A Brief History of the Tudor Age

by Ridley, Jasper

  6. Exeter, Bristol, Monmouth, Hereford, Ross, Bridgnorth, Bewdley, Gloucester, Worcester, Chester, Nantwich, Newcastle, Alcester, Stafford, Lichfield, Coventry, York, Beverley, Richmond, Derby, Leicester, Nottingham, Shrewsbury, Wellington, Southampton and Canterbury.

  7. It was almost unknown in the sixteenth century for any Englishman or woman to have more than one Christian name.

  8. The Act, after enacting that no landowner shall own more than 2,000 sheep, stated that whereas in some parts of England ‘a hundred’ means a greater hundred of six score, i.e. 120, and in other parts a lesser hundred of five score, this figure of 2,000 was to be interpreted as twenty of the greater hundred, with six score in each hundred.

  9. A light meal eaten during the afternoon.

  10. After the conquest of Calais in 1347, most of the French population left, and by the sixteenth century nearly all the inhabitants of Calais were the descendants of English settlers.

  11. Elyot was writing in 1541, when the Julian calendar was in force throughout Western and Central Europe. It was ten days behind our modern Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in the Catholic countries in 1582 but not in England till 1752. The dates which Elyot gives for the duration of the seasons are, in terms of our calendar, 18 November, 18 February, 18 May and 18 August.

  12. See the statutes, respectively, of 1536, 1543, 1539, 1542, 1543 and 1585.

  13. An Act of 1495 made all usury illegal, and enacted that if anyone lent money at interest he was to forfeit the sum that he had lent. An Act of 1545 made it lawful to charge interest provided that the rate did not exceed ten per cent; if the moneylender asked for a higher rate of interest, he was to forfeit three times the sum lent and be imprisoned during the King’s pleasure. The Act of 1545 was repealed in 1552 by a statute which again made all usury illegal; but the Act of 1545 was re-enacted in 1571.

  14. This is a slightly inaccurate account of the death of the Eastern Roman Emperor, Basil the Macedonian, who was pulled off his horse by a stag that he was hunting, and died of the fall, in 886.

  15. The thirtieth year of Henry VIII’s reign, which began on 21 April 1538.

  16. The date 1550 given in the official records and contemporary diaries, and on the commemorative plaque on Arden’s house at Faversham, is the date by the Old Style calendar, by which the year began on 25 March.

  INDEX

  Aachen (town) ref 1

  abbots ref 1, ref 2

  ABC Schools ref 1

  Abdullah Kahn, King of Khiva ref 1

  abiding places see workhouses

  Abingdon (town) ref 1, ref 2

  actors see players

  Agincourt, Battle of ref 1, ref 2

  Alarum for London (play) ref 1

  Alcester (Warwickshire) ref 1n

  Aldington (Kent) ref 1, ref 2

  ale, drinking of ref 1

  Alençon see Anjou

  Aleppo (town) ref 1

  Alfold (Surrey) ref 1

  All’s Well that ends Well (play) ref 1

  almsgiving see poor relief

  Alnwick (town) ref 1, ref 2

  Alsace (province of) ref 1

  Alva, Ferdinand de Toledo, Duke of ref 1

  Ambleteuse (town) ref 1

  Ampthill (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Anabaptists ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Andover (town) ref 1

  Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of ref 1, ref 2

  Anjou, Francis, Duke of (formerly Duke of Alençon) ref 1, ref 2

  Anne Boleyn, Queen of England ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Anne of Cleves, Queen of England ref 1, ref 2

  Anne of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England ref 1

  Anne, Queen of England (1665–1714) ref 1

  Anselm, St, Archbishop of Canterbury ref 1

  Antonio Toto dell’Annunziata ref 1

  Antwerp (city) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Appleby (town) ref 1

  Aquinas, Thomas ref 1

  Archangel (town) see St Nicholas

  archery (archers, bowmen, longbows) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Arden, Alice ref 1

