Drone Warfare
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129 “The Future of War: Keynote Address at the CSIS Global Security Forum 2011,” United States Department of Defense, June 8, 2011.
130 Anshel Pfeffer, “WikiLeaks: IDF uses drones to assassinate Gaza militants,” Haaretz Israeli News, February 9, 2011.
131 Scott Wilson, “In Gaza, Lives Shaped by Drones,” The Washington Post, December 3, 2011.
132 Chris Cole, “Drone Wars Briefing,” January 2012 p. 6.
133 Robert Wall, “Watchkeeper Misses Key Schedule Milestone,” Aviation Week, January 11, 2012.
134 Nick Hopkins, “Afghan civilians killed by RAF drone,” The Guardian, July 5, 2011.
135 ibid.
136 “Iraq insurgents hack into video feeds from US drones,” BBC News, December 17, 2009.
137 “Syrian Downing of Israeli drone Raises Specter of Syrian Scuds,” DEBKAfile Exclusive, 2006.
138 “Iranian drone ‘shot down in Iraq’,” BBC News, March 16, 2009.
139 Dr. Mark T. Maybury, “Remotely Piloted Aircraft,” US Air Force, September 27, 2011.
140 William Booth, “More Predator Drones Fly U.S.-Mexico Border,” The Washington Post, December 21, 2011.
141 Charlie Savage, “U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency Expands War on Drugs,” The New York Times, November 6, 2011.
142 “Membership” Congressional Unmanned Systems Caucus Committee.
143 Alan Levin, “Commercial Drones: A Dogfight at the FAA,” Business Week, February 9, 2012.
144 Brian Bennett, “Police Employ Predator Drone Spy Planes on Home Front,” The Los Angeles Times, December 10, 2011.
145 “Drone may be coming to Miami-Dade,” WSVN 7NEWS Miami/Ft. Lauderdale, January 6, 2011.
146 Tim Elfrink, “MDPD is First Force to Get FAA Clearance to Fly Drones at Crime Scenes,” The Miami New Times’ Blogs, November 15, 2011.
147 “Miami police could become first to use drones in a U.S. city,” TPMMuckraker, January 7, 2011.
148 Stephen Dean, “New Police Drone Near Houston Could Carry Weapons,” Click 2 Houston | KPRC Local 2, November 10, 2011.
149 Jay Stanley and Catherine Crump, “Protecting Privacy From Aerial Surveillance,” ACLU, December 2011, p 1.
150 Jay Stanley and Catherine Crump, “Protecting Privacy From Aerial Surveillance,” ACLU, December 2011, p 11.
151 Glenn Greenwald, “NPR’s Domestic Drone Commercial,” Salon.com, December 6, 2011.
152 “As The Drone Flies…,” The Nader Page, Nader.org, September 26, 2011.
153 CBS/AP, “Mass. Musician Accused of D.C. Terrorist Plot,” CBS News, September 28, 2011.
154 Business Wire, “AeroVironment, Inc. -U.S. Army Awards AeroVironment $4.9 Million Contract for Switchblade Agile Munition Systems and Services,” AeroVironment, Inc., September 1, 2011.
155 David Zucchino, “Drone Pilot Fights Afghan War from Nevada Base,” AZ Central, February 24, 2010.
156 Nick Turse, “America’s Secret Empire of Drone Bases,” The Huffington Post, October 17, 2011.
157 Thom Shanker and Matt Richtel, “Military Struggles to Harness a Flood of Data,” The New York Times, January 17, 2011.
158 ibid.
159 Gareth Porter, “CIA’s Push for Drone War Driven by Internal Needs,” IPS Inter Press Service, September 5, 2011.
160 United Nations General Assembly - Human Rights Council, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston,” Fourteenth Session, May 23, 2010.
161 Christian Caryl, “Predators and Robots at War,” The New York Review of Books, September 29, 2011.
162 P.W. Singer, Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Penguin Press, 2009, Ch. 3, p. 68.
163 P. W. Singer, Wired for War. New York, 2009, p. 332.
164 Greg Jaffe, “Combat Generation: Drone Operators Climb on Winds of Change in the Air Force,” The Washington Post, February 27, 2010.
165 ibid.
166 Elisabeth Bumiller, “Air Force Drone Operators Show High Levels of Stress,” The New York Times, December 19, 2011.
167 “Report on Operating Next-Generation Remotely Piloted Aircraft in Irregular Warfare,” United States Airforce Scientific Advisory Board, April 2011.
