Ostkrieg
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Courland, 446
Don, 309, 312, 315–16, 321–22
North, 53, 88, 97, 113, 120, 126, 128, 146–47, 156, 205, 211, 213, 216, 236, 365, 382–85, 387, 405–6, 408–9, 415, 417–18, 430–33, 446
North Ukraine, 408–9, 412–13
South, 53, 89, 117, 120, 123, 125, 129, 141, 143, 163–65, 184–85, 203, 216, 226, 233, 236, 243, 249, 261, 265–66, 323, 339, 345, 347, 350–51, 355–56, 365, 371–73, 378, 380, 384, 387, 390, 392, 394, 398, 405, 431, 436, 454
South Ukraine, 432, 434, 436
Vistula, 446, 448, 461
Army Groups (Soviet). See Fronts
Army High Command. See Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH)
Aryanization, 483
Asia, 17, 22, 45, 64, 68, 70, 97, 186, 255, 375, 453, 477
Astrakhan, 55, 271, 275, 277
Atlantic, Battle of the, xxiv, 46, 194, 196, 233, 268, 339, 432, 434, 470, 486
Atlantic Charter, 109–10, 131
atomic bomb, 232, 485
Auftragstaktik (mission oriented tactics), 102, 229, 352
Auschwitz, 177–78, 181, 220, 223, 226, 254, 257–58, 260, 317, 362. See also concentration camps; extermination camps
Austria, 12, 14, 106, 436–37, 447, 478
Avranches, 419
Azov, Sea of, 323, 365, 370
Babi Yar, 102–3
Backe, Herbert, 60–62, 171, 224–26, 505n57, 505n60
Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem (SS-Obergruppenführer), 333
Bagration, Operation, xv, 405–10, 420–23, 442
Bakhmut River, 165
Baku, 106, 271–72, 279, 282
Balaton, Lake, 436–37
Balck, Hermann (General), 380
Balkans, 32, 36–38, 43, 46, 48–50, 71, 84, 204, 336–37, 341, 362, 406, 408
Baltic Sea, 55, 77, 113, 128, 146, 365, 382, 385, 406, 418, 432–33, 440, 461
Baltic solution, 406–8
Baltic states, 19–20, 32, 36–38, 41–42, 49–50, 53, 56, 88–89, 93, 106, 120, 148, 172, 219, 255–56, 385, 408, 418, 429–31, 433, 448, 476, 481
Bamberg, 300
Baranovichi, 417
Barbarossa, Operation, xv, xxiv, 72–76
aim of, 50–52, 66–67, 75–76
Barbarossa Jurisdiction Decree (13 May 1941), 68–69, 480
Commissar Order, xv, 68–69, 94, 480–81, 519n57
crisis of confidence, 125–34
decision for, 35–44, 48–52
Directive No. 21 (Barbarossa Directive), 51, 66
Directive No. 33, 125–28
Directive No. 34, 128–29
economic objectives of, 40–42, 60–61, 82–83
and Einsatzgruppen, 66, 70–71, 94–96, 101–4
escalating problems, 58–60, 81–82, 87–88, 112–18
failure of, 191–93
“Guidelines for Special Areas” (Einsatzgruppen), 66
Hitler’s intervention in military matters, 125–28
invasion launched, 77–78, 86–91
and Kiev pocket, 141–46
and Leningrad, 146–47
logistic problems, 56–57, 118–20, 149–51, 158–59, 185–86, 215–16
morale of troops, 89, 109, 111–12, 121, 130, 152, 155, 159, 162–64, 182, 188–90, 192–93, 201–2
operational plan, 82–85
and operations in the Balkans, 71–72
and operations in Ukraine, 140–46, 163–65
and Operation Typhoon, 152–57, 160–63, 182–93
