On The Map: Why the world looks the way it does
Page 36
Clark, William 353, 425
Clarkson, Jeremy 376n, 382
clay tablets 37–8, 38
Cleomedes 29
Cleopatra 32
Clinton, Bill 378
Cock, Hieronymus 122
Coffman, Ferris La Verne 248
Colby, Thomas 189
Cold War 133, 318
colonial surveys 190–93, 191
Colossus of Rhodes 48
Columbia University 357, 370
Columbus, Christopher 37, 76, 87, 91, 111, 119, 142, 336–37, 374
discovery of the New World 99
first trans-Atlantic voyage (1492) 35, 105–6, 110, 113, 136, 261n
and a flat earth 25
lands in South America 107, 116, 117, 118
and misnaming of America 112, 120
and Polo’s Travels 79
second voyage (1494) 107, 110
third voyage (1498) 107
Compass network 378n
compass points 18, 110, 369, 371
compasses 182, 197, 199, 267, 336–7, 404, 413
comScore 427
Condé Nast Traveller 369
Conformal projection 130
Congo 213, 443
Congo Free State 216, 218
Congo River 210, 216
Conquete du Monde, La (board game) 402
Conrad, Joseph 209–10, 218–19
Constantinople 103
Container Corporation of America 154
Contarini, Giovanni 111–12
contours 198
Cook, Captain James 181, 261, 263, 264, 271
Cooper’s Creek, Australia 236, 237, 239
Copernicus, Nicolaus 130, 389
copper plates 84, 103, 141n, 147, 151, 177
copyright 174, 290, 341
Cordiform projection 127
Coronelli, Vincenzo 338
Cortés, Hernán 105, 121
county surveys 183
Crane, Nicholas 130
Crates of Mallus 34, 259–60
Creation 58, 140, 148
Cretan Labyrinth 46
Crimean War (1853–6) 250
Crocker Nuclear Laboratory 100
Crozet Islands 258
Cuba 107, 111
Curtiz, Michael 314
Cyrene, Libya 25
D&D World of Greyhawk 408
D. Appleton & Co. 304n, 376
D-Day 307, 307
Da Gama, Vasco 105, 110, 260–61, 261n, 425
Da Pisa, Rustichello 76, 78
Da Signa, Boncompagno 84–5
Dabbs, James 371
Dagronia 74
Dalche, Patrick Gautier 69
Dalrymple, Alexander 263
D’Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourgignon 212–14, 213
Dapper, Olfert 365
Darrow, Charles Brace 403
Darwin 239
Davenport, B. Warwick 334, 335
Davis, Irving 95, 97
Davis, J. E. 222
Dawkins, Richard 18, 415–17
Day, Nicole 331, 332, 333
De Cantilupe, St Thomas 54–5
De Gruchy & Leigh’s map of Burke and Wills’ route 235–6, 236, 238
de Hamel, Dr Christopher 42
de la Acensión, Antonio 124
De la Cosa, Juan 116
map of Columbus’s journeys 107–11, 108
De Mosto, Alvise 83
dead reckoning 106, 374, 378, 383
De’Barbari, Jacopo 84, 85
Declaration of Independence (1776) 165
Defoe, Daniel 222
delineators 182
Deller, Jeremy 440
Dexter, Mike 197
Diana, Princess 51
Dias, Bartolomeu 105, 106, 261n
Dickens, Charles 233, 339
Dijkstra, Edsger W. 380n
DiMaggio, Joe 322
Discovery expedition (1901–4) 255–6, 258–9, 273
Discovery space shuttle 375
disease maps 230, 231
Doge’s Palace, Venice 79, 84
Dollond, John 182
Dollond, Peter 182
Don River 49
Donwood, Stanley 440
Doom 406
Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel 338
Dr Strangelove 317, 318
dragons on maps 72–74, 73, 431
Drake, Sir Francis 135–39, 262, 425
Drake Passage 138–39, 272
‘Drogho’ 101n
Drummond, Thomas 189, 190
Dublin 246, 247
Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) 406–8, 407
Dunkirk evacuation 348
Dürer, Albrecht 127
D’Urville, Jules Dumont 268
earth, the
bulges slightly at Equator 29
at centre of the universe 27
circumference 29
curvature of 110, 126, 192, 350
Drake’s circumnavigation 135
dual-hemisphere projection 76
Eratosthenes’s calculations 29, 32, 33
first circumnavigation (1522) 113, 337
flat 24–5, 26, 26
the inhabited world 27–8
as one round planisphere 76
round 24
spherical 25, 27, 126
Strabo’s calculations 33
Earth Platinum Edition 158, 159
East End, London 275, 275, 276, 277–8
East India Company 192
Ebstorf map 67, 68, 69, 73, 74
eco-tourism 309
Eden, Garden of 66, 67, 76n
Edinburgh 311–12
Edney, Matthew 184, 186
Edward I, King 48
Egypt 138, 301
Eighty Years War (1568–1648) 161
Einstein, Albert 410–11, 413, 420
Elcano, Juan Sebastian 137
