Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality
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San Carlos Bay landing 355, 359–60
settlement, pressure for 350–1
Sheffield, HMS, sinking of 349–51, 354, 363
Sidewinder missiles 339–40, 361
South Georgia landing/recapture 325, 346–7
negotiations and resolutions 325, 335–6, 355, 366
uniting of House of Commons in relation to 329–31
US public opinion 339–40
victory 367–70, 501
war cabinet (ODSA) 344–5, 355, 369, 370
Fieldhouse, Sir John 327, 346, 361
Financial Times 311, 543–4, 585
Finchley, London 81, 102–3, 112, 555
Conservative Association 80, 83–4, 103
Jewish population 80, 83, 102–3, 187
MT’s adoption as candidate (1958) 79–82, 85
as safe Conservative seat 79–80, 83
Finkin Street Church, Grantham 22–3, 33, 127, 495
first term in office (1979–83) 324
bridge building 266–9
Budgets of 1979 and 1981, 5, 251, 308–12
cabinet 249–50, 252–5, 300–3, 306, 315–19, 380–1
civil service, challenging 255–9, 262, 265
economy 300–20, 376–7, 312–15
Falklands War (1982) see Falklands War (1982)
foreign policy 283–99
monopolies and mergers, bending of rules on 275–6
National Health Service (NHS) 378–80
privatisation, policies regarding 380–2
security matters, interest in 272–5
trade unions, policy towards 377–8, 389
‘voices’ 266, 269–72, 308
vulnerability of MT 312–15
see also under Thatcher, Margaret Hilda (Baroness)
Fisher, Sir Nigel 163–5, 168
FitzGerald, Garret 416–19, 468
Foot, Michael 226, 232, 329–30, 382–3, 388, 622
Fowler, Norman (later Baron Fowler) 318, 379, 526, 534
France, Mirage aircraft, supply by Dassault to Saudi Arabia 427–9
Fraser, (Sir) Hugh 4, 138, 149, 162, 170, 205, 556
free-market economics 118–19, 161, 208, 322
Friedman, Milton 205, 207–8, 250
G7 summits 286, 296, 469
Gaddafi, Muammar (Colonel) 451, 470–3
Galtieri, Leopoldo (General) 335–6, 365, 443, 599
Garel-Jones, Tristan (later Baron Garel-Jones) 590–1, 615, 636–7
Gatehouse, Stella M. 50, 115, 171
GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) 272–4
general elections 3–4, 48–9, 63–5, 69–70, 83–5, 107, 110–12, 114, 123, 632
of 1974 (February) 4, 138–40, 142, 440
of 1974 (October) 147–9, 199
of 1979, 233, 237–44, 246–7, 441
campaigning 233–7
preparation/waiting 229–33
victory 5, 243–6
of 1983 26, 386–8, 391, 443, 501
of 1987 500, 521–9
strategy group (‘A-Team’) 521–3
‘Wobbly Thursday’ 525–8
Germany
MT’s views on and fears about reunification 27–8, 49, 460, 555, 592–4, 599, 671
Nazi period 27–8, 298, 314
see also Second World War
Gillies, Dorothy 35–8
Gilmour, Sir Ian (later Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar) 177, 182, 184, 203, 249–50, 295, 305, 314, 335, 589
as Wet 301, 311, 317
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry 220, 292–4, 298–9
GKN (Birmingham), Kuwaiti export order car crisis 672–5
Goodrich, Margaret (later Wickstead) 12, 31–2, 36–7, 41, 51
Goose Green, Falklands 363, 375, 387
Gorbachev, Mikhail 299, 476, 478, 491, 592, 628
relationship with MT 8, 480–7, 493, 495–8, 631, 641
see also Soviet Union (USSR)
Gorbacheva, Raisa Maximovna 480–1, 495
Gow, Ian (Parliamentary Private Secretary) 5, 152, 250, 262, 270, 279, 291, 302, 385–6, 419, 563, 590, 595, 614–15
assassination and funeral (1990) 419–20, 595, 601
character 266–8, 517
Falklands War 323–4, 326, 334, 341, 346, 354, 356
grammar schools 121, 129, 251
Grand Hotel, Brighton: bombing of (1984) 53, 410–15, 453
Grantham, Lincolnshire 16, 28–9
Finkin Street Church 22–3, 25, 33, 127, 495
first political speech of MT (1945) 48–9
North Parade as MT’s birthplace/childhood home see North Parade, Grantham (birthplace and early childhood home)
Alfred Roberts’s grocery shops 9–11, 14
in Second World War 27–31, 296, 460–1
