Book Read Free

These Truths

Page 121

by Jill Lepore


  historical importance to, 16–18

  of politics, 156

  Quebec, 25, 84

  British and American victory at, 79

  Queen Anne’s War (1702–13), 66

  Quest for Security, The (Rubinow), 438

  Quincy, USS, 508

  quota sampling, 458

  race, 409

  and Constitution, 701

  Franklin on, 70

  Jefferson’s formula for, 175

  politics of, 176–78

  slavery and, 55, 56–57, 69–70, 86, 143

  and women’s rights, 660–61

  see also civil rights movement

  “Race Problem in America, The” (Douglass), 356

  race riots (1960s), 623–24, 627–28, 630

  and political polarization, 643

  and presidential election (1968), 632, 633

  racism, 530–31, 541, 575–88, 756

  in English North America, 23, 24

  in New Spain, 23

  radical feminism, 651, 660

  Radical Republicans, 317, 318, 320

  in election of 1866, 323

  radio, 421, 422–23, 427–29, 429, 430, 435, 436–37, 465, 479–80, 543–44, 561, 571, 572, 584, 704

  debates on, 459–60

  in the Depression, 440

  fundamentalism on, 460–61

  populism nourished by, 461

  Radio Corporation of America (RCA), 422, 473

  railroads, 189, 191, 231, 249, 255, 333–34, 336, 341, 347, 363, 364

  desire for public ownership of, 346, 347

  government support for, 338

  income from, 406

  regulation of, 376

  taxing of, 336, 338

  transcontinental, 262

  Ralegh, Walter, xvi, 35

  Roanoke colony of, 28–30

  Ramsay, David, 181

  Rand, Ayn, 553

  Randolph, A. Philip, 498

  Randolph, Edmund, 119, 121, 134

  Randolph, John, 186

  Randolph, Peyton, 94

  Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, 205

  Rather, Dan, 706

  Rayburn, Sam, 568

  Raymond, Daniel, 178–79

  Reader’s Digest, 507

  readjustment benefit, 527–28, 528

  Reagan, Nancy, 616

  Reagan, Ronald, 540

  and abortion, 650

  and AIDS crisis, 685

  assassination attempt, 672, 676

  background of, 624

  economic policy, 669–72, 705–6

  and end of Cold War, 683–84, 690

  and Free Speech Movement, 625–26

  gubernatorial race (1966), 625–27

  and gun control debate, 673, 676–77

  inauguration (1981), 668–69

  and Iranian hostage crisis, 680

  and judiciary, 684–90

  and King’s assassination, 630

  and media, 682, 704, 705–6

  military spending, 681

  and political polarization, 683

  and presidential election (1976), 664, 665

  and presidential election (1980), 669

  and presidential election (1984), 683, 706

  and race riots, 624

  War on Drugs, 699

  Real Majority, The (Scammon and Wattenberg), 636–37

  Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the Columbian Exposition, The, 356–57

  Reconstruction, 337, 368, 585–86

  failure of, 329–30, 389

  Reconstruction Acts, 323

  Redeemers, 330

  Red Scare, 415–16, 443–44

  Reed, Ralph, 689

  Reed, Stanley, 577, 579

  Reflections on the End of an Era (Niebuhr), 427

  Reformation, 42

  Rehnquist, William, 580, 644

  Reid, John, 181

  Reign of Terror, 142

  religion:

  and abortion, 649–50, 664

  evangelical churches, 662–64

  lack of established, 200–201

  and presidential election (1964), 616

  slavery and, 17

  religion, freedom of, 49–53, 137–38

  as fundamental right, 96

  Jefferson and, 161

  Madison and, 89–90

  Report of an Exploration . . . between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains (Frémont), 242

