by Max Hastings
‘This carelessness was’ Praun MS p.72
‘What an agent’ UKNA WO208/3575
‘Black Market’ USNA RG457 SRH-031
‘Few such operations’ For a fuller account of this extraordinary episode see Hastings Das Reich pp.187–209
‘One felt one was’ UKNA WO208/3575
‘the desperate message’ Milner-Barry in Hinsley & Stripp p.98
‘They were trained at’ The personal stories below derive from UKNA WO208/35618
‘She had backed’ This account of the stay-behinds is taken from UKNA WO208/35618 Clören interrogation report
‘The problem is not’ USNA RG407–Entry 427 Box 2410 Ninth Army reports
‘It is no more possible’ ibid.
‘I cannot say’ UKNA HS6/704
‘the operation was brought’ USNA RG407 Box 2411 109.31
‘We learned even before’ V. Nikolsky Aquarium 2, quoted in Damaskin p.286 et seq.
‘An Abwehr officer in Norway’ UKNA WO208/3629
‘The GRU infiltrated’ UKNA WO208/5543 serial 1675
‘What follows seems’ UKNA WO208/5556
‘What conclusions can be’ ibid.
‘It is not a misuse’ Hinsley et al. British Intelligence vol. III pt. ii p.418
‘It was extraordinary’ Bennett Normandy p.185
‘headless horror and’ Forrest Pogue The Ardennes Campaign: The Impact of Intelligence Dec 1980 available online through NSA website public_info/_files/cryptologic_spectrum/Ardennes_campaign.pdf
‘My digestion is’ USAMHI Carlisle Chester B. Hansen Collection, Diary, Box 6
‘Of all the officers’ Strong p.178
‘Peter Caddick-Adams’ Caddick-Adams, Peter Snow and Steel: The Battle of the Bulge 1944–45 Preface 2014 p181
‘It can be stated’ UKNA HW13/45
‘The record is not’ UKNA WO208/3575
‘existing British formations’ Howard Deception p.199
‘During the Ardennes battle’ Praun p.85
‘Deception during these’ Howard British Intelligence in WWII vol. V p.197
Chapter 19 – Black Widows, Few White Knights
‘performed rather inefficiently’ Hurt MS Friedman Papers pp.31–2
‘I can’t go with you’ Hastings, Max Nemesis: The Battle for Japan 1944–45 HarperCollins 2007 p.297 et seq.
‘The British were more’ Budiansky p.294
‘Intelligence, like money’ Holmes p.129
‘Far East intelligence from’ Aldrich p.233
‘Two characteristics are’ UKNA HIS/304 Captain GA Garron-Williams 28.4.45
‘Do we know’ UKNA WO208/5606
‘What we know’ Aldrich p.254
‘As you know’ UKNA HS1/304 14.12.44
‘exceedingly dissatisfied’ ibid.17.11.44
‘Leese’s ferocious’ UKNA WO208/5075
‘It is a melancholy’ UKNA WO203/5606
‘I have yet to meet’ UKNA WO203/6451
‘Freddy Spencer Chapman’ Spencer Chapman, Frederick The Jungle is Neutral Chatto & Windus 1949 passim.
‘Insofar as SOE is’ UKNA HI5/203 25.3.42
‘The ambitions of Mackenzie’ Aldrich p.284
‘making the fullest’ ibid. p.176
‘an undignified scramble’ ibid. p.185
‘When he was shot’ Allen, Louis The Longest War: Burma 1941–45 Dent 1985 pp.577–8
‘the party was hampered’ UKNA HIS/203
‘MI6 reported at the same’ UKNA H51/304
‘No contact with’ UKNA HI5/203
‘The clash plunged’ Aldrich p.xv
‘should admit frankly’ UKNA HIS/210
‘In 1943, when Japan’s’ Kotani p.17
‘In New Guinea we’ ibid. p.10
‘A large party of Muslim’ Aldrich p.164
‘I have secretly warned’ UKNA HW12/300
‘Our navy was being’ Friedman Papers in NSA online archive Lecture V, Part II 1/1/1958 Folder 023 A38400 41699909073923
‘Tokyo increased its own’ See Katherine Herbig in Handel et al. p.274
‘The staff of the Operations Department’ Kotani p.106
‘disliked even listening’ ibid. p.101
‘The affairs of individuals’ ibid. p.104
‘The most conspicuous example’ ibid. p.39
‘very poor’ UKNA WO208/5543 serial 1673
‘an uneasy and unprofitable’ UKNA WO208/5545
‘Seeing the Nazi ship’ ibid.