see also Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School (KGGS)
Grenada invasion (1983) 466–8
Griffiths, Brian (later Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach) 308, 541, 543, 585, 679, 681
Gummer, John Selwyn (later Baron Deben) 411–12, 637, 640
Haig, Alexander 336–9, 365–6
‘Haig Two’ document 338–40, 353
Hailsham, Quintin Hogg (Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone) 48, 79, 162–3, 305, 314, 378, 530
as Lord Chancellor 249–50, 254
Hamilton, Archie (Baron Hamilton of Epsom) 517–18, 535, 660
Hampson, Keith 589, 622, 635
‘handbagging’ 294, 517, 562, 665
Harris, Ralph (later Baron Harris of High Cross) 118, 152, 207
Hart, David 5, 103, 448–52, 449, 549
Haughey, Charles 415–16
Havers, Sir Michael (later Baron Havers) 77, 348, 511
Hayek, Friedrich von 152, 205, 207–8
The Constitution of Liberty 207
Road to Serfdom 52, 207
Healey, Denis (later Baron Healey) 156, 200, 209, 233, 467, 618
exchanges with MT 18, 157, 170–1, 199, 201, 212
Heath, Sir Edward 4, 111, 117, 123, 150, 164, 194, 240, 263
appointing of MT to various posts 113–15, 121, 156, 231
character/personality 124–5, 141, 148, 178–9, 194
compared to Enoch Powell 116–18
compared to MT 124–5, 137, 144, 219, 252
election campaign of 1979 238–9
following MT’s election as Prime Minister 245, 248–9
general election of February 1974 138–40, 142, 440
general election of October 1974 147–9, 199
hostility to in Conservative Party 142–4, 149
leadership elections 4, 109–10, 142, 148, 158, 174
MT, relationship with and opinions of each other 63, 66, 83, 109–10, 112, 116, 124, 134–7, 140, 143, 179, 239, 263, 667
and phoney war in Conservative Party (1974) 148–51
policies 116–17
Henderson, Robert 62–3, 67–8
Henderson, Sir Nicholas 339, 355–6, 364–5, 464
Hermes, HMS 324, 327, 334, 373
Heseltine, Michael (later Baron Heseltine) 7, 203, 305, 313, 399, 505–6, 589–90
character 138, 622–3
clash with MT 505–9
Defence Secretary 384, 427, 466–7, 506–9
on Europe 507, 568
as possible successor to MT 613, 621, 638–9, 645–6
leadership election challenge 621–3, 650
‘Tarzan’ nickname 505, 622, 633
Westland crisis (1986) 307, 470, 507–18, 613
Hitler, Adolf 27–8, 242
Hong Kong 286, 321–2, 420–5
Hornsby-Smith, Patricia (later Baroness Hornsby-Smith) 56, 88, 95, 97
Hoskyns, (Sir) John 204, 262, 265, 282, 315–16, 441
and Budget of 1981 309–10, 312
Stepping Stones (1977) 440–2
House of Commons 87, 93
final months of MT as Member 660–3
maiden speeches in 88, 91–2, 94
Private Members’ Bills 87–9, 93, 97
Speakership, misjudgement by MT 391–3, 395
Howe, Elspeth (later Baroness Howe of Idlicote) 309, 411–12, 563–4
Howe, Sir Geoffrey (later Baron Howe of Averavon) 6, 77, 138, 152, 176–7, 179, 204, 329, 344, 385, 411–12, 515, 521, 550, 576–9
Budget of 1981 310–11
Chancellor of the Exchequer 248, 250, 401, 415, 504, 539
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) dispute 540–1, 550–3
exit from government (October 1990) 608–14
Foreign Secretary 398, 401, 424–5, 466, 476, 482, 489–90, 504, 530, 540, 564
as possible successor to MT 563–4, 610
relationship with MT/MT’s views on 6, 182, 251, 299, 254–5, 550–2, 561–5, 609–11, 650
resignation letter 610–12, 614
resignation speech (November 1990) 7, 394–5, 617–21, 643
broken bats analogy 619–20
purpose of destroying MT 618, 620
reactions to 619–20, 650
and Soviet relationship with the West 476, 482, 489–90
Howell, David 249–50, 253, 318, 396, 442
Huntingtower Road Council School 17–19
Hurd, Douglas (later Baron Hurd of Westwell) 521, 553, 601, 604, 606, 625, 628–31, 635–7, 641, 645
Hussein, Saddam 598–600, 632
Illustrious, HMS 361–2, 373
immigration policies 117, 200–1
inflation 116, 138, 146–7, 209–300, 376, 584
Ingham, (Sir) Bernard 136, 266, 268–9, 276, 306–7, 480, 504, 548, 567, 613, 615, 628