Elder Scrolls 395, 396
Elizabeth I, Queen 135, 141, 181, 262
Elizabethides 262–63
Ellingham, Mark 310
Endurance expedition (1914–16) 222, 265
English Strait 265
Enlightenment 126
epilepsy 421
Equator, and projections 127
Eratosthenes 34, 192, 391, 409, 425
calculates the earth’s measurements 29, 32, 33
first astrolabe 25
Librarian at Alexandria 25
use of Library scrolls 26–7
world map 27–8, 30
Geographica 25
Erebus (ship) 267
Ericsson (Eiriksson), Leif 91n, 425
‘Estoliland’ 101n
Etak 380n
Euphrates River 33, 38n
Europe
Al-Idrisi’s map 64
Andrea Bianco map 70–71
Erasthenes’s map 28
and GPS 378n
Hereford Mappa Mundi 48, 49
look of Europe transformed 234
Mercator’s map 132
and the Silver Map 137
Europe on $5 a Day 308
Evans, Edgar 271
Evans, Sir Frederick 220
Evans, Lewis 353
Everest, George 190–93
Expositio Mappae Mundi 69–70
Facebook map 15–17
Faraday, Michael 189
Farmville 406
Ferdinand II, King of Castile 106, 119, 142
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain 124
Ferrajoli de Ry, Enzo 90, 94, 95, 97, 98
Festival of Britain map 437
Fields, W. C. 321
Financial Times 345
Finé, Oronce 120, 261, 262
Finke, Leonhard Ludwig 231
First World War 306, 349
Fischer, Josef 101–2, 119n
Fisher, Otto 359
Fitz, Ellen Eliza 340
Fleet River 175
Fleury, France 61
flight trackers 436
Flinders River 237
Florida: first dated map to name Florida 120
Flynn, Errol 321
&n
bsp; Fodor, Eugene 307, 308
Folio Society 53
‘fomites’ 224
Fonda, Henry 320
Fontana, Francisco 389–90
Ford, Richard 300n
forgery 87, 92, 96, 97, 100, 118, 364–5
Forlani, Paolo 143
Forster, E.M. 302–3
Fortunate Isles 66
Foursquare 432
Fowler, Lorenzo Niles and Orson Squire 418, 419, 419
Fowler, William 201
France
Andrea Bianco map 71
and Antarctica 271
Cassini family’s Carte de France 184, 185, 186
French ‘scientific’ school of map-making 151
imperialism in Africa 216
maps of occupied France 394
Michelin guides 306–7
triangulation in 186, 390
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 306
Frederick the Great 184
Friedman, Thomas L. 72
Frisland 138, 141
Frobisher, Sir Martin 139
Frommer, Arthur 307, 308
Fukushima 432
Gable, Clark 320
Gale Ridge 268
Galileo Galilei 387
Galileo network 378n
Gall, Franz Joseph 418
Gall, James 131
Gall-Peters projection 131–2, 132, 133
Gallia 137
Garamantes of Solinus 50
Garmin 318, 376, 380n
gaslight 189, 190
Gastaldi, Giacomo 83–4, 143
Gebirge Kong 207
Geffen, David 323
geocaching 199
geography
coining of the word 26
first scholars 24
geology 260
George III, King 186, 357
George VI, King 347
Germany
the Blaeu Atlas Maior on 148
imperialism in Africa 216
magnetic science 266
Mercator’s map 132–3
Monopoly in 405n
role in revival of Ptolemy 146
Gerry, Elbridge 165, 166
Gerrymander 165–6, 166
Gervase of Tilbury 69
Getty, Paul 45
Gibbs Island 265
Giorgione 85
Gladwell, Malcolm (‘Timothy Nation’) 369–70
Glastonbury Festival 439
Globe, London 170
globes 14
‘All States in the Union’ 340
Behaim’s globe 113
Churchill’s globe 327–36, 347
eastern hemisphere 119
Erdapfel 336–8, 337
craze for collectors 104
first successful commercial American globemaker 340
Lenox Globe 73–4
manufacture and sale of 339–40
maps and styles of globes 338–9
miniature 336
Patrick Moore’s globes 385, 386
Glockenthon, Georg Albrecht 337–8
Glonass network 378n
Gnomic projection 127
gnomon 29, 192
Goddijn, Harold 380–83, 381
Goebbels, Joseph 405n
Gog and Magog 67
Golden Fleece 46, 69, 143
Golden Hind (ship) 262
Goldfinger (film) 318
Gondwana 260
Google 131, 383
and Apple 434–5
buys Google Earth software 429
internal mapping 425–6
Liquid Galaxy map wall 425, 426
McClendon’s ambition 427–8
and privacy issues 432–3
Google Earth 17, 425, 427–30
Google Maps 126, 134, 310, 344, 376, 424, 425, 427, 428, 430–7
Google Scholar 428
Google Sky 427
Google Street View 433
Googleplex, Mountain View, California 424, 425, 426, 433, 443
Goos, Abraham 122
