The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust

by Gilbert, Martin

  Charaszkiewicz, Maria: saves her Jewish dentist; further Righteous acts by

  Charaszkiewicz, Mr: and a Jewess in hiding

  Charité (Budapest): nuns of, hide eleven Jews

  Château de la Guette (near Paris): Jewish children hidden in

  Château de la Hille (France): Jews find refuge at

  Château Lafayette (France): Jews find refuge at

  Chavagnes-en-Paillers (France): Jewish children given sanctuary in

  Chavagniac (France): Jewish children given refuge in

  Chazan, Arje: given refuge, with his wife and children

  Chelm (Poland): two Jewesses from, hidden in Warsaw

  Chemnitz (Germany): a German doctor’s act of rescue near

  Chicago: a rescuer settles in

  Chiesa family: help a Jewish family in Italy

  Chigier, Jerzy: saved, with his wife and children

  Children of the Holocaust organization (Warsaw):

  Chmielnik (Poland): two Jewish children from, rescued; and a false identity card

  chocolate: and a successful rescue stratagem

  Chodnikewicz, Maryla: helps two Jewish girls at Auschwitz

  Cholopiny (Poland): Jews sheltered in

  Choms, Wladyslawa: the ‘Angel of Lvov’

  Chopin: his music, and a Jew in hiding

  Chotiner, Zygmunt: saved

  Christian Committee to Save Jews (Assisi, Italy):

  Christian X, King (of Denmark): objects to German plans

  Christianity: Jews converted to, xx

  Christmas, Mr: saves Jewish boys

  Christmas Eve: gifts on; a festive dinner on

  Chumatkowski family: give refuge

  Church of Scotland Mission (Budapest): a British subject at, deported to Auschwitz

  Church Slavonic alphabet: and two Jewish boys in hiding

  Churchill, Winston S.: denounces ‘mass deportation’ from France

  Ciney (Belgium): Jews hidden in

  circumcision: and rescue

  Città di Castello (Italy): rescue in

  Citterich, Lina and Vittoria: save a Jewish girl

  Ciuccoli family: help an Italian Jewish family

  Claims Conference (New York): gives financial support to rescuers

  Clermont-Ferrand (France): Jewish girls sheltered in

  Clobert, Jules: finds a safe haven for a Jew

  Codogni, Karol: ‘humaneness’ of

  Codogni, Stanislaw: helps Jews in hiding

  Cohen, Jacques, Alfred and Elia: a Greek princess facilitates their escape

  Cohen, Rachel: given refuge with her son and daughter

  collaboration: xix–xx

  College of Cévenol (France): Jews rescued in

  Collm, Ludwig: in hiding

  Collognes (France): sanctuary in

  Comba, Mario and Alfredo: help hide Jews

  Comité de Défense des Juifs (CDJ): in Belgium

  Commandeur, Thames: a rescuer, in Holland

  Communism: fall of, xviii Convent of the Good Shepherd (Budapest): hides Jewish girls

  Convent of Sacré Coeur (Budapest): hides Jewish women and children

  Convent of the Sacred Heart (Città di Castello, Italy): a Jewish family in hiding in

  Convent of the Sacred Heart (Przemysl, Poland): Jewish children given refuge in

  Convent of Stigmatique Nuns (Assisi, Italy): hide Jews

  Cooper, Grazyna: and her mother’s rescue

  Copenhagen (Denmark): a German warning in; a failed deportation mission to; public indignation in

  Corfu (Greece): a boat from

  Cornement-Louveigné (Belgium): Jews given shelter in

  Corsica: a woman from, and rescue documents

  Côte d’Azur (France): Germans distressed by Italian protection of Jews in

  Count of Monte Cristo (Dumas): and ‘moments of light’

  Courtrai (Belgium): Jews in hiding in

  Covens family: Dutch rescuers

  Coward, Sergeant Charles: saves Jews at the Buna-Monowitz slave labour camp

  Cracow: a recollection from, xviii; a protest from; General-Government ruled from; Council for Assistance to the Jews in; blackmail in; acts of rescue in; Jews helped to reach

  Cracow Conservatory of Music: a graduate of, rescued

  Croatia: collaboration in, xix; murder and rescue in; a Jewish boy from, finds refuge in Italy

  Crysostomos, Archbishop: sends Jews to safety

  Csizmadia, Malvina: helps Jewish forced labourers; Photo

  Cukierman, Doba-Necha: saved, with her family

  Cuorgné (Italy): refugees in hiding in, smuggled to Switzerland

  Czarne na Bialem (‘Black on White’): a newspaper that supported Jews

  Czarny Dunajec (Poland): a Pole executed in, for helping Jews

  Czechoslovakia: help for Jews in; refugees from, given sanctuary first in Norway, then Sweden; parts of, annexed by Hungary