  Report of the Exploring Expedition to Oregon and California (Frémont), 242

  representation:

  constitutional convention and, 121–22, 123, 124–25

  popular sovereignty and, 49, 83, 122

  sovereignty and, 90–91

  taxation and, 81, 83

  three-fifths rule and, 125, 130, 157

  reproductive rights, see abortion; contraception; culture wars

  Republic (Plato), 50

  Republican clubs, 318

  republicanism:

  democracy vs., 181

  Madison on, 144–45

  Republican National Committee (RNC), 571, 581

  Republican National Conventions:

  of 1952, 561

  of 1956, 572

  Republican Party, U.S.:

  and abortion, 668

  black support for, 323, 386–87

  business interests supported by, 562–63, 570, 572

  conservative support for, 560–63, 570, 579–80, 581

  conservative takeover, 658–59, 664–68

  and contraception, 649

  creation of, 264

  1860 convention of, 287

  1864 convention of, 303

  and expansion west, 32–33

  1912 convention of, 386–87

  and Nixon-Khrushchev meeting (1959), 589

  popular support for, 541–46, 564

  and presidential election (1960), 599–600

  and presidential election (1968), 631–33

  and presidential election (1976), 664–65

  and Reagan, 624

  rearrangement of, 431

  and Schlafly, 616–17, 658–59

  southern strategy, 632, 636, 656, 667

  women as supporters of, 529, 551, 555–57

  and women’s rights, 658–59, 665, 692

  see also Radical Republicans

  Republican Party (first), 211

  Republicans (Jeffersonian), 144, 145–46, 159

  in election of 1800, 154–55, 160–62, 164

  Louisiana Purchase and, 170

  political dominance of, 172

  as pro-slavery, 176

  Republican Women’s Task Force, 659

  Requerimiento, 22, 23

  reservations, 337

  Reston, James, 629

  Restoring the Quality of Our Environment (Environmental Pollution Panel), 680

  restrictive covenants, 530

  return to normalcy, 407, 504

  Revenue Act, 487–88

  revolution, right of, 99

  Paine on, 95–96

  revolutions of 1848, 254

  Rhineland, 427, 466

  Rhode Island colony, 44

  religious and political freedom in, 49–50

  Rice, Condoleezza, 745, 763

  Rice, Tamir, 767

  Richards, Ann, 660

  Richardson, Elliot, 643, 644

  Richmond, Va., 302, 311

  Richmond Examiner, 297

  Richmond News Leader, 582

  Richmond Recorder, 175

  Ridings, Dorothy, 706

  “Rights of Black Man, The” (Bishop), 143

  Rights of Man (Paine), 142

  Rights of the British Colonists Asserted (Otis), 86

  “Right to Equal Opportunity in Employment, The” (Murray), 500

  Right to Keep and Bear Arms (Subcommittee on the Constitution), 677

  Riley, William B., 392–93

  Rising Tide of Color Against the White World-Supremacy, The (Stoddard), 411

  RKO, 473–74

  Road to Serfdom, The (Ha
yek), 57, 506

  Roanoke colony, 28–30

  Roberts, Owen, 463, 465, 496

  Robertson, Pat, 664

  robots, 559

  Rochester, N.Y., 195–96, 197, 202

  Rochester Society for the Promotion of Temperance, 195–96

  Rockefeller, John D., 352, 372–73, 412

  Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 405

  Rockefeller, Nelson, 615

  Roe v. Wade, 647, 653, 654, 655, 656, 664, 678, 686

  Rogers, Lindsay, 542, 543–44, 546

  Rogers, Ted, 563

  Rollins, James S., 304

  Roman law, slavery in, 21–22, 47, 48

  Romney, George, 615, 665

  Romney, Mitt, 728, 765, 774

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 428, 431–33, 432, 483, 504, 586