and partisan war, 86–87, 98, 101–2, 104, 106, 108, 111, 149, 160, 174, 180, 193, 198
planning for, 52–60
popular German reaction, 121, 135–36, 184, 229–30
Soviet counterattack (Moscow), 199–205, 210–15
and German response, 205–12, 215–17
Soviet resistance, 85–88, 111–12, 114–15, 122–25, 156–58
Stalin’s reaction, 78–81
Supplement to Directive No. 33, 126–28
Supplement to Directive No. 34, 131
as war of extermination, 66–71, 75–76, 91–111, 166–73, 217–26
See also Typhoon
Barrikady gun factory, 290, 296, 298–99
Barvenkovo, 248, 250–51
Basargino Station, 288
battle group. See Kampfgruppe
Bautzen, 469
Bavaria, 137, 468
Beck, Ludwig (General), 36
Belaja Kalitva, 317
Belaya Tserkov, 102
Belgorod, 323–24, 351, 353, 355
Belorussia (White Russia), 37–38, 86, 89, 93, 95, 102, 106, 140, 172, 176, 178, 254, 256, 333, 381, 405, 407–10, 415, 435, 486
Below, Nicolaus von (Captain), 296
Belzec, 178, 181, 220, 226, 253, 361
Berchtesgaden, 309, 395, 415,
Berdichev, 387
Berezina River, 415
Berezino, 415–16
Berezovka, 219
Berghof, xv, 18, 33, 42, 307, 396–97, 400, 417–18. See also Obersalzberg
Berlin
Allied bombing raids on, 363, 466
Battle of, 438, 441–42, 447, 449, 458–69
deportation of Jews, 14, 24, 109, 175–76, 258–59, 531n31
food situation, 136
Hitler’s triumphal return (1940), 31
Red Army atrocities in, 450
signs of war weariness in, 325
Sportpalast, 63, 155, 181, 296, 298, 326
Bessarabia, 32, 49, 434
Bialystok, 86–88, 94–95, 97
Birkenau, 177, 220, 257. See also concentration camps
black market, 136, 171, 224, 427–28
Black Sea, 77, 141, 241, 245, 271–72, 277–78, 355, 379, 387, 396–98, 435
Black Sea Fleet (Soviet), 241, 245
Blau, Operation, xv, 230–39, 241, 246, 248, 252–53, 261–67, 269–70, 291, 338
blitzkrieg, xv, xxiii, 9, 26–29, 52–55, 57, 74, 82, 87, 110, 125, 129, 160, 171, 214, 231–32, 293, 324, 346, 422, 434, 473, 476, 484, 486
Blobel, Paul, 102–3
blocking units (Red Army), 143, 273
Blomberg, Werner von (General), 11
BMW, 260
Bobruisk, 381, 408–9, 414–15
Bock, Fedor von (Field Marshal)
dismissal of (July 1942), 267
dismissal of (December 1941), 205–6
doubts about Operation Barbarossa, 51, 59, 82
Operation Barbarossa, 86–87, 111, 113, 123–25, 127, 129, 131–33, 140, 142–44, 146
Operation Blau, 243, 248–51, 253, 261, 263, 265–67, 269
Operation Typhoon, 145, 151–56, 159–62, 170, 182–85, 187–88, 191–92
protests “Jew trains,” 176
Soviet counterattack (Moscow), 199–200, 202–7
Bohemia, 437, 465, 468
Bolshaya (bridgehead), 307–8
Bolshevism
German determination to eradicate, 42, 66–68, 73, 97–98, 101, 121, 170–73, 175
“Jewish,” xxi–xxii, 5, 7–11, 26, 35, 42, 66, 68, 70, 74, 78, 94, 101, 110, 135, 360, 375, 377, 473, 480, 487
in Hitler’s worldview, xxi, 5, 7–11, 17, 26, 35–36, 42, 44, 66–67, 72–73, 75, 78, 91, 94, 110, 235, 360, 366, 440, 473, 478, 480, 484