  Czekala, SS Sergeant: ‘a very good sort’

  Czeret, Arieh: finds refuge

  Czerniejew (Poland): a peasant rescuer in

  Czernowitz (Romania): the Mayor of, intercedes on behalf of Jews

  Czestochowa (Poland): help for Jews in; acts of kindness in

  Czortkow (Eastern Galicia): a journey to

  Czystylow labour camp (Eastern Galicia): and the rescue of a Jewish child

  Dabrowa (Poland): a young child in hiding in

  Dabrowica (Poland): a Jew from, rebuffed

  Dachau concentration camp (near Munich): a rescuer sent to; a Righteous pastor sent to; a priest dies on the way to; a French Bishop imprisoned in; a survivor of; a rescuer and resister dies in; a Dutch rescuer sent to; an Italian rescuer perishes in; an act of kindness in

  Daley, Robert: told of French rescue efforts

  Damaskinos, Archbishop: orders Jews to be hidden

  Dambrauskas, Father: saves Jews

  Danieli, Dan (Denes Faludi): saved, with his family

  Danielsson, Carl Ivar (Swedish diplomat): helps Jews in Budapest

  Danilowicz, Teresa: shelters two Jews

  Danish-Swedish Refugee Service: helps Danish Jews escape

  Dankiewicz (a Pole): hides a Jewish woman in a stove

  Dante’s Inferno: a scene from

  Danube River: executions on banks of

  Danzig (Free City of): British prisoners of war working near, save a Jewish girl

  Darcissac, Roger: a rescuer

  Darmstadt (Germany): a ‘Jew-lover’ forced to leave

  Daughters of Charity (Asse): and a final act of rescue

  Dauman, Joseph: rescued, with twelve members of his family

  David, Nicole (formerly Nicole Schneider): the saga of her rescue

  Dawidowicz, Lisa: rescued, with her family

  Day of Atonement: an act of rescue on

  De Bisshop, Father Luc: hides two Jewish boys

  De Breuker, Father Anton: shelters a Jewish girl

  De Graaf family: Dutch rescuers

  De Jong, Louis: records Dutch ‘indignation’ records a ‘yellow star’ protest

  De la Croix, Sister Marthe: a rescuer

  De Vries, Helena: rescued with her children

  De Vries, Dr Maurits: ‘relatively few…were saved’, xix; his own rescuers recalled

  Death Marches: from Budapest; in the final months of the war

  Debar (Albanian-occupied Yugoslavia): Jews saved in

  Debica (Poland): a Jewish woman from, rescued

  Deblin (Poland): and two ‘decent’ Germans in a slave labour camp

  Della Costa, Cardinal Elia: helps Jews

  ‘Diener’: an assumed name

  Denmark: rescue of Jews of

  Department of the Righteous (at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem):; the head of, once an escapee

  Derer, Pastor Julius: saves Jewish children

  Derksen, Carl-Johann and Helene: rescuers, in Holland

  Desirée, Father de Wolf: a Belgian rescuer

  Deutschkron, Inge: in hiding


  Dhont, Willie: a Dutch rescuer

  Di Marco, Mario: helps Jews in Rome

  Diamond, Dr Salim: ‘I never found racism in the Italians’

  Diamond, Margit: recalls a brave man

  Diamond Workers Union (Holland): its founder, in hiding

  Dimitrov, Rubin: hides twenty Jews

  Dincq, Marie-Josephe: a Belgian rescuer

  Dincq, Mark: with a Jewish girl hidden by his parents, Photo

  Dincq, Pierre: a rescuer, and a resister

  Diosgyor (Hungary): a miracle in

  Dniester river: and village rescuers; and a Jew in hiding

  Dobraczynski, Jan: helps children’s section of Council for Assistance to the Jews

  Dobrowolski, Stanislaw: helps Jews in hiding

  Dociszki (Poland): Jews sheltered in

  Dohany Street Synagogue (Budapest): and the name of a Righteous priest

  Dohnanyi, Hans von: helps a Righteous German pastor; saves fourteen Jews

  Dominican Convent (Lubbeek, Belgium): hides six Jewish girls

  Don Vincenti, Father Federico (‘Father Guardian’): hides Jews

  Donadille, Pastor Marc: helps Jews; his two children, with a Jewish girl in hiding, Photo

  Donat, William: and his rescuers

  Dora-Mittelbau slave labour camp: French rescuers deported to; a Dutch rescuer imprisoned in

  Dossin detention camp (German-occupied Belgium): some Jews rescued from; deportation from