Chapter 20 – ‘Enormoz’
‘There is no country’ Weinstein p.196
‘In the following year’ Antonov, V. ‘Moscow Looked Forward to the Information from Agent “Dan”’ in Nezavisimoe Voennoe Obozrenie 17.10.2008
‘Pavel Sudoplatov asserts’ Sudoplatov p.192
‘Oppenheimer’s most recent’ Monk, Ray Inside the Centre: The Life of J. Robert Oppenheimer Cape 2012 p.336
‘Sudoplatov cites Oppenheimer’ Sudoplatov p.172
‘of great interest’ Andrew Mitrokhin p.168
‘On 1 July the NKVD’ Weinstein p.182
‘Elizabeth Zarubin approached’ Sudoplatov p.192
‘The information always’ Andrew Mitrokhin p.173
‘details … are almost certain’ Liddell vol. II p.222
‘perhaps less than half’ Sudoplatov p.188
Chapter 21 – Decoding Victory
‘MI6 is old’ Wilkinson diary 24.2.43 Churchill College, Cambridge
‘Despite the real contribution’ UKNA CAB163/6
‘He had seen the Communist’ Schlesinger p.349
‘The end of the war is’ Sudoplatov p.170
‘enemy of the people’ ibid. p.431
‘It goes without saying’ Gourevitch p.8
‘Prisons are the same’ ibid. p.79
‘The story is a little’ UKNA KV2/3552
‘very imperfect’ UKNA CAB154/105
‘There was something’ Schlesinger p.350
‘this caused some’ Thirsk, James in Action This Day p.277
‘One of the prices’ Gannon p.447
‘secret service became the struggle’s’ Aldrich p.xv
‘very little secret information’ Lockhart p.219
‘Paul Kennedy’ Kennedy, Paul Engineers of Victory Allen Lane 2012 p.358
‘The cryptanalysts did not’ Annan p.237
‘Experience on both’ McLachlan p.28
‘There seems to be a tendency’ USNA RG 457 SRH-031
‘The material was dangerously’ UKNA WO208/3575
‘It is striking to notice’ USNA RG59 Box 3064
‘the old cloak and dagger’ Liddell vol. II p.237
‘Edward Travis’ UKNA HW14/22
‘These methods, said’ UKNA WO311/632
‘by means of the spoken’ Jeffery p.369
‘Sir! You have’ Anecdote quoted to the author by Gen. Sir David Richardson 22.4.81
‘Few armies ever’ UKNA WO208/3575
‘Resistance is small’ Hastings Das Reich p.218
Bibliography
Author’s Note
In writing this book I have consulted a huge range of titles, many of them narratives of aspects of the conflict, rather than explicitly intelligence-related: thus, some general works are unmentioned below. Meanwhile 1939–45 espionage, codebreaking and guerrilla war form vast literatures of their own. I have read a significant fraction over the past half-century, but list below only titles explicitly relevant to my text. Their inclusion is not an endorsement of their credibility – often, the reverse is the case; it is instead simply a reflection of the fact that I or Dr Lyuba Vinogradovna have read them while researching this work.
Articles, Online Sources etc.
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p.807
Bonsall, A. ‘An Uphill Struggle: The Provision of Tactical Sigint Support to the Allied Air Forces in Europe in WWII’ in Stubbington, John Bomber Command: Kept in the Dark p.205
Butirsky, Larin & Shanki http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail,id/23880430
‘Chris’ http://chris-intel-corner.blogspot.gr/2012/07/japanese-codebreakers-of-wwii.html
Crossland, James ‘Operation Kitchenmaid’ Intelligence and National Security 28 no. 6 Dec 2013 pp.808–23
Erskine, Ralph ‘Tunny Reveals B-Dienst Successes against the “Convoy Code”’ Intelligence and National Security 28 no. 6 2013 pp.868–89
—‘Captured Kriegsmarine Enigma Documents at Bletchley Park’ Cryptologia 32 no. 3 2008 pp.199–219
—‘The Admiralty and Cipher Machines During the Second World War: Not So Stupid After All’ Journal of Intelligence History 2 no. 2 2002 pp.49–68
—‘William Friedman’s Bletchley Park Diary: A Different View’ Intelligence and National Security 22 no. 3 Jun 2007 pp.367–79
—(with Peter Freeman) ‘Brigadier John Tiltman: One of Britain’s Finest Cryptologists’ Cryptologia 27 no. 4 Oct 2003 pp.289–318
—‘Eavesdropping on “Bodden”: ISOS v. the Abwehr in the Straits of Gibraltar’ Intelligence and National Security 12 no. 3 Jul 1997 pp.110–29
—‘Ultra and Some U.S. Navy Carrier Operations’ Cryptologia 19 no. 1 Jan 1995 pp.81–96