  Arden of Faversham (play) ref 1

  Arden, John ref 1

  Arden, Thomas ref 1, ref 2n

  Ardres (town) ref 1

  Arians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Aristotle ref 1

  Arius ref 1

  Ark Raleigh see Ark Royal

  Ark Royal (ship) ref 1, ref 2

  Arlingham (Gloucestershire) ref 1

  Armada, the Spanish ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  armour, in wars and tournaments ref 1, ref 2

  arquebus (weapon) ref 1

  arson (crime) ref 1

  Arthur, Prince of Wales ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, 10th Earl of ref 1

  Arundel, Philip Howard, 1st Earl of ref 1

  As You Like It (play) ref 1

  Ascham, Roger ref 1

  Ashburton (Devon) ref 1

  Askew, Anne ref 1

  Astrakhan (city) ref 1, ref 2

  Atherstone (Warwickshire) ref 1

  Audley End (Essex) ref 1

  Augustine, St ref 1

  Aust (Gloucestershire) ref 1

  Aylmer, John, Bishop of London ref 1

  Azores (sea-battle, 1591) ref 1

  Babington, Anthony ref 1

  Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St Albans ref 1

  Baffin Bay ref 1

  Baldwin (Dutch brickmaker) ref 1

  Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory ref 1, ref 2

  Ball, John ref 1

  Bamborough Castle ref 1

  Bangor, diocese of ref 1

  Bangor Use ref 1

  banquets ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  barbers ref 1, ref 2

  barges, travel by ref 1

  Barham Down (Kent) ref 1

  Barlborough Hall ref 1

  Barnard Castle (town) ref 1

  Barnes, Robert ref 1

  Barnes, Sir George, Lord Mayor of London ref 1

  Barnwell Priory ref 1

  barristers-at-law ref 1

  Basil I, the Macedonian, Eastern Roman Emperor ref 1, ref 2n

  Basingstoke (town) ref 1

  Baskerville, Geoffrey ref 1

  Basle (city) ref 1, ref 2

  Bath (town) ref 1

  Bath and Wells, diocese ref 1

  Bayham Abbey ref 1

  Baynards Castle (London) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Beakesbourne (Kent) ref 1

  bear-baiting ref 1

  beards ref 1

  Beaufort, Lady Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby ref 1, ref 2

  Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury (St Thomas of Canterbury) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bedford, Jasper Tudor, Duke of ref 1

  Bedford, John Russell, Earl of (formerly Lord Russell) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  beer, drinking of ref 1, ref 2

  Bell Savage Inn, Ludgate ref 1

  Bellay, Jean du, Cardinal, French Ambassador in London ref 1, ref 2

  benefit of clergy ref 1

  Bergama (Pergamum) (city) ref 1

  Berkshire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Bernard College, Oxford ref 1, ref 2

  Berwick-on-Tweed (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Berwickshire ref 1

  Beverley (town) ref 1, ref 2n

  Bewdley (town) ref 1n

  Bible, the ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Bible, the Geneva (1560) ref 1

  Bill, William ref 1

  Birmingham (town) ref 1

  Birtsmorton Court ref 1

  Bishop Auckland (town) ref 1

  bishops ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Black Death, the ref 1

  Blackfriars Inn (London) ref 1

  Blackheath (Kent) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  black
mail (crime of) ref 1

  Blackness (fort) ref 1

  Blackwall (Essex) ref 1

  Blenheim Palace, Woodstock ref 1

  blood-letting ref 1

  Blount, Elizabeth (later Lady Talboys) ref 1

  Bocardo prison, Oxford ref 1

  Bocking (Essex) ref 1

  Bodmin (town) ref 1

  Bokhara (city) ref 1

  Boleyn, Anne see Anne Boleyn

  Boleyn, Mary (later Lady Carey) ref 1

  Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  bonnets see hats

  Border, the (between England and Scotland) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Boris Gudunov, Tsar of Russia ref 1

  Bosworth, Battle of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Boulogne (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Bourchier, Thomas, Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury ref 1

