The Betrayal of Mary, Queen of Scots
Page 48
Howard, Jane, 265
Howard, Margaret, Lady Scrope, 240, 243
Howard, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, 59, 60
Howard, Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk, 94, 128, 242
and Darnley’s murder inquiry, 242–3, 244, 248–50
arrest and execution, 272–3, 325
imprisonment, 266
relationship with Mary, 242–3, 267–8
release from prison, 270
Hubert, Nicholas, 174, 257, 266
Huguenots, 94, 114, 236, 277
Hunsdon House, Hertfordshire, 62
Huntingdon, Earl of, see Hastings, Henry, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon
Huntly, Earl of (1514–62), see Gordon, George, 4th Earl of Huntly
Huntly, Earl of (1534–76), see Gordon, George, 5th Earl of Huntly
Inchmahome, prior of, 33, 37
Inverness Castle, 117
Ireland, 12–13
Isabella of Castile, 65
Islington, 283–4
Ivan VI, Tsar of Russia 18
James I and VI, King of England and Scotland, 21, 167, 168, 192, 197, 204, 209, 212, 231, 246, 252–3, 267, 270, 340, 341
and death of mother, 336
and Elizabeth I, 295–6, 336
as King of Scotland, 282–3, 287–8, 319
becomes King of England, 339–40
birth, 163–4
christening, 170–1
coronation, 218
kidnapped by the lords, 288
regents, 141, 166, 168, 169, 218, 221, 226, 241, 259, 269–70
relationship with mother, 282–3, 288, 295, 306, 319
James II, King of Scotland, 22
James III, King of Scotland, 22
James IV, King of Scotland, 68, 107
James V, King of Scotland, 7, 20, 21–2, 33, 34, 107, 109, 111
and Sir James Hamilton of Finnart, 16
death, 18
funeral, 21–2
marriage to Mary of Guise, 14–17
James, Duke of Rothesay, 15–16
Jedbergh, Scotland, 166
John I, King of France, 18
Julian of Norwich, 19
Keith, Lady Agnes, 115, 212, 214, 221, 269, 282
Kenilworth Palace, 282
Kennedy, Gilbert, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, 38
Kennedy, Jane, 267, 311, 329, 330–3, 335
Kent, Earl of, see Grey, Henry, 6th Earl of Kent
Ker, Andrew, 155, 159–60, 164, 166, 171–2, 195
Kildare family, Ireland, 12
Killigrew, Henry, 164, 186
Kirk o’Field, Scotland, 173–4, 175–6
Kirkcaldy of Grange, William, 22, 226–7, 278
Knightley, Sir Richard, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, 331, 332, 334
Knollys, Lettice, 282, 294
Knollys, Sir Francis, 47, 233–4, 240–1, 249, 260–1
Knox, John, 38–9, 89–92, 94, 103, 109, 110, 115–16, 118, 135–6, 137, 138, 144, 146, 160, 198, 213, 313
Lamb, William, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, 341
Lamentations of a Sinner, The (Parr), 19
Langside, Battle of (1568), 226–7
Latimer, Baron, see Neville, John, 3rd Baron Latimer
Leicester, Earl of, see Dudley, Robert, 1st Earl of Leicester
Leith, Scotland, 27, 32, 90, 93–5, 106, 110
Lennox, Countess of, see Douglas, Margaret, Countess of Lennox
Lennox, Duke of (1542–83), see Stewart, Esmé, 1st Duke of Lennox
Lennox, Earl of (1516–71), see Stewart, Matthew, 4th Earl of Lennox
Lennox, Matthew, 92
Lennox family, 171
Leslie, John, Bishop of Ross, 102, 163, 201, 235, 254–5, 257–9, 265, 271, 272, 275, 281
Lindsay, Patrick, 6th Lord Lindsay, 152, 156, 206, 210, 213, 218, 222, 239
Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, 17, 20, 23, 24, 189, 192