—‘Ultra Reveals a Late B-Dienst Success in the Atlantic’ Cryptologia 34 no. 4 Oct 2010 pp.340–58
—‘What Did the Sinkov Mission Receive from Bletchley Park?’ Cryptologia 24 no. 2 Apr 2000 pp.97–109
—‘Naval Enigma: A Missing Link’ International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3 no. 4 Winter 1989 pp.493–508
—‘The Soviets & Naval Enigma: Some Comments’ Intelligence and National Security 4 no. 3 Jul 1989 pp.503–11
—‘The Poles Reveal Their Secrets: Alastair Denniston’s Account of the July 1939 Meeting at Pyry’ Cryptologia 30 no. 4 Oct 2006 pp.294–305
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Good, Jack, Donald Michie & Geoffrey Timms ‘General Report on Tunny’ http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/archive/index/tunnyreportindex.html; or in UKNA HW25/4 &5
Grebennkov, Vadim http://www.cryptohistory.ru/book/
Grey, Christopher Intelligence and National Security 28 no. 6 Dec 2013 pp.705–807
Hurt, John ‘The Japanese Problem in the Signal Intelligence Service 1930–45’ Friedman Papers Box 212
Ivanov, Ivan Promyhlennyi kurier 2 Sept 2005
Jones, R.V. Intelligence and National Security 9 1994 p.2
Kedward, H.R. ‘Resisting French Resistance’ lecture at Sussex University 27 Mar 1998
Kuromiya, Hirokaki & Peplonsky, Andrezej ‘Kozo Isumi and the Soviet Breach of Imperial Japanese Diplomatic Codes’ Intelligence and National Security 28 no. 6 Dec 1913
Naftali, Timothy ‘Intrepid’s Last Deception’ Intelligence and National Security Jul 1993 p.72
Official website of the Russian Intelligence Service http://www.svr.gov.ru
Pavlov, A. ‘Military Intelligence in the USSR in 1941–1945’, in Igor Damaskin p.286 et seq.
Pavlov, Vitaly ‘Open, Sesame’ in Sezam, otkroisya
Praun, Albert ‘Report on German Wartime Sigint Operations’ https://www.nsa.gov/publicinfo/files/friedmandocuments/Publication/Folder240/2494174899907819.pdf
Richard, Joseph ‘The Breaking of the Japanese Army’s Codes’ Cryptologia 28 Apr 2004 pp.289–309
Rusbridger, James ‘The Sinking of the Automedon, the Capture of the Nankin: New Light on Two Intelligence Disasters in World War II’ Encounter 64 no. 5 May 1985
Thomas, David ‘The Legend of Agent Max’ Foreign Intelligence and Literary Science 5 1986
TICOM studies of German cryptanalysis, various, in online archive https://www.sites.google.com/site/icomarchive/the-targets/okm-chi/relatedreports; also http://www.chris-intel-comer.blogspot.co.uk
Weaver, Michael ‘International Co-Operation and Bureaucratic Infighting: American and British Economic Intelligence Sharing and the Strategic Bombing of Germany’ Intelligence and National Security Feb 2008 p.153
Books
Albertelli, Sebastien Les Services Secrète de la France Libre Ministère de Defence & Nouveau Monde 2012
Aldrich, Richard Intelligence and the War Against Japan CUP 2000
Allen, Louis The Longest War: Burma 1941–45 Dent 1985
Andrew, Christopher Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community Heinemann 1985
—The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 Allen Lane 2009
—& David Dilks (eds) The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century Macmillan 1984
—& Vasili Mirokhin The Mitrokhin Archive Allen Lane 1999
Annan, Noel Our Age Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1990
Bailey, Roderick (ed.) Target Italy: The Secret War Against Mussolini 1940–43 Faber 2014
—Forgotten Voices of the Secret War Ebury 2008
—The Wildest Province Jonathan Cape 2007
Bamford, James The Puzzle Palace Sidgwick & Jackson 1983
Baring, Sarah The Road to Station X Wilton 65 2000
Bazna, Elyesa I Was Cicero André Deutsch 1962
Beesly, Patrick Very Special Intelligence Hamish Hamilton 1977
Beevor, Antony The Mystery of Olga Chekhova Viking 2004
Beevor, J.G. SOE: Recollections and Reflections 1940–45 Bodley Head 1981
Behrendt, Hans-Otto Rommel’s Intelligence in the Desert Campaign Kimber 1980
Bennett, Gill Churchill’s Man of Mystery Routledge 2009
