rescue in Hungary

  Blessed Are the Meek (Zofia Kossak):

  Bloch, Gerda and Doris: given sanctuary

  ‘Blokland, Dorothea’: an assumed identity

  Bludenz (Austria): a Jew accompanied to

  Blum, Gilbert: saved

  Bobolice (Poland): rescue in

  Bobowa (Poland): a young Jewish boy from, finds refuge

  Bobrovski family: help Jews

  Bochina (Poland): Council for Assistance to the Jews in; a Jewish family hidden near; a factory in, gives shelter to Jews

  Bodart family (Belgium): shelters Jews

  Boden, Arnold: helps a Jewish girl

  Bodson, Victor: his acts of rescue

  Boegner, Pastor Marc: issues clear instructions for rescue

  Bogaard, Johannes: a rescuer; with two Jewish girls, Photo

  Bogaard, Willem: saves twenty children; with two Jewish girls, Photo

  Bogarde, Dirk: plays a Righteous British sergeant

  Bogomolnaya, Rivka Lozanska: in hiding

  Boguty Milczi (Poland): Jews hidden in

  Bohemia (Czechoslovakia): three Jews given shelter in

  Bohemian Brothers: a preacher in the church of

  Bohic, Pauline: a rescuer

  Bohny, August: shelters Jews

  Bohr, Niels: saved; his biographer, rescued in Holland

  Boinski (a farmer): helps Jews

  Bole (a German): his Jewish wife helped; in an anti-Nazi cell

  Bolzano (Italy): a deportation from

  Bonhomme, Juliette: hides a Jewish mother and her three sons

  Bonyhad (Hungary): a gesture of sympathy in; help during a Death March through

  Boom (Belgium): rescuers in

  ‘Borek’: an assumed surname

  Boris, King (of Bulgaria): church men protest to; the effect of public protests on

  Borki (Poland): a Polish priest helps a survivor of revolt at

  Bormann, Martin: ordered to make an arrest

  Born, Friedrich (a Swiss citizen): his rescue efforts in Budapest; Photo

  Bornstein, Hassia: helped by a German

  Borowczyk (a shoemaker): helps a Jew

  ‘Borowska’: a name in hiding

  Boryslaw (Eastern Galicia): rescuers and rescued in

  Borzykowski, Chana and Benjamin: deported

  Borzykowski, Jacky: in hiding; with his parents before going into hiding, Photo

  Borzykowski, Tuvia: and some of the ‘finest personalities of the Polish people’ given shelter

  Bosko, Oswald: a Viennese, helps Jews in Cracow; executed

  Bosnia: Jews saved in, xvi

  Bouge (Belgium): Jewish families in hiding in

  Boyarskyi, Brother: helps a Jew

  Braham, Randolph: reflects on Hungarian rescue efforts

  Braine-l’Alleud (Belgium): a Jewish girl in hiding in

  Brann, Henry Walter: recalls a ‘valiant churchman’

  Branquino, Carlos de Liz-Texeira: his rescue efforts in Budapest

  Bratislava (Slovakia): Righteous acts in

  Braun, Felicia: given sanctuary

  Brauns, Jack: recounts an act of kindness in Dachau

  Brauns, Dr Moses: and an act of kindness in Dachau

  Bredoux, Sister Marie-Gonzague: provides Sabbath candles

  Breendonk (Belgium): an execution at

  Brejna family: rescuers

  Brenner, Aron: saved

  Brenner, Mosze and Rozalia: saved

  Breslau (Germany): a refugee from, found sanctuary in Italy

  Brest-Litovsk (eastern Poland): rescue in; Council for Assistance to the Jews in

  Brichta, Frantisek (Frank Bright): recalls a Righteous act

  Briedys, Janis: rescues Jews

  Briër, Frans and Maria: Dutch rescuers

  Brik, Aaron (Aharon Barak): saved

  Brillenburg-Wurth, Dr: a Dutch rescuer

  Britain: takes in Jewish refugees; ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in; Jews reach, after the war; a Dutch rescuer emigrates to; issues Palestine certificates for Jews in Budapest; ten soldier-rescuers from

  British Army: liberates

  Brittany (France): a place of refuge in

  Brive (France): Jews smuggled from

  Brno (Czechoslovakia): Oskar Schindler’s mission of mercy to

  Brody (Eastern Galicia): rescue in, 35, 58-59 Italian soldiers in, help Jews

  Bron family: and a Jew seeking sanctuary

  Bronchart, Léon: refuses to drive deportation train

  Bronna Gora (eastern Poland): massacre at

  Brousse, Madame (Jeannette Maurier): helps Jews escape to Switzerland; reflects on her motivation