Livingston, Alexander, 5th Lord Livingston, 33, 34
Livingston, Lady, see Fleming, Agnes, Lady Livingston
Livingston, Mary, 33–4, 108–9, 144, 210
Livingstone, William, 6th Lord Livingston, 267
Lochleven Castle, 210–11, 213–14, 217, 218, 224, 226, 238, 239, 240, 248, 257, 269, 297
Lords of the Congregation, 93–5, 97
Lorraine, Cardinal of, see Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
Louis I, Cardinal of Guise, 94, 96, 105
Louis II d’Orléans, Duke of Longueville, 15
Louis XVI, King of France, 341
Louis, Prince of France, 40
Louise of Savoy, 29–30
Louvre, Palais du, Paris, 9–10
Lowther, Richard, 230
Madeleine of Valois, 14, 15, 21
Maitland of Lethington, William, 93, 109, 178, 189–90, 192, 208, 209, 220
and Bothwell, 200, 204
and ‘casket letters’, 216, 248, 256
and Darnley’s murder, 167–9, 180–1, 186, 206, 208–9, 223, 233–4
and Mary Fleming, 144, 171
and Norfolk, 242–3
as ambassador to Elizabeth I, 109, 112, 139, 145–6
Mar, Countess of, see Murray, Annabella, Countess of Mar
Mar, Earl of, see Erskine, John, Earl of Mar
Margaret of Austria, 29
Margaret of France, Duchess of Savoy, 91
Mary of Guise, 12, 19, 20, 21, 30–1, 33–5, 37–9, 40, 41, 42, 75, 85, 89–90, 93–5, 97–8, 106, 109–10, 141, 228–9
and Henry VIII, 24, 26
and the Earl of Arran, 23–5, 27–8
as regent, 10, 38–9, 88, 94, 109, 111
death, 95, 96, 100
gives birth to Mary, 17
marriage to James V, 14–17
treaty with Scottish lords, 87, 89, 92–3
visits Mary in France, 37–8
Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway, 17–18
Margaret of Valois, 40, 102
Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, 68, 101, 107
Margaret, Maid of Norway, 17–18
Maria, Princess of Portugal, 101
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 341
Marlowe, Christopher, 303
Mary I, Queen of England, 12–13, 38, 42, 50, 54–8, 75–8, 79–83, 297
1535: death of mother, 57–8
1553: death of brother, 77; accession, 44–5, 78; coronation, 79
1554: Wyatt Rebellion, 80–1; marriage to Philip II, 45–6, 80, 82, 83; phantom pregnancy, 83, 84
1558: death, 44, 46, 85–6, 87; funeral, 119
and Catholicism, 75, 80, 83
relationship with Elizabeth I, 45–6, 54–5, 79–83, 119
relationship with Henry VIII, 54–5, 63
Mary, Queen of Scots, 5–6, 67–8, 76–8, 340–4
1542: birth, 17–18; death of James V, 18; accession, 7; coronation, 25
1543: betrothal to Edward VI, 24–5, 26
1548: sent to France, 30–1, 32–5
1558: signs secret documents for Henry II, 11–12; marriage to Francis II, 8–11, 42–3, 89; declared Queen of England and Ireland, 85–8
1559: death of Henry II, 91; becomes Queen of France, 92–3; Lords of the Congregation uprising, 93–5
1560: death of mother, 96; Treaty of Edinburgh, 96–7, 102, 103–4; death of Francis II, 98–100; loses position of Queen of France, 101–4
1561: returns to Scotland, 105–9; requests meeting with Elizabeth, 112
1562: meeting with Elizabeth postponed, 114–15; Hamilton and Bothwell plot, 116–18; Chastelard incident, 117
1563: Elizabeth lays down terms of Mary’s marriage, 137–42
1564: employs David Rizzio as secretary, 143
1565: meets and marries Lord Darnley, 143–7, 148–9; Chaseabout Raid, 149; falls pregnant, 150