168 Elisabeth Bumiller, “Air Force Drone Operators Show High Levels of Stress,” The New York Times, December 19, 2011.
169 Associated Press, “Air Force Makes Push For Drone Operators,” CBS News, October 23, 2008.
170 David S. Cloud, “Contractors’ role grows in drone missions, worrying some in the military,” McClatchy D.C., Dec 29, 2011.
171 Mark Thompson, “Flying Air Force Drones: Pilots No Longer Required,” TIME.com, September 18, 2008.
172 Associated Press, “Remote-control Warriors Suffer War Stress,” MSNBC, August 7, 2008.
173 Al Jazeera English, “America’s use for domestic drones,” YouTube, December 7, 2011.
174 Matt J. Martin and Charles W. Sasser, Predator: The Remote-control Air War Over Iraq and Afghanistan: A Pilot’s Story. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press, 2010 ch. 20, p. 211.
175 “Interview with a Drone Pilot: ‘It Is Not a Video Game’,” SPIEGEL ONLINE - Nachrichten, March 12, 2010.
176 David S. Cloud, “Afghanistan Predator Drones: Despite High-Tech tools, a Fatal Error,” The Los Angeles Times, April 10, 2011.
177 “Drone Pilot Kills Afghani Militants from Nevada Control Centre,” YouTube, October 23, 2009.
178 Tom Bowman, “Predator Pilots Engage in Remote Control Combat,” NPR, September 4, 2007.
179 Rachel Martin, “Report: High Levels Of ‘Burnout’ In U.S. Drone Pilots,” NPR, December 19, 2011.
180 Elisabeth Bumiller, “Air Force Drone Operators Show High Levels of Stress,” The New York Times, December 19, 2011.
181 Sally B. Donnelly, “Long-Distance Warriors,” TIME.com, December 4, 2005.
182 Megan McCloskey, “Two Worlds of a Drone Pilot,” Military.com, October 27, 2009.
183 “Interview with a Drone Pilot: ‘It Is Not a Video Game’,” Spiegel Online, Nachrichten, March 12, 2010.
184 Sally B. Donnelly, “Long-Distance Warriors,”TIME.com, Dec 4, 2005.
185 Matt J. Martin and Charles W. Sasser, Predator: The Remote-Control Air War Over Iraq and Afghanistan: A Pilot’s Story. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press, 2010 ch. 10, p. 112.
186 Thom Shanker and Matt Richtel, “Military Struggles to Harness a Flood of Data,” The New York Times, January 17, 2011.
187 Joe Pappalardo, “The Future For UAVs in the U.S. Air Force,” Popular Mechanics, February 26, 2010.
188 P.W. Singer, Wired for War: Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century. New York: Penguin, 2009, accessed via Google Books.
189 Peter Finn, “U.S. Moves Towards Robotic Warfare,” The Fiscal Times, September 20, 2011.
190 Alex Rodriguez and David Zucchino, “U.S. Drone Attacks in Pakistan get Mixed Response,” The Los Angeles Times, May 2, 2010.
191 “Drones Are Successful Tool in War on Terror,” The Wall Street Journal, January 9, 2010.
192 Chris Woods, “Number of CIA Drone Strikes in Pakistan Hits 300,” TBIJ, Oct 14, 2011.
193 Scott Shane, “C.I.A. Claim of No Civilian Deaths From Drones Is Disputed,” The New York Times, August 11, 2011.
194 “The Year of the Drone,” Counterterrorism Strategy Initiative, NewAmerica.net.
195 Chris Woods, “Number of CIA Drone Strikes in Pakistan Hits 300,” TBIJ, October 14, 2011.
196 Saeed Shah and Peter Beaumont, “US Drone Strikes in Pakistan Claiming Many Civilian Victims, says Campaigner,” The Guardian, July 17, 2011.
197 Pir Zubair Shah, Sabrina Tavernise and Mark Mazzetti, “Taliban Leader in Pakistan Is Reportedly Killed,” The New York Times, August 8, 2009.
198 Jane Mayer, “The Risks of the C.I.A.’s Predator Drones,” The New Yorker, October 26, 2009.
199 Carlotta Gall, “Pakistani Militant Chief Is Reported Dead,” The Ne
w York Times, June 4, 2011.
200 Salman Masood and David E. Sanger, “Standoff on Pakistan Naval Base Ends,” The New York Times, May 24, 2011.
201 Story provided by lawyer Shahzad Akbar, January 29, 2012.
202 Legal Notice served on behalf of Karim Khan to US Consulate in Islamabad by Mirza and Associates, provided by Karim Khan’s legal counsel.
203 Declan Walsh, “Pakistani Journalist Sues CIA for Drone Strike That Killed Relatives,” The Guardian, December 13, 2010.
204 ibid.