  Bruess, Johannes: a German rescuer

  Bruges (Belgium): Jews in hiding in

  Bruining, Dr Nicolette (‘Tante Co’): a Dutch rescuer

  Bruinvelds, Ezechiel and Anna: murdered at Sobibor

  Brunnlitz (Sudetenland): Oskar Schindler’s factory in

  Bruno (a Byelorussian): ‘not one of the nicer people’

  Brussels (Belgium): refugees from, find sanctuary in France; help to Jews in; a rescuer in, honoured after liberation; Dutch Jews smuggled through

  Brygier, Lucy: in hiding, Photo

  Brygier, Sarah: in hiding, Photo

  Brzezany (Eastern Galicia): Jews from, find a safe haven

  Brzuchowice (Eastern Galicia): and a Jewish boy in hiding

  Bucharest (Romania): a protest to

  Buchenwald concentration camp: the husband of a Righteous German dies in; Jews deported to; a Dutch rescuer imprisoned in

  Buchter, Marie: hides Jews, in Holland

  Buchter, Tina (Dr Tina Strobos): hides Jews, in Holland; with one of those in hiding, Photo

  Budapest (Hungary): a boy and his parents in hiding in; Eichmann and his SS Commando reach; Eichmann turns his attention to; acts of rescue in; a ‘gentile woman’ from, helps Jewish fellow prisoners in Auschwitz; motivation of a rescuer in

  Budishevskaya, Floriya: saves a Jewish boy

  Budnowska, Sister Tekla: hides Jewish girls

  Budrikene, Lusia: a rescuer

  Budzanow (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish family saved in

  Bug River: flight towards, after betrayal; a Pole helps Jewish escapees at

  Buggenhout, Clementine and Edouard Frans: Belgian rescuers

  Buggenhout (Belgium): a Jewish child in hiding in

  Bukovina: Jews from, find refuge; Jews of, find a champion

  Bukovinsky (a priest): encourages an act of rescue

  Bulgaria: Jews of, saved from deportation

  Bulgarian Orthodox Churh: takes a lead

  Buna-Monowitz (East Upper Silesia): a courageous British sergeant at

  Bund, the (Jewish Social Democratic Workers Party): and ‘Aryan’ Warsaw; a leader of, in hiding

  Bunel, Lucien-Louis (Père Jacques of Jesus): see Père Jacques

  Burdzynski (a Pole): helps Jews

  Burlingis, Pawel and Wiktoria: save a Jewish baby girl

  Burzec (Po
land): betrayal at

  Busold, Stanislawa: saves a new-born Jewish child

  Busse, Otto: helps Jews, 211-12 reflects on his ‘Christian conscience’

  Bussum (Holland): two Jewish couples given refuge in

  Butrin, Adam: hides Jews

  Buzhminsky, Yosef: witnesses the execution of rescuers

  Byelorussia: acts of rescue in

  Byelorussians: help Jews; help Germans

  Cabaj, Jan: saves a Jewish girl

  Cabaj, Stanislawa: shelters two Jewish girls

  California (USA): a Righteous German settles in

  Calmeyer, Hans-Georg: helps Jews

  ‘Calmeyer’s List’: Jews on, saved from deportation

  Calvinists: save Jews

  ‘Camp of the Ants’: Jewish children find refuge at

  Canada: ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition in; survivors in

  Canadian soldiers: liberators

  Canale d’Alba (Italy): Jews in hiding in

  Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: helps Jews leave Germany

  Capuchin Banneux Homes (Belgium): shelter Jews

  Capuchin Convent (Rome): help for Jews in

  Carcassonne (France): a rescuer in

  Carl Fredriksen Transport Organization: helps Jews escape

  Carmelites: and the rescue of Jews

  Carpathian Mountains: a worker from, helps a Jew

  Cassulo, Archbishop Andrea: appeals, in vain

  Castle Hill (Budapest): and a Righteous pastor

  Castle, John: his book about a Righteous British soldier

  Catholic Front for the Reborn Poland: its head, leads rescue efforts

  Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights (USA): and a wartime papal injunction

  Catholic University of Lublin: a Polish rescuer at

  Cavilio, Josef: sheltered, with his family

  Celiny (Poland): a rescuer in

  Centnerszwer, Professor Mieczyslaw: sheltered, denounced, executed

  Ceresole d’Alba (Italy): a safe haven

  Chameides, Leon: in hiding; seeks recognition for a rescuer

  Chameides, Zwi (later Zwi Barnea): in hiding

  Chamonix (France): Jewish children saved in

  Champagnat Institute of the Order of St Mary (Budapest): rescue efforts by

  Champagne, Carlos and Celeste: provide refuge

  Channel Islands: an act of rescue in