Westland crisis (1986) 510, 514–15, 517
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) 118, 207–8
interest rates 318, 547–8, 584, 605
interventionist policies 117, 137, 203, 313
Invincible, HMS 324, 327, 329, 334
IRA (Irish National Liberation Army)
assassination of Gow 419, 595
assassination of Neave 164, 229–30, 407
terrorist attacks by 272, 407, 409–10, 425
Ireland, Republic of, Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985) 415–20, 595
Irish National Liberation Army, assassination of Neave (1979) 164, 229–30
‘Iron Lady’ sobriquet 24, 184, 188, 240, 290, 330, 475, 563
origination of 202
Jakobovits, Immanuel (Chief Rabbi) 475, 679
Jenkin, Patrick (Baron Jenkin of Roding) 77, 250, 254–5, 318, 350, 381, 403–4
Environment Secretary 400, 503
Jewish people
as cabinet ministers 103
in Finchley 80, 83, 102–3, 187
MT’s affection and affinity for 27–8, 83, 102–3
Mühlbauer, Edith 27–8
persecution by Hitler 27–8
Soviet, wishing to emigrate to Israel 482
Johnson, Paul 205, 234, 270
Jopling, Michael (later Baron Jopling), Chief Whip 328, 331, 335, 385, 391, 491, 625
Joseph, Sir Keith (later Baron Joseph) 52, 83, 121, 149, 151–4, 157, 162, 168, 184, 207, 253, 378
and Brighton bomb 411–12
Edgbaston (eugenics) speech (October 1974) 153, 155–6
Industry Secretary 250, 377–8
Jewish background 103, 151
MT, views on/relationship with 95, 109–10, 144–5, 152–3, 502–3, 687
Kaufman, Gerald 131, 135–6, 396
Keays, Sara 390–1, 405
Kent miners 382, 443–4
Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School (KGGS) 31–8
Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven, MT becoming 39, 665, 668
headmistresses, arguments with 34–6
‘Operation Double Shift’ during war years 33, 39
relationship of MT with contemporaries 31–2, 39
return visit of MT as Prime Minister in 1982 37
scholarship to 18–19
war years 28–9
Kimball, Marcus Richard (later Baron Kimball of Easton) 149, 159, 335
King, Tom (later Baron King of Bridgewater) 398–9, 418–19, 615, 638
and Kuwait invasion (1990) 599–600
Kinnock, Neil (Baron Kinnock) 387, 455–7, 516, 524, 531, 550, 603, 605, 609, 614, 632
Kirkpatrick, Jeane 336, 355, 365–6
Kissinger, Henry 137, 197–8, 337
Kitson, (Sir) Timothy 145, 170, 173, 179
Kohl, Helmut 197, 298–9, 384, 591–4, 606, 631, 671
Kuwait invasion (1990), MT’s contribution to Western reaction 598–601
Kuwaiti export order car crisis 672–5
Labour Party 84, 131, 215
economic performance in 1940s 59–60
Falklands War, problems following 382–6
Lib-Lab pact (1977) 199, 209, 223
no confidence debate (March 1979) 224–7, 228–9
and ‘winter of discontent’ see ‘winter of discontent’ (1978–79)
see also specific politicians
Lamb, (Sir) Larry 220–1, 247
Lamont, Norman (later Baron Lamont of Lerwick) 4, 161, 173, 253, 553, 637, 645, 648, 686
Lawson, Nigel (later Baron Lawson of Blaby) 103, 161, 250, 318, 381, 400–4, 442, 472, 506, 521, 530, 538–54, 584
Deutschmark, shadowing 542–6
Exchange Rate Mechanism, clashes with MT over 540–2, 553, 588
Medium Term Financial Strategy (MTFS) 301–2, 401, 539
personality clashes with MT 271, 538–40, 547–9
resignation (October 1989) 395, 586–8
Alan Walters, resentment of 549, 584–5
leaking, practice of 269, 307, 393–4, 443
and Westland crisis 509–11, 513–16
Lennox-Boyd, Sir Mark 517–18, 585
Lever, Harold (Baron Lever of Manchester) 157, 232
Lewin, Sir Terence 326, 345, 347–9, 359, 362
Liberal Party/Liberal Democrats 60, 79, 83–4, 140, 226
Lib-Lab pact (1977) 199, 209, 223
Libya bombing (1986) 470–3
Lincolnshire, as ‘Bomber County’ 29–30
see also Grantham, Lincolnshire
Lloyd, Selwyn (later Baron Selwyn-Lloyd) 96–8, 101, 111, 240–1, 333
local education authorities (LEAs), education policy 121–2, 127, 129