  Douvaine (France): a rescuer at

  Douwes, Albert: finds hiding places for Jewish children

  Diamonds in the Snow (film):

  Drancy (Paris): a deportation to, thwarted; food and clothing taken to; children smuggled out of; internment at; betrayed children deported from; a couple sent back from Switzerland, deported from

  Dresden (Germany): a Jewish refugee from, hidden in Holland; three escapees from a Death March near, given refuge

  Dreyfus, Professor Amos: recalls his rescuers

  Dreyfus, Inès (Inès Vromen): her rescuers

  Dreyfus, Lucie: given refuge

  Dreyfus, Madeleine: finds refuge, with her three sons; escapes a round-up

  Drohobycz (Eastern Galicia): rescuers in

  Dryzin, Isaak: rescued, with his brother

  Drzwiecka, Aleksandra: takes two Jewish children

  Dubois, Maurice and Eléonore: help shelter Jewish children

  Duckwitz, Georg Ferdinand: alerts Danish Jews; Photo

  Dufour, Remond: a Dutch rescuer; with his own son and the Jewish boy in hiding, Photo

  Dukla (Poland): and a compassionate German truck driver

  Dullin (France): rescuers in

  Dumas, Alexandre: provides ‘moments of light’

  Dunin-Wasowicz, Krzysztof: helps a fellow ‘human being’

  Dupnitza (Bulgaria): and a churchman’s protest

  Durant, Bile: a Belgian rescuer

  Dutch Brigade: in action (1944–45)

  Dutch Communist Party: calls a general strike

  Dutch Synagogue (Brussels): a rescuer honoured in, after liberation

  ‘Duteil, Madame’: an assumed identity

  Duysenx, Paul: hides a Jewish boy

  Dvach, Anna: saves Jews

  Dvinsk (Latvia): an act of rescue in

  Dvorkina, Ludmila: saved, with her mother

  Dworzecki, Dr Mark: saved

  Dyrda, Maria: saves a five-year-old Jewish girl

  Dzienciolska, Bella: saved

  East Prussia: a Jewish child hidden on an estate in

  Eastern Galicia (Poland): rescue in

  Edelman, Ben: saved by a German farmer

  Edgar, Boy and Mia: save a Jewish girl

  Edwards, Alan: helps save a Jewish girl

  Eger (Czechoslovakia): an act of rescue in

  Ehrenzweig, Rosa: rescued

  Eibergen (Holland): a hiding place near

  Eichmann, Adolf: protests to a German pastor; his office in Berlin; lists Jews for deportation; his deputy thwarted, in Denmark; warned of ‘harmony’ between Italian troops and Jews; learns that Italian troops have ‘used force’ to free Jews; reaches Hungary; turns his attention to Budapest; leaves Budapest; returns to Budapest; begins deportations by foot, towards Austria; helped by Arrow Cross; leaves Budapest

  Eichmann Trial (Jerusalem): evidence at; the prosecutor at, thanks Norwegian Resistance’s rescue efforts

  Einsatzgruppen (SS killing squads):

  Einstein, Albert: his biographer’s rescuer

  Eisenberg, Roma: submits testimony about her rescuer

  Eisenstadt, Felix: saved

  Ejszyszki (Poland): Jews escape from

  Elbasan (Albania): Jews sheltered in

  Elena, Queen Mother of Romania: helps Jews

  Elens, Armand: a Belgian rescuer

  elephants: and an act of rescue

  Eliach, Yaffa: recalls her family’s rescue; and a Catholic couple’s act of rescue

  Elias, Benjamin: his non-Jewish wife’s efforts on behalf of

  Elisabeth, Queen Mother of Belgium: intercedes

  Eliza (a Polish woman): helps Jews in hiding

  Elzbieta (a new-born Jewish child): saved

  Emalia Factory (Cracow): an infirmary at

  Enciel, Raymond: in hiding, victim of an SS reprisal

  Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust: entries in, about rescuers

  Enschede (Holland): a rescue organization in

  Epe (Holland): two Jewish girls given sanctuary in

  Eppel, David: reports on an SS search; reflects on the motives of his rescuers

  Erdmann, Emmy: her acts of rescue

  Erika (a Jewish girl): saved, in Vienna

  Erlihmann, Moussia: a rescuer

  Essen (Ruhr): a rescuer in

  Esterowicz, Ida and Samuel: saved

  Estonia: two rescuers in

  Estonians: and collaboration, xix

  Ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsch): and acts of rescue; and an act of defiance; widespread; and a decent guard; their bad reputation

  Europe: ‘islands of exception in’