  and Commission on the Status of Women, 647

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 750

  “arsenal of democracy” concept of, 538

  Atlantic Charter negotiated by, 482–83

  Churchill’s courting of, 478

  and colonialism, 603

  convention attended by, 219

  court-packing plan of, 464–65, 479

  death of, 508, 510–11, 523, 531

  in election of 1920, 403, 428

  in election of 1932, 429–31, 454

  in election of 1936, 462

  executive branch reorganized by, 466

  fight for civil rights by, 500–501

  “forgotten man” concept of, 563

  Hitler’s underestimation of, 485

  inauguration of (1933), 433

  influenced by populist movement, 332

  Keynes’s letters to, 435, 466

  letters to, 435–36

  letter to Churchill from, 480–81

  and liberalism, 611

  on limits of welfare state, 438–39

  New Deal policies of, 526, 527, 531–32, 535, 552, 570

  and Pearl Harbor attack, 484

  plan to arm Europe, 475

  political consultants vs., 457

  presidential campaign of (1944), 542

  public opinion surveys relied on by, 457–58

  racial polices of, 531

  radio addresses of, 428–29, 429, 430, 432, 436–37, 465, 479–80

  radio debates refused by, 460

  recording system, 640

  scientific research supported by, 525

  at Tehran Conference, 502–3

  United Nations plans of, 491–92, 502–3

  urged to be dictator, 434

  war powers claimed by, 487

  on World’s Fair, 473

  at Yalta Conference, 508–10, 509

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Jr., 478

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 374, 428

  in election of 1896, 374–75

  in election of 1912, 386, 387

  judicial recall supported by, 378

  mothers praised by, 380

  muckrakers named by, 371

  on need to control commercial forces, 365

  on Paris Peace Conference, 398–99

  reforms pursued by, 375–76

  in Spanish-American War, 367, 374

  on women’s equality, 343

  Roots (TV show), 660

  Roper, Elmo, 597

  Rosenthal, A. M., 711

  Ross, Harold, 413

  Rossetto, Louis, 731–32

  Rostow, Walt, 603

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 110

  Rovere, Richard, 572

  Rubinow, Isaac M., 379, 438

  Ruckelshaus, Jill, 665

  Ruckelshaus, William, 644

  Rucker, Edward, 225

  rule, nature of, 15

  rule of law, xviii

  see also English common law

  Rumsfeld, Donald, 746

  Rush, Benjamin, 75, 200

  on liberty and slavery, 92

  Russia, 242, 426

  Russian Revolution, 362

  Rustin, Bayard, 498, 607, 609

  Rutledge, Edward, 94

  Rutledge, John, 126, 167

  Sacramento Union, 448

  Safer, Morley, 646–47, 655, 742

  Sagan, Carl, 681–82, 683

  Saint-Dominque, see Haiti

  Saintes, Battle of, 103

  St. John’s, slave rebellion in, 57

  St. Kitts, 84, 88

  St. Louis, Mo., 333, 522

  St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 472

  St. Louis Republic, 453

  Salem, Mass., witchcraft trials in, 57

  Salisbury, N.C., 302

  SALT II, 680

  same-sex marriage, 686

  Sandburg, Carl, 412

  Sanders, Bernie, 757–58, 766–67

  Sandys, George, 36

  San Francisco, Calif., 342, 522

  earthquake in, 376

  San Francisco Chronicle, 379–80

  San Francisco Examiner, 349, 448, 449

  San Francisco Times, 341

  Sanger, Margaret, 386, 394, 649

  San Juan Hill, 367

  Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 223, 250

  Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, 339

  Santayana, George, 361

  Santorum, Rick, 764

  Sao João Bautista, 38

  Saratoga, Battle of (1777), 101

  Sasaki, Toshiko, 521–22

  Satan, 569

  Saturday Evening Post, 507

  Saturday Night Massacre, 644, 688

  Saudi Arabia, 739

  Savannah, Ga., 102, 104, 105, 204

  Save Our Children, 661

  savings and loan crisis, 672

  Savio, Mario, 620–21

  Scalia, Antonin, 684–85, 763

  Scammon, Richard M., 636–37

  Schell, Jonathan, 681

  Schlafly, Phyllis, 646, 655–56

  and evangelical churches, 664

  and National Women’s Conference, 659, 661, 662

  and presidential election (1976), 664

  and Republican Party, 616–17, 658–59

  and Trump, 668

  Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 553, 614, 691

  school desegregation, 608, 628, 662–63

  School of Politics, 557

  school prayer, 662

  schools, common, 209–10

  school shootings, 764

  Schumpeter, Joseph, 735

  science:

  and climate change, 680–81, 682–83

  and conservatism, 682–83

  and environmental movement, 680

  and nuclear weapons, 682

  “Science, the Endless Frontier” (Bush), 525

  SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), 596–97, 606, 607, 620, 622