1566: murder of Rizzio, 154–6; kept prisoner in Edinburgh, 156–8, escapes to Dunbar, 159; returns to Edinburgh, 159; gives birth to James, 163–5; christening, 170–1; forgives Rizzio conspirators, 171
1567: learns of Darnley’s plot, 172; m
urder of Darnley, 173–4, 175–85; rumours of affair with Bothwell and involvement in Darnley’s murder, 185, 186–9; sham trial of Bothwell, 189–90; refuses Bothwell’s proposal, 191–2; kidnap and rape by Bothwell, 193–9; marries Bothwell, 198–9, 200–1; falls pregnant, 202; flees to Borthwick Castle, 204–5; rides to Carberry Hill with Bothwell, 205–6; taken prisoner, 207, 208–10; imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, 211–15; discovery of ‘casket letters’, 216, 217, 223; miscarries, 217–18; forced to abdicate, 218–19; agrees to Moray’s regency, 221; accused of Darnley’s murder, 222–3
1568: escapes from Lochleven, 223–5; raises army against Moray, 226; loses Battle of Langside, 226–7; flees to England, 227–30; asks Elizabeth for help, 227–9; held in Carlisle Castle, 230; accused of Darnley’s murder, 236–7; writes to Elizabeth again, 238–9; moved to Bolton Castle, 240–1; agrees to Elizabeth’s terms for her restoration, 241–2; Darnley’s murder inquiry in York, 242–3, 244–50; begins divorce from Bothwell, 249; Duke of Norfolk proposes, 251; Moray accuses Mary of murder, 252; inquiry convenes in London, 252–4
1569: moved to Tutbury Castle, 260–3; moved to Sheffield Castle, 263–7; Northern Rebellion, 267–8; moved to Coventry, 268
1570: assassination of Moray, 269; visit from Cecil, 271–2
1571: Ridolfi plot discovered, 272–3
1572: trial and execution of Norfolk, 273; Elizabeth refuses to condemn Mary, 276–7; plan for Mary to marry Don John of Austria, 276; St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 277
1573: Edinburgh Castle falls to Protestant lords, 278; falls ill, 278–90; visits Buxton spa, 280; Nau appointed as secretary, 281
1574: health declines, 281–2
1575: forbidden to communicate with son, 282–3
1578: death of Bothwell, 284
1581: Morton executed, 287
1582: death of Don John, 284; health further declines, 286
1584: accused of relationship with Talbot, 291; moved back to Tutbury, 292–3; ‘Bond of Association’ created, 294–5
1585: ‘Act for the Queen’s safety’ passed, 295; James informs her that she will never be queen again, 295; moved to Chartley Hall, 297; Mary’s secret letters to France and Spain intercepted, 297–10
1586: implicated in Babington plot, 300–3; arrested, 302–3, 304; money seized, 305; Babington conspirators executed, 306; imprisoned in Fotheringhay Castle, 306–17; put on trial, 308–10, 311–17; refuses to confess, 318–19; pronounced guilty of treason, 321; writes to Elizabeth about her death, 322
1587: Elizabeth signs death warrant, 323–5; learns of sentence, 327–8; writes will and final letters, 329–30; execution, 331–4; burial, 337
1621: reburied in Westminster Abbey, 340
and needlework, 37, 65, 264, 279–80
appearance and character, 8–9, 35–7, 40–1, 43, 88, 143, 200, 278–9, 331
at French court, 35–41
Book of Hours, 37, 240, 260, 265, 344
clothing and jewels, 8–9, 36, 40–1, 44, 105, 108, 114, 138, 221, 225, 226–7, 239, 251, 263–4, 269–70, 282, 331, 333–4