  Evian-les-Bains (France): Jews hidden in, and around

  evil: ‘easily perpetuates itself

  extortionists: ‘the bane of Jews in hiding’ Polish Government-in-Exile warns against; and rescuers; ever active

  Faber, Reverend Adriaan and Ank: rescuers, in Holland

  Fain, Audrée: in hiding with her daughters, Photo

  Fain, Nadine: her rescuers; photographed with her mother and sisters, Photo

  Fajnsztejn, Alicja and Zofja: given shelter, with their parents, with their rescuers, Photo

  false papers: and rescue; in Italian Zone of France; in Greece; in Italy; in Hungary; in Budapest

  ‘Fanchet, Irene’: an assumed name

  Father Bruno (Père Bruno): a rescuer; reflects on his motivation; with some of his Jewish children, Photo

  ‘Father Guardian’ (Father Federico Don Vincenti): saves Jews

  Father Marko: shelters Jews

  Father Pio (later Saint): hides a Jewish refugee

  Father Ufryjewicz: helps save a Jewish family

  Faye, Monsieur (a farmer): helps a Jewish mother and daughter

  Federman, Annette and Micheline: given refuge

  Federman, Hélène and Henri: given refuge

  Feilgut, Bernard, Felicja and Ewa: protected

  Feingold, Benjamin: given refuge

  Feldman, Gisele: given refuge

  Feller, Dr Harald (a Swiss citizen): hides Jews in Budapest

  Ferri, Hoxha: enables eighty Jews to hide

  Fierz, Olga: saves Jewish children

  Filipowicz, Wanda: and the Council for Assistance to the Jews

  Filipowski, Dr: helps Jews

  ‘Final Solution’: Italian opposition to

  Finkelstein, Eitan: sends details of a rescue

  Finkelsztajn, Menachem: saved

  Finland: rescue of Jews in

  First Communion: and Jewish girls in hiding; Photo,
Photo

  Fischer, Dr Ludwig: his harsh decree

  Fischler, Leon (Jehuda Yinon): in hiding

  Fischler-Martinho, Janina: finds a rescuer

  Fisher Bill: helps save a Jewish girl

  Fishman, Lonia and Sevek: hidden

  Fiume (Italy): a rescuer tortured in; expulsion from; a Righteous Italian in, sent to Dachau

  Fjellbu, Dean Arne: ‘the Church will sound the alarm…’

  Flechtman, Moshe and Chawiwa: saved

  Florence (Italy): a Cardinal in, helps Jews; a Jewish family, finds refuge in the mountains; a Jewish boy from Croatia finds refuge in

  Flossenbürg concentration camp: a deportation to

  Foix (France): Jewish children rescued near

  Foley, Frank: issues visas

  Follestad, Agnes: helps Jews

  Follestad, Einar: helps Jews

  Fomenko, Witold: hides Jews

  food…and hope:

  Fossati, Cardinal: finds refuge for a Jewish family

  Foxman, Abraham (Abe): saved, xvii; Photo

  France: round-ups in, xix; a rescue through, xx; Jews flee; acts of rescue in; dislike of German occupation in

  Franchetti, Barone: arrested, in error

  Franchetti family: the saga of their rescue

  Franchetti, Luisa (Luisa Naor): recalls her family’s rescue

  Franciscan Sisters (Bruges): hide Jews

  Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary: Jewish children rescued by

  Franciscans: save Jews, xvi

  Franco, General: an opponent of, helps a Jew in hiding; a would-be fighter against, shows kindness to Jews at Auschwitz

  Frank, Anne: ‘in a castle’ in hiding, and betrayed; and a Righteous ‘pack mule’ her rescuer betrayed

  Frank, Hans: his cruel decree; forwards a protest

  Franz (a block leader in Auschwitz): his ‘humanity’

  Free Zone (‘Zone Libre’, France):; a French general refuses to round up Jews in; Jews smuggled into, from the Occupied Zone

  Freiburg (Germany): and acts of kindness

  Freier, Recha: and emigration to Palestine

  Freifeld, Zygmunt: helped by a Polish railway official

  French diplomats: help Jews (in Rome)

  French Institute (Athens): two Jews hidden in

  French police: arrest Jews, xx Freund, Irene: given refuge

  Friedlaender, Paul (Pal Foti): and a ‘miracle’ given refuge, in Budapest

  Friedländer, Elli and Jan: denied refuge

  Friedländer, Saul: reflects on the paucity of Nazis with a conscience; his parents’ letter to his rescuer

  Friedman, Israel and Berta: saved

  Friedman, Philip: recalls slaughter in Lvov, and rescue; comments on the execution of ‘guilty’ Gentiles; and a collection of testimonies; and the execution of Kazimierz Jozefek