  Scopes, John, 414–19

  Scott, Dred, 268–69, 270–71

  Scott, Walter, 373

  Scott, Winfield, 216, 250

  SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative), 681

  SDS (Students for a Democratic Society), 625, 633

  Seale, Bobby, 627

  secession:

  difficulty of decision, 292

  push for, 289

  Second Amendment, 673, 675, 677–78, 679, 688, 764–65, 768

  Second Bank of the United States, 219–21

  Second Bill of Rights, 532

  Second Great Awakening, 190–91, 195–98, 196, 345

  and alleged Christian origin of U.S., 201

  Second Treatise on Government (Locke), 1

  secret ballot, 344, 353, 386

  Secret Service, 234

  secularism, 555

  Securities Exchange Commission, 437, 446

  Sedgwick, Theodore, 113

  sedition, 395

  See It Now (TV show), 566–67

  segregation, racial, 530–31, 541, 575–88, 585

  start of, 330

  Seitz, Frederick, 683

  Selma march (1965), 621–22, 625

  Seminoles, 181, 212-13

  Senate, U.S., 125, 157, 529, 531, 537, 538, 546, 547, 548, 549, 551,
567–68, 586

  Civil Rights Act (1866) passed by, 319–20

  direct election to, 346, 364

  Indian removal voted on in, 215

  rule over Philippines discussed in, 368

  Texas annexation vote of, 233

  Versailles Treaty rejected by, 400–401

  Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 401, 551

  Senate Judiciary Committee, 465–66

  Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, 551

  Seneca Falls convention, 257–58

  “separate but equal” doctrine, 359–60, 576–77, 579, 580

  separation of powers, 157

  judiciary and, 165–66

  in World War II, 479

  September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, xviii, 719–29, 719

  Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 25, 47, 337

  Sequoyah, 214

  Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (1944), 527

  Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People (Emery), 340

  Seventeenth Amendment, 157

  Seven Years’ War:

  cost of, 78, 80

  global arena of, 77

  in North America, see French and Indian War 1763

  treaty in, 79–80, 80

  Seward, William, 689–90

  “irrepressible conflict” speech of, 282

  on passports, 315

  slavery criticized by, 255

  sexual harassment, 697, 709, 712

  Sexual Suicide (Gilder), 670

  Shaftesbury, Earl of, 52

  Shakers, 201

  Shall Christianity Remain Christian?, 415

  Shanghai, 427

  sharecroppers, 439

  Share Our Wealth Society, 461–62

  Shays, Daniel, 116

  Shays’s Rebellion, 116, 118

  Sheldon, Charles, 366

  Sherman, John, 345

  Sherman, Roger, 98

  Sherman Antitrust Act, 345

  Shields, Mark, 715

  Shiloh, Battle of, 293

  Shiloh Presbyterian Church, 299

  Shine, David, 567

  Short, Mercy, 57

  Shotwell, James T., 506

  Sierra Leone, 135–36, 147–48

  “Significance of the Frontier in American History, The” (Turner), 354–55

  Silent Spring (Carson), 680

  Silicon Valley, 695–96

  silver, 347, 352

  “Simplified Blueprint of the Campaign against Compulsory Health Insurance, A” (Whitaker and Baxter), 547–48

  Simulmatics, 598–99, 603–4, 635

  Sinclair, Upton, 412, 450–51, 535

  Singer, S. Fred, 680–81, 683

  Sioux, 335

  Six Nations (Iroquois confederation), 66

  Sixteenth Amendment, 376–77, 504

  skyscrapers, 406

  slave owners, 223

  Slave Pen, Alexandria, Virginia, 295

  slave rebellions:

  of Turner, 205, 206

  of Vesey, 203

  Slave Representation, 173

  slavery, 536, 553, 554, 583

  slaves, slavery, xiii, 10

  American Revolution and, 93–95, 100, 108

  and annexation of Texas, 235, 236, 246

  Aristotle on, 21, 47

  in Caribbean, 46

 

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