  Bourn, Gilbert ref 1

  Bourne (town) ref 1

  bowls (game) ref 1, ref 2

  bowmen see archery

  Bowyer, Sir William, Lord Mayor of London ref 1

  Boxstead (Essex) ref 1

  Bradford, John ref 1

  Brandenburg, Joachim I, Marquis of ref 1

  Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, Abbé de ref 1

  Brasenose College, Oxford ref 1, ref 2

  Brazil ref 1, ref 2

  breeches, wearing of ref 1

  Brenchley Manor ref 1

  brick, building in ref 1, ref 2

  Bridewell Palace, London ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bridgnorth (town) ref 1, ref 2n

  Brighton (town) ref 1

  Brinkelow, Henry ref 1

  Bristol, diocese of ref 1

  Bristol (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6

  Brittany (duchy) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Brittany, Francis II, Duke of ref 1, ref 2

  Bruges (town) ref 1

  Buckingham College, Cambridge ref 1

  Buckingham, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of ref 1

  Buckingham, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of ref 1

  Buckinghamshire ref 1

  Bude (town) ref 1

  builders, in the building trade ref 1

  Bull Theatre, London ref 1

  Bullinger, Henry ref 1

  Bulmer, Lady (Margaret Cheyney) ref 1

  Burbage, James ref 1

  Burbage, Richard ref 1

  Burghley House ref 1

  Burghley, William Cecil, Lord ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Burnham (Berkshire) ref 1

  Bury St Edmunds (town) ref 1

  Bushell, Dr ref 1

  butchers, slaughterhouses ref 1

  Butts, Sir William ref 1

  Buxton (town) ref 1

  Byrd, William ref 1

  Cabot, John ref 1

  Cabot, Sebastian ref 1, ref 2

  Cade, Jack ref 1

  Cadiz (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Caerleon (town) ref 1

  Caesar, Caius Julius ref 1

  Caesarean operation ref 1

  Caius, John ref 1

  Calais, town and Marches of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15

  calendar, Julian and Gregorian ref 1, ref 2n, ref 3n

  Cambridge (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Cambridge University ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Cambridgeshire ref 1, ref 2

  cannons ref 1, ref 2

  canon law and lawyers (canonists) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  canonical hours ref 1

  Canterbury Cathedral ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  see also Christ Church Priory

  Canterbury, diocese of ref 1

  Canterbury (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6n, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Cape of Good Hope ref 1, ref 2

  Cape Horn ref 1

  caps see hats

  Cardiff (town) ref 1, ref 2

  Cardigan Bay ref 1

  Cardinal College see Christ Church, Oxford

  cards (game) ref 1, ref 2

  Carey, Sir Robert ref 1

  Caribbean Sea ref 1

  Carlisle, diocese of ref 1, ref 2

  Carlisle (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Carmarthen (town) ref 1, ref 2

  Carré, Jean ref 1

  Cartagena (city) ref 1

  cathedrals, building of ref 1

  Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20

  Catherine de Valois see Katherine of Valois, Queen of England

  Catholics (Catholic faction at court) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16

  Catterick Bridge ref 1

  cavalry, in war ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Cavendish, George ref 1

  Cavendish, Thomas ref 1

  Cawood (Yorkshire) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Caxton, William ref 1

  Cecil House (Drury Lane) ref 1, ref 2

  Cecil, Sir Robert (later Earl of Salisbury) ref 1, ref 2

  Cecil, Sir William see Burghley

  Celling, William see Tully

  cent (card game) ref 1

  chairs (furniture) ref 1

  Champernown, John ref 1

  Chancellor, Richard ref 1

  Chapuys, Eustace ref 1, ref 2

  Charing (Kent) ref 1, ref 2

  Charles II, King of England ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16