in Nazi ideology, 68, 254, 478, 480, 487
in Nazi propaganda, 99, 107, 135, 137, 236, 320–22, 327, 376–77, 453, 512n56
“booty” Ukrainians, 373, 377, 384, 394, 398–99, 435
Borisov, 416
Bormann, Martin, 105, 178, 328–29, 474
Bouhler, Philipp, 138–39, 180
Brack, Viktor, 138, 180
Bradley, Omar (General), 468
Brandenburg, 446
Brandt, Karl, 139
Brauchitsch, Walter von (Field Marshal), 19, 27, 38–39, 42–43, 50, 66, 69, 75, 101, 124, 127, 131–32, 148, 164, 190, 201
dismissal of, 205–6
Braun, Eva, 467
Breker, Arno, 3
Brenner Pass, 47
Breslau, 442, 445, 447–48
Brest-Litovsk, 39, 86, 408, 418
brigades, German
First SS, 70, 106, 203
Grodeck, 244
Britain, xxii
Battle of, 33–34, 38–39, 41–43, 46–49, 484–85
Bomber Command, 330, 466
bombing campaign, 50, 72, 83, 109, 136–37, 427
and “destroyers for bases” deal, 40, 45
Dunkirk evacuation, 484
and eugenics movement, 138
and German invasion of Poland, 8, 25
and German plans for invasion of USSR, 42, 58, 75
Germany and, xxiii, 2, 6–7, 24, 28–29, 41, 44, 51–52, 60, 71, 83, 469, 475, 477, 479
Hitler and, 3, 6, 8–10, 12–14, 16, 32–33, 36–38, 40, 43, 63–64, 71, 75, 91, 156, 194, 217, 268, 296, 400, 402, 433, 475
Hitler’s “peace offer,” 25, 33–35, 37, 45, 326, 363, 484
Joint Intelligence Subcommittee, 336
and Lend-Lease, 40
and Mers-el-Kebir, 33
Soviet Union and, xxii, 144, 165, 276, 341
U.S. and, 39–40, 45, 71, 110, 194, 484
warnings to Stalin, 80
British Empire, 2, 8, 29, 34
German plans for attack on, 43, 50, 233
Japan and, 34, 42–43, 45, 51, 71–72, 194, 217, 233
Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), 446
Brusilov, 380
Bryansk, 153–55, 156, 157, 160, 211, 219, 232, 346, 348, 369
Budenny, Semen (Marshal), 145
Bucharest, 435–36
Budapest, xv, 362, 437–38
Bug River, 86, 141, 394, 397, 418, 429
Bukovina, 32, 49
Bukrin (bridgehead), 378
Busch, Ernst (Field Marshal), 381, 408, 410–15, 437
Busse, Theodor (General), 460, 466
Bustard Hunt, Operation (Trappenjagd), xvii, 243, 529n5
Carpathian Mountains, 140, 387–88, 392, 396, 434–36
Caspian Sea, 55, 233, 272
casualties, German. See German army: casualties
casualties, Soviet. See Red Army: casualties
Catholic Church, 136–38
Caucasus
in German planning, 53, 59, 130, 132, 162–64, 182, 190, 231–32, 234, 239, 241, 313, 316, 336, 342
oil in, 53, 59, 83–84, 89, 91, 126, 129, 132, 145, 165, 182, 235, 238, 277, 280, 326
operations in, 245, 261–62, 268, 270–72, 274–79, 281–84, 291, 296, 301, 306, 322, 324
and Soviet planning, 84, 200, 269, 304, 315
Chamberlain, Neville, 10
Chelmno, 178, 219–20, 226, 253
Cernovicy (Chernovtsy), 395
Cherkassy, 141, 389–95, 398
Cherniakhovsky, Ivan Danilovich (General), 444
Chernigov, 365, 368–69
Chernobyl, 369, 371, 378, 381
Chir River, 307, 314
Chotin, 395
Chuikov, Vasilii Ivanovich (General), 288, 293–94, 296, 298, 301, 304