Gosse, William 239
Gould, Rupert 222
Gowrie, Lord 42, 43, 44, 45, 52
GPS (Global Positioning System) 19, 186, 197, 199, 374–84
advanced trilateration 374
arrival of in-car digital mapping 379
commercialisation of US Navy’s ‘Transit’ system 379
Dutch dominance of the new digital mapping world 379–80
and large sheet maps 377–8
loss of 375
and OpenStreetMap 442
principles of 378–9
privacy issue 432
start of 378
TomTom Go Live 1005 World 375–6
and US 378n
when it fails 376–7, 377 see also sat navs
Grand Forks, North Dakota test 368
Grand Theft Auto 4 (GTA4) 397–98
Grand Tour of Europe 298
Graphical User Interface 416
graticule 13, 39, 127
Gray, Charles 237, 238, 239
Great Bear map 292, 437
Great Fire of London (1666) 171, 173, 174, 179, 180, 230
Great Ice Barrier 258, 268, 314n
Great Lakes 123, 248
Great Library of
Alexandria 38, 43, 425
destruction by fire (48 BC) 32
Eratosthenes’s calculations 29
first accomplished maps of the world 23–4
fragmentary information about world 25
legacy of Alexander the Great 23
Library scrolls 22, 26–7
proto-map of the world 24
Ptolemy’s atlas 34–5, 36, 37
the world’s first university 23
Great Meridional Arc 192
Great Plague (1665) 229, 230
Great Trigonometrical
Survey of India 191–2, 191, 193
Great Wall of China 67
Great White Silence, The (film) 314n
Greaves & Thomas 344
Greco-Persian wars 24
Greco-Roman empire 37
Green, Robert 171
Greenland
the Blaeu Atlas Maior on 148
first printed world map to show Greenland 105
Mercator’s map 126, 132
shown as an island for first time 261, 262
Vinland Map 93, 93
Greenwich, London 277, 339
Greenwich Island 265
Greenwich Observatory, London 186, 391n
grid north 198
Guanahani, Bahamas 107, 111
guidebooks 297–310
Baedekers 301, 303–4, 303, 305
Blue Guides 304, 306
criticism of 302–3
Murrays 298–304, 301
Fodor and Frommer 307–9
Lonely Planet and Rough Guides 308–10, 309
and spread of railways 301
Guinness Book of World Records 151, 159
Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia 235, 236, 237
Gulf of Guinea 207, 208
Gulf of Mexico 120, 248
Gunter’s chains 182, 183
Gurney, Goldsworthy 190
Gutenberg Bible 99, 101, 359
Gutierrez, Diego 121
Gygax, Gary 408
Gymnasium Vosagense 113
gyroscopes 373, 379
Hakluyt, Richard 136
Halley, Edmund 131, 170
Hamilton, Captain R.V. 221–2
Handbook to India, Burma and Ceylon (Murray) 301
Harbour, Dominic 55, 56
Harcourt, Rev W. Vernon 267
Harold, King 39
Harrison, John 106n
Harrison, Richard Edes 350, 351, 351
Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban (film) 318–20, 319
Hartman, Phil 322
Harvard University 360
Harvey, Miles 364
Hastings, Battle of (1066) 39
Haynes, Very Reverend Peter, Dean of Hereford 42–3, 44, 51, 52
Hecataeus of Miletus 26
Helluland 93
Hendrik van Loon’s Wide World 402
Heng, Chang 81
Henry III, King 60
Henry VII, King 83
Henry the Navigator 337
‘Here Be Dragons’ map myth 72, 73, 73, 74
Hereford Cathedral 42–3, 45, 51–2, 75
Chained Library 45, 52, 56
Hereford Mappa Mundi 42–58, 47, 48, 53, 62, 63, 67, 69, 70, 75, 112, 298, 333
anomalies on 48
dating of 48
described 43–4, 46–50, 57
facsimiles of 52–3
am 52
proposed sale of 42–3, 44, 45, 53
resurgence in academic study of 53–5
sources 46
a T-O map 49
Hero (boat) 264
Herodotus 24–5, 211
Herschel, Sir John 266
Herschel II Strait, Mars 391
Hill, Sir Rowland 201–2, 202, 203
hippocampus 412–14, 421
Hippocrates 231
Hippodamus 26
Hispaniola 107
Historia General 122
Hitler, Adolf 303, 329
Hoces, Francisco de 137n
Hodgson, Thomas 258
Hollar, Wenceslaus 172
Holy Land 78
and Madaba map 39
Holzer, Jenny 440
Homann, Johann Baptist 338
Home, Gordon 256
Homer 23, 24, 25, 34, 103
Hondius, Henricus 147
Hondius, Jodocus 141n, 211, 261, 353
Hondius dynasty 151
Hooke, Robert 179
Hope, Bon 320
Hounslow Heath 187
Housego, Fred 413
Howitt, Alfred 238
Hsiu, P’ei 81
Hsuang-Tsang 65
Hudson Strait 139
Human Connectome Project 422–3
human genome 422