  Charles VIII, King of France ref 1

  Charlwood (Surrey) ref 1

  Chatsworth House (Derbyshire) ref 1

  Chaudée, Philibert de, Earl of Bath ref 1, ref 2

  Cheke, Sir John ref 1, ref 2

  Chelsea (Middlesex) ref 1

  Chepstow (town) ref 1

  Cheshire ref 1

  Cheshunt (town) ref 1

  chess (game) ref 1

  Chester, diocese of ref 1

  Chester (town) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5n, ref 6

  Cheviot Hills ref 1

  Cheyney, Margaret see Bulmer

  Cheyney, Sir Thomas ref 1

  Chichester, diocese of ref 1

  Chichester (town) ref 1, ref 2

  Chiddingfold (Sussex) ref 1

  child delivery ref 1

  Christ Church, Oxford ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Christchurch Priory, Canterbury ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  see also Canterbury Cathedral

  Christian III, King of Denmark ref 1

  Christopherson, John, Bishop of Chichester ref 1

  Christ’s College, Cambridge ref 1

  Christ’s Hospital, London ref 1, ref 2

  Chrysostom, St John ref 1

  cigars, smoking of ref 1

  Cinque Ports ref 1, ref 2

  Civil War, the (1642–6) ref 1, ref 2

  Clarence, George Plantagenet, Duke of ref 1, ref 2

  Clement VII, Pope ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Clink Prison, Southwark ref 1

  cloaks, wearing of ref 1

  closh see skittles

  Clyst St Mary, Battle of ref 1

  coaches, travel in ref 1, ref 2

  coal, as fuel ref 1, ref 2

  Cobham Hall, Kent ref 1

  Cobham, William Brooke, Lord ref 1

  Cockermouth (town) ref 1

  Coggeshall (Essex) ref 1

  Coke, Humphrey ref 1

  Colet, John ref 1, ref 2

  Collyweston (Northamptonshire) ref 1

  Collywestonwise, fashion ref 1

/>   Columbus, Christopher ref 1, ref 2

  Comedy of Errors (play) ref 1

  common law, English ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Common Prayer, the First Book of (1549) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Common Prayer, the Second Book of (1552) ref 1, ref 2

  Common Prayer, the Third Book of (1559) ref 1

  Compton Wynyates, house ref 1

  compulsory purchase ref 1

  Congo River ref 1

  Congreve, William ref 1, ref 2

  Constantinople ref 1, ref 2

  Contention betwixt the Two Noble Houses see Henry VI, Part III

  Cordelière (ship) ref 1

  Coriolanus (play) ref 1

  Cornish rebellion (1497) ref 1, ref 2

  see also Western rebellion

  Cornwall ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  coronations ref 1, ref 2

  Corpus Christi College, Oxford ref 1, ref 2

  Corunna (town) ref 1

  Council of the North ref 1, ref 2

  Counter prison, Southwark ref 1, ref 2

  Coventry and Lichfield, diocese of ref 1

  Coventry (town) ref 1, ref 2n

  Coverdale, Miles, Bishop of Exeter ref 1

  Cowdray, house ref 1, ref 2

  Cranbrook (Kent) ref 1

  Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23

  Crécy, Battle of ref 1

  Croke, Richard ref 1

  Cromwell, Oliver ref 1, ref 2

  Cromwell, Thomas, Lord, Earl of Essex ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

  crossbows ref 1

  see also archery

  Croydon (Surrey) ref 1

  Cuba ref 1

  Cuddington (Surrey) ref 1

  Cumberland (county) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Cumberland, George Clifford, 3rd Earl of ref 1

  Cumnor Hall ref 1

  Curtain, The (theatre in London) ref 1

  cushions, use of ref 1, ref 2

  cutlery, use of ref 1

  Cymbeline (play) ref 1

  Dacre of Gilsland, Thomas, Lord (Lord Dacre of the North) ref 1

  Dacre of Hurstmonceaux, Thomas Fiennes, 4th Baron (Lord Dacre of the South) ref 1

  daggers, wearing of ref 1

  dancing, dances ref 1

  Darlington (town) ref 1, ref 2

  Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord (Henry, King of Scotland) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Dartford (town) ref 1

  David Llwyd ap Llewellyn ref 1

  wife of ref 1

  Davis, John ref 1