Churchill, Winston, 32–34, 37–38, 46, 79–80, 110, 131, 157, 174, 197, 328, 458
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 32, 166, 190
Citadel, Operation (Zitadelle)
consequence of, 357
delays, 340–42
doubts about, 339–42
losses, 352–53
operations, 344–53
plans for, 338–39, 341, 343
strength of opposing forces, 343–44 See also Kursk, Battle of
Clausewitz, Carl von, 82–83
climate. See weather
coal, 28, 150, 169, 226, 229, 297, 322, 366, 475, 492–93
collaborators (with Germans), 97
Cologne, 144
colonies, 17, 46, 48, 170, 259
colonization, 7, 92–93, 173, 241, 254–57, 476–79
Commissar Order (6 June 1941), xv, 68–69, 94, 480–81, 519n57
Communist Party (Soviet), 94, 156–57
Compiegne, 2
concentration camps
Auschwitz, 178–79, 181, 220, 223, 226, 254, 257–58, 260, 317, 362
Dachau, 260
death marches, 454–55
destruction through labor, 94–95, 180, 223, 260–61, 334, 481
euthanasia in, 139
forced labor in, 93–94, 221–22, 259–61, 332, 334–36, 364, 428, 481, 486
Mauthausen, 260
Mittelbau-Dora, 335, 426
Oranienburg, 260
Ravensbrück, 260
Sachsenhausen, 260 See also extermination camps; forced labor
continental bloc, 44–48, 51
Corps (German)
Second SS Panzer, 323, 347–51, 396, 398, 402, 541n69, 542n80
Third Panzer, 251, 275, 282, 355–56, 390
Fourth SS Panzer, 444
Fifth, 275
Eighth Air, 242
Eleventh, 285, 317
Thirteenth, 388
Fourteenth Armored, 298
Fourteenth Panzer, 285–87, 289, 309
Twentieth, 209
Twenty-fourth, 142
Twenty-fourth Motorized, 154
Twenty-fourth Panzer, 211, 285, 351, 355–56
Twenty-ninth, 370
Thirtieth, 246
Thirty-fifth, 414
Thirty-ninth Motorized, 147
Fortieth Panzer, 275
Forty-first Panzer, 414
Forty-third, 208
Forty-fourth, 275
Forty-seventh Motorized, 154
Forty-seventh Panzer, 389–90
Forty-eighth, 294
Forty-eighth Panzer, 288, 291, 306–8, 280
Fifty-first, 288, 294, 298, 301, 312
Fifty-second, 275, 293
Fifty-third, 413
Fifty-fourth, 246
Fifty-sixth Panzer, 408
Fifty-seventh Panzer, 275, 314
Grossdeutschland Panzer, 444–45
Corps (Italian)
Alpine, 277
Corps (Rumanian)
Sixth, 288
Corps (Soviet)
Third Tank, 419
Twenty-first Tank, 251
Twenty-third Tank, 251
Twenty-sixth Tank, 310
Twenty-ninth Tank, 349
Cotentin peninsula, 419–20
Cottbus, 464
Courland, 433–34, 446
Crete, 71
Crimea, 91, 105, 132, 163–64, 210, 241–47, 253, 255, 379, 387, 398
Czechoslovakia, 12, 14, 468–69
Czestochowa, 443
Dachau, 260. See also concentration camps
Daimler-Benz, 260
Dakar, 46
Dannecker, Theodor, 65
Danube River, 438
Danzig, 405, 429–30
Das Reich. See Divisions (German)
Das Reich (journal), 234, 424
D-Day. See Normandy
death penalty, soldiers, 331, 464
Debrecen, 437
Demyansk, 146, 213–14, 311
Desna River, 142, 154, 365
destroyers for bases, 40, 45
diet. See food supplies
Dietrich, Josef “Sepp” (SS-General), 438
Dietrich, Otto, 156, 296