London 16, 410
abolition of GLC and Inner London Education Authority 399, 531
‘Big Bang,’ City of London 404
see also Downing Street (No. 10); Finchley, London
Maastricht Treaty (1992) 662, 664–5
MacGregor, John (Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market) 530, 613, 633, 637, 640
MacGregor, Sir Ian 444–6, 448, 453–4
Macleod, Iain 83, 112–15, 128, 156
Macmillan, Harold (later 1st Earl of Stockton) 84–5, 151, 200, 240, 303, 344, 439, 528
and early policies of MT 89, 97, 103, 108
and leadership contest of 1975 162–3
Macmillan, Maurice (later Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden) 127–8, 159–60
Madrid, European Council Summit Meeting (1989) 551, 573–6
Major, (Sir) John 425, 437, 530, 535, 553, 611, 625, 628, 632, 662
attacks by MT following her retirement 663–8
and Exchange Rate Mechanism 604–5, 607
as successor to MT 583, 645–9
male chauvinism/sex discrimination 36, 52, 87
in Conservative Party 70, 77–8, 81, 86, 88, 124
manifestos, Conservative Party 84, 90, 110, 126, 128, 144, 233, 387, 404
man-management shortcomings of MT
argumentativeness 126–7, 129–30, 236, 264, 278, 501
bullying and aggressive tendencies 3, 6, 25–6, 130, 144, 241, 253–4, 284, 356, 502, 561, 609
confrontational nature 26, 181, 212, 238, 501
not detracting from strength as a great leader 616
as possible contributions to downfall 7, 516–19, 538, 554, 587, 591, 596, 650
reluctance to apologise 218, 232, 241, 502
rudeness and offensiveness traits 26, 37
, 93, 254, 257, 260, 278–9, 285, 291–2, 298, 317, 502, 533, 538, 609, 618
see also under Thatcher, Margaret Hilda (Baroness)
Margadale, John Morrison, 1st Baron 158–9, 280
Maudling, Reginald (Reggie) 105, 109–10, 121, 137
as Shadow Foreign Secretary 179, 202–3
Mayhew, Patrick (later Baron Mayhew of Twysden) 304, 509–10
media, MT’s relations with 90–4, 185, 268, 375, 387, 394
Medium Term Financial Strategy (MTFS) 301–2, 401, 539
memoirs of MT 16, 24–5, 50, 84, 352, 426, 655
The Downing Street Years 653, 659
The Path to Power 659
A Provincial Childhood 25
Methodism
Finkin Street Church, Grantham 22–3, 33
and MT’s upbringing 15, 21–2, 679
of Alfred Roberts 21–4, 28, 680
Wesleyan 22
Meyer, Sir Anthony 589–91, 615, 625
MI5 272–3, 518
Millar, (Sir) Ronald 196–7, 208, 217, 221, 242, 315, 515, 647
and Brighton bomb 411, 413
and election campaign of 1979 230–1, 236, 244–5
as ‘laughing boy’ 211, 213–14, 216, 222
and miners’ dispute 450–1
miners’ strike (1984–85) 382, 439, 443–5, 447, 483
collapse 5, 454–5
see also Scargill, Arthur; trade unions
Ministry of Defence (MoD) 427–8
Heseltine’s statement to regarding Westland crisis 512–13
Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance (MPNI), later Ministry of Social Security and then Department of Heatlh and Social Security 99–100, 155
Mirage aircraft, supply by Dassault to Saudi Arabia 427–9
Mitterrand, François 298, 469, 591–3, 606, 630–1
monetarism 116–18, 146, 152, 161, 301, 378
and Milton Friedman 208, 250
monopolies and mergers 275–6, 403
Montgomery, (Sir) Fergus 139–40, 190
Moore, Charles (biographer) 12, 29, 76, 81, 326, 659, 671
Moore, John (later Baron Moore of Lower Marsh) 45, 161, 185–6, 404, 503, 530, 535, 633
Morley, Betty (later Langan) 12–13, 15, 31, 33
Morrison, (Sir) Peter 160–1, 166, 185, 256, 279–80, 625–8, 633, 636, 654, 660
and leadership contest of 1975 158–9
private income 517–18
and ‘toffs for Thatcher’ splinter group 4, 160
mortgage policy 144, 147, 251
Mount, Sir Ferdinand 385–6, 451
Mountbatten of Burma, Earl 407
Murdoch, Rupert 244, 275–7
Murray, Tricia (biographer) 16, 41, 64
music, MT’s love for 15–16, 43
Nally, Dermot 415–18, 425
National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (NACODS), crisis involving 452–4