Bennett, Ralph Ultra and Mediterranean Strategy 1941–45 Hamish Hamilton 1989
—Ultra in the West Hutchinson 1979
Beus, J.G. de Tomorrow at Dawn! Norton 1980
Binney, Marcus The Women Who Lived for Danger Hodder & Stoughton 2002
—Secret War Heroes Hodder & Stoughton 2005
Bororvik, Genrikh The Philby Files ed. Philip Knightley London 1994
Bower, Tom The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War 1935–1990 Heinemann 1995
Boyd, Carl Hitler’s Japanese Confidant Kansas University Press 1993
Boyle, Andrew Climate of Treason Hutchinson 1979
Brinkley, David Washington Goes to War Knopf 1988
Brooke, Alan War Diaries 1939–45 ed. Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2001
Bruce Lockhart, Sir Robert Diaries 1939–65 ed. Kenneth Young Macmillan 1980
Budiansky, Stephen Battle of Wits Penguin 2000
Butler, Ewan Mason-Mac Macmillan 1972
Caddick-Adams, Peter Snow and Steel: The Battle of the Bulge 1944–45 Preface 2014
Cadogan, Alexander The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan 1938–45 ed. David Dilks Cassell 1971
Calvocoressi, Peter Top Secret Ultra Cassell 1980
Carlson, Elliot Joe Rochefort’s War Naval Institute Press 2011
Cecil, Robert A Divided Life Bodley Head 1988
Clayton, Eileen The Enemy is Listening Hutchinson 1980
Clive, Nigel A Greek Experience 1943–48 Michael Russell 1985
Cookridge, E.H. Inside SOE Arthur Barker 1966
Copeland, B. Jack (ed.) The Essential Turing OUP 2004
—Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park’s Codebreaking Computers OUP 2006
Cradock, Percy Know Your Enemy: How the JIC Saw the World John Murray 2002
Cruickshank, Charles Deception in World War II OUP 1979
—SOE in Scandinavia OUP 1986
Dalton,
Hugh The War Diaries of Hugh Dalton ed. Ben Pimlott Jonathan Cape 1986
Damaskin, Igor Stalin i razvedka (Stalin and the Intelligence Service) Moscow 2004
Deacon, Richard The Japanese Secret Service Muller 1982
Debruyne, Emmanuel La Guerre Secrète des Espions Belges 1940–44 Racine 2000
Degtyarev, Klim & Kolpakidi, Aleksandr Vneshnyaya Razvedka SSSR (Soviet Foreign Intelligence) Moscow, Eksmo 2009
Delattre, Lucas Betraying Hitler: The Story of Fritz Kolbe, the Most Important Spy of the Second World War Atlantic 2006
Doerries, Reinhard R. Hitler’s Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg Frank Cass 2003
Dulles, Allen From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles 1942–45 ed. Neal Petersen Penn State University 1996
Elliott-Bateman, Michael (ed.) The Fourth Dimension of Warfare Manchester UP 1970
Elphick, Peter & Smith, Michael Odd Man Out: The Story of the Singapore Traitor Hodder & Stoughton 1993
Farago, Ladislas The Game of the Foxes Hodder 1972
Feklisov, Aleksandr Za okeanom i na ostrove, zapiski razvedchika (Across the Ocean and on the Island: Memoirs of an Intelligence Man) Moscow 2001
Fisk, Robert In Time of War André Deutsch 1983
Foot, M.R.D. The Special Operations Executive 1940–46 BBC 1984
—SOE in France HMSO 1976
—& Langley, J.M. MI9: Escape and Evasion 1939–45 Bodley Head 1979
Foote, Alexander A Handbook for Spies Museum Press 1949
Fourcade, Marie-Madeleine Noah’s Ark Allen & Unwin 1973
Gannon, Paul Colossus: Bletchley Park’s Greatest Secret Atlantic 2006
Garlinski, Josef The Swiss Corridor Dent 1981
Gladkov, Teodor Ego Velichestvo Agent (His Majesty’s Agent) Moscow 2010
Glanz, David Soviet Military Intelligence in War Frank Cass 1990
Gogun, Aleksandr & Kentiy, Aleksandr Krasnye partizany Ukrainy (Red Partisans of the Ukraine) Ukrainsky Izdatelsky Soyuz 2006
Goodman, Michael S. The Official History of the Joint Intelligence Committee vol. I Routledge 2014
Gorodetsky, Gabriel Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia Yale University Press 1999
Gourevitch, A. Un Certain Monsieur Kent Grasset 1995
Handel, Michael (ed.) Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War Frank Cass 1987
Harris Smith, R. OSS: The History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency University of California Press 1972