205 Ansar Abbasi, “Local CIA Chief May Face Case Against Drone Attacks,” News International, December 1, 2010.
206 Pratap Chatterjee, “Bureau Reporter Meets 16-year-old Three Days Before US Drone Kills Him,” TBIJ, Nov 4, 2011.
207 Ibid.
208 Clive Stafford Smith, “In Pakistan, Drones Kill Our Innocent Allies,” The New York Times, November 4, 2011.
209 Nick Schifrin, “Tariq Khan Killed by CIA Drone,” ABC News, December 30, 2011.
210 Interview with Pratap Chatterjee, January 16, 2012.
211 Adam Entous, Siobhan Gorman and Julian E. Barnes, “U.S. Tightens Drone Rules for Its Pakistan Attacks,” The Wall Street Journal, November 4, 2011.
212 Alex Rodriguez, “Pakistan Death squads Go After Informants to U.S. Drone Program,” The Los Angeles Times, December 28, 2011.
213 Ibid.
214 Jane Perlez, “Karachi Turns Deadly Amid Pakistan’s Rivalries,” The New York Times, November 19, 2010.
215 Greg Miller, “Al-Qaeda Targets Dwindle as Group Shrinks,” The Washington Post, November 22, 2011.
216 Shatha Al-Harazi, “Yemenis Question the Killing of 16-year-old Al-Awlaki’s Son,” Yemen Times, October 19, 2011.
217 “Drones shape life in Gaza,” The Washington Post, December 3, 2011.
218 “Precisely Wrong: Gaza Civilians Killed by Israeli Drone-Launched Missiles,” Human Rights Watch, June 2009.
219 Yotam Feldman and Uri Blau, “Consent and Advise,” Haaretz, January 29, 2009.
220 Tara Mckelevey, “Inside the Killing Machine,” The Daily Beast, February 13, 2011.
221 Jane Mayer, “The Predator War,” The New Yorker, February 26, 2009.
222 Harold Hongju Koh, “The Obama Administration and International Law,” U.S. Department of State, March 25, 2010.
223 Hunter Miller, “British-American Diplomacy: The Caroline Case,” Avalon Project - Yale Law School.
224 Oliver Burkeman and Julian Borger, “War critics astonished as US hawk admits invasion was illegal,” The Guardian, November 20, 2003.
225 Declan Walsh, “US extends drone strikes to Somalia,” The Guardian, June 30, 2011.
226 Greg Miller, “Under Obama, an Emerging Global Apparatus for Drone Killing,” The Washington Post, December 27, 2011.
227 “The Laws of War,” Human Rights Investigations, Last updated: Apr 30, 2011.
228 “Court Dismisses Targeted Killing Case On Procedural Grounds Without Addressing Merits,” ACLU Press Release, December 7, 2010.
229 Daphne Eviatar, “Pressure Mounts on Obama Administration to Release Legal Justification for al-Awlaki Killing,” The Huffington Post, October 6, 2011.
230 Noah Feldman, “Obama Team’s Al-Awlaki Memo Furthered Bush Legacy,” Bloomberg, October 17, 2011.
231 Megan Mitchell, “Osama Bin Laden Won’t Be Brought in Alive,” U.S. Congressman John Culberson: 7th District of Texas, March 16, 2010.
232 Josh Gerstein, “Osama bin Laden Won’t be Brought in Alive,” POLITICO.com, March 16, 2010.
233 Yochi J. Dreazen, Aamer Madhani and Marc Ambinder, “For Obama, Killing - Not Capturing - bin Laden Was Goal,” NationalJournal.com, May 4, 2011.
234 Human Rights Council, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston,” United Nations General Assembly - Fourteenth Session, May 23, 2010.
235 Mary Ellen O’Connell, “Lawful Use of Combat Drones - Hearing: Rise of the Drones II: Examining the Legality of Unmanned Targeting,” Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, Congress of the United States: House of Representatives, April 28, 2010.
236 “ACLU Letter to President Obama,” American Civil Liberties Union, April 28, 2010.
237 Scott Shane, “Leaked Cables Offer Raw Look at U.S. Diplomacy,” The New York Times, December 28, 2011.
238 Delcan Walsh, “WikiLeaks cables: US and Pakistan play down impact of ‘mischief’,” The Guardian, December 1, 2010.
239 “Pakistan Says U.S. Drones in its Air Space Will be Shot Down,” MSNBC, December 10, 2011.
240 Gary Solis, “CIA Drone Attacks Produce America’s Own Unlawful Combatants,” The Washington Post, March 11, 2011.
241 James Risen and Mark Mazzetti, “NY Times Advertisement,” NY Times Advertisement