ill health, 41, 88, 103, 115, 143, 159, 165–6, 177, 187, 192, 202, 261, 278–80, 286, 290–3, 305
infancy, 19–20
marriage prospects, 11, 24–5, 26, 30, 42, 101–3, 118, 137–42, 242–3, 249, 268, 276–7, 284
regency, 22–5
relationship with Duke of Norfolk, 251, 266, 270
relationship with Earl of Bothwell, 97–8, 118, 130, 165–6, 172, 184–5, 187–2, 193–203, 214–15, 237, 249, 265, 270–1, 277
relationship with Elizabeth I, 49, 93, 112, 114–16, 137–41, 167–8, 228–30, 234–5, 241–2, 260–2, 279, 291
relationship with son James, 282–3, 288, 295, 306, 319
relationship with Lord Darnley, 143–7, 151, 156–60, 162–74, 246–8
relationship with Lord Dudley, 139–40
relationship with the dauphin, 36, 40
religion, 109–10
Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran, 22
Mary Tudor, Queen of France, 68, 76
Matilda, Holy Roman Empress, 12, 45
Maxwell, John, 4th Baron Herries, 229, 235, 254–5, 257–9
Maxwell, Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell, 16
de’ Medici, Catherine, 8, 30, 41, 91–3, 265, 275
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 9, 39–40, 41, 103, 118, 137–8, 150, 165, 170, 181, 186, 201, 204, 227, 265
as regent, 100, 101–2
children, 24, 26, 36, 39, 40
Melbourne, Lord, see Lamb, William, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
Melville, Elizabeth, 19
Melville, Robert, 1st Lord Melville, 197
Melville, Sir James, 140–3, 149, 153, 163–4, 180, 192, 193, 195, 203–4, 211, 226, 277, 311, 322, 332, 335
de Mendoza, Don Bernadino, 290, 300–1
Mertine, Mrs, 176, 179, 182
Mildmay, Sir Walter, 3–4, 325
Montgomerie, Hugh, 3rd Earl of Eglinton, 106
Montmorency family, 88, 92
Moray, Earl of, see Stewart, James, 1st Earl of Moray
More Castle, Hertfordshire, 49
More, Sir Thomas, 19
Morgan, Thomas, 298
Morlaix, France, 34
Morton, Earl of, see Douglas, James, 4th Earl of Morton
Murray, Annabella, Countess of Mar, 267
Murray, James, 186
Nau de la Boisseliere, Claude, 171, 281–2, 298, 299, 301, 303, 304, 306, 313–14, 316
Nelson, Thomas, 179–80
Neville, Charles, 6th Earl of Westmorland, 265–8
Neville, John, 3rd Baron Latimer, 71
Newbattle Abbey, Scotland, 27
Norfolk, Duchess of, see Howard, Agnes, Duchess of Norfolk
Norfolk, Duke of (1473–1554), see Howard, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Norfolk, Duke of (1536–72), see Howard, Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Norris, Sir Henry, 59–60
Northamptonshire, Sheriff of, see Knightley, Sir Richard, Sheriff of Northamptonshire
Northern Rebellion (1569), 272–3, 274, 275
Northumberland, Earl of, see Percy, Thomas, 7th Earl of Northumberland
Notre-Dame cathedral, Paris, 8, 15, 89, 91, 336
Ogilvie of Boyne, Alexander, 151–2, 184
Ogilvy, Marion, 21
Oglethorpe, Owen, Bishop of Carlisle, 122–3
Orkney, Bishop of, see Bothwell, Adam, Bishop of Orkney
Page, Richard, 60
Paget, Charles, 298–9
Paget, Sir William, 298
Pagez, Bastian, 174, 200, 215, 267
de Parois, Mme, 40–1
Parr, Katherine, Queen of England, 19, 47, 66–7, 69–72, 129
Parr, William, 47
Parry, Thomas, 74–5, 83, 84
Paulet, Sir Amyas, 293–4, 297–300, 302–3, 304–5, 307–10, 316, 319–22, 324–5, 327, 330