Divisions (German)
Brandenburg, 444
Das Reich (2nd SS), 191, 268, 324, 348, 350, 355, 438
Grossdeutschland, 266, 268, 277, 324, 355, 388, 444, 541n69, 542n83
Hermann Goering Panzer, 419, 444
Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (First SS), 268, 324, 348–51, 395
Luftwaffe field, 306, 369, 384
Panzergrenadier (motorized infantry), 355, 367, 384
Totenkopf (Third SS), 324, 355, 438
Viking (Fifth SS), xvii, 269, 351, 355, 389, 419, 438
Second Panzer, 191
Third Panzer, 142, 355
Fourth Panzer, 142, 155, 160, 208
Fifth Panzer, 191, 346, 353, 415–17
Sixth Panzer, 160, 192, 202, 306, 356, 398
Seven
th Panzer, 191, 202, 355, 395, 444
Eighth Panzer, 353
Ninth SS Panzer, 393, 398
Tenth Motorized, 142
Tenth Panzer, 191
Tenth Panzergrenadier, 355
Tenth SS Panzer, 398
Eleventh Panzer, 191, 390
Twelfth Panzer, 146–47, 346, 409, 415–16
Thirteenth Panzer, 269, 282, 390
Fourteenth Panzer, 298, 306, 308, 390
Sixteenth Motorized, 277
Sixteenth Panzer, 286, 308, 390, 443
Seventeenth Panzer, 315, 351, 390, 443
Eighteenth Motorized, 146–47
Eighteenth Panzer, 117
Nineteenth Panzer, 419, 445
Twentieth Motorized, 146–47
Twentieth Panzer, 409, 413, 414
Twenty-second Panzer, 242, 244, 277, 292, 306, 308
Twenty-third Panzer, 263, 282, 314–15, 351
Twenty-fourth Panzer, 266, 289, 308, 390
Twenty-fifth Panzer, 379–80, 445
Twenty-ninth Motorized Infantry, 309
Thirty-ninth Infantry, 357
Fiftieth Infantry, 247
Sixty-second Infantry, 100
Sixty-eighth Infantry, 395
134th Infantry, 414
168th Infantry, 356
253rd Infantry, 375
221st Security, 203
454th Security, 250
Divisions (Hungarian)
108th Light Infantry, 250
Divisions (Rumanian)
First Armored, 306
Divisions (Soviet)
Thirteenth Guards Rifle, 294, 303
Dnieper, Battle of, 369
Dnieper bend, 379, 387–88
Dnieper line, 114, 117, 120, 143
Dnieper River, 52, 56–57, 81–82, 86, 88–90, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 140–41, 143, 149–50, 154, 365, 368–74, 377, 379, 381, 387–92, 405, 414–15
Dniester River, 52, 395, 435
Dnepropetrovsk, 141, 163, 370, 379
Doenitz, Karl (Admiral), 418
Doerr, Hans (General), 293
Don-Chir bridgehead, 314
Donets Basin (industrial area), 126, 141, 145, 163, 165, 270, 273, 322, 324, 338–39, 351, 366–67, 369
Donets River, 248–49, 251, 267, 347, 353, 370
Don River, 162, 163–65, 185, 232, 261, 264–65, 267–69, 271–72, 275, 283–86, 288–89, 292, 296, 303–4, 306–10, 312, 314–17, 319, 321–22, 324, 405
Dora (artillery piece), 245
Dora camp. See concentration camps; Mittelbau-Dora
Dresden, 461, 465, 469
Drohobycz, 96
Dubno, 89
Dunkirk, 244, 328, 401, 406, 484
Durchgangstrasse 4, 481
Dvina-Dnieper line, 56–57, 81–82
Dvina River, 52, 88, 90, 417
Dzerzhinsky tractor works, 290, 295
Eagle’s Nest, 10
East Prussia, 88, 94, 104, 311, 419, 428–31, 442, 444–47, 449–50