Paulet, William, 1st Marquess of Winchester, 81
Pavia, Battle of (1525), 29
Peel, Sir Robert, 341
Pembroke, Earl of, see Herbert, William, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Percy, Thomas, 7th Earl of Northumberland, 265–8
Perth, Scotland, 90
Peterborough, Dean of, see Fletcher, Richard, Dean of Peterborough
Peterborough Cathedral, 337
Phelippes, Thomas, 299, 302, 306, 312
Philibert, Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, 91, 164
Philip II, King of Spain, 89, 91, 93, 129, 134, 231, 236, 270, 276–7, 288
and death of Mary, Queen of Scots, 337
and Elizabeth I, 120, 124–5, 126
and Mary I, 13, 45–6, 82–5
and Mary, Queen of Scots, 100, 101, 102, 103, 118, 149, 184, 265, 266, 294, 298
and war with England, 337–8
Pickering, Sir William, 130
Picto (maid to Amy Robsart), 132–3
Pinkie Cleugh, Battle of (1547), 30, 34
Pius IV, Pope, 151
Pius V, Pope, 151, 268–9, 270, 277
&
nbsp; Poissy, France, 35
de Poitiers, Diane, 8, 30, 35, 36, 39, 41–2, 88, 91–2, 100, 107
Pole, Margaret, 3
Pole, Reginald, Archbishop of Canterbury, 119, 122
Poley, Robert, 303
porphyria, 167, 286
de Preau (Mary’s chaplain), 330
Protestantism 21, 27–8, 39, 89–91, 102, 103, 123, 236, 241, 277, 288
Reformation, 20–1, 89, 153, 342–3
de Quadra, Álvaro, 131, 134–5, 169
Radclyffe, Thomas, 3rd Earl of Sussex, 81, 242, 249
Randolph, Thomas, 116, 139, 141, 145, 150–1
rape, 193–7, 198, 201, 202, 219
Raullet, Pierre, 143
Reformation, 20–1, 89, 153, 342–3
Renée of Guise, 297
Revelations of Divine Love (Julian of Norwich), 19
Ridolfi, Roberto, 270, 272, 274–5
Ridolfi plot (1571), 272–3, 274–6, 284, 287, 323
Rizzio, David, 143, 149, 151–3, 154–61, 170, 187
Rizzio, Joseph, 160, 162, 165, 187
Robert the Bruce, 7
Robert, Duke of Albany, 15
Robsart, Amy, 76, 128, 131–5, 139, 179, 294
Rogers, John, 83
Rokesby, Christopher, 162, 265
Roper, Margaret, 19
‘Rough Wooing’, 26
Russell, Francis, 2nd Earl of Bedford, 102, 192, 202
Russell, John, 1st Earl of Bedford, 70, 73–4
Ruthven, Patrick, 3rd Lord Ruthven, 152, 153, 154–8, 159–60, 210, 213, 214
Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst, 320
Sadler, Sir Ralph, 242, 261, 292–3
St Andrews, Scotland, 15, 28
St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572), 277
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, 34, 35
Sampford Courtney, Battle of (1549), 70
Sandys, Edwin, Bishop of London, 277
Savoy, Duke of, see Philibert, Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy
Scota, Princess of Egypt, 7
Scotland, 12–13
and monarchy, 20
and the Church, 21–2
Reformation, 97, 104, 106, 108–9
regency, 22–5
the role of women in, 19, 194
Scott, Sir Walter, 26
Scrope, Henry, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton, 240
Scrope, Lady, see Howard, Margaret, Lady Scrope
Scudamore, John, 302–3
Seton, George, 7th Lord Seton, 224, 227
Seton, Mary, 33–4, 108, 163, 210, 213, 216, 221, 224, 240, 263–4, 267, 278, 282, 297
Seymour, Edward, 1st Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp, 27, 29, 30, 32, 64, 69–71, 75–6, 77
Seymour, Edward, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Baron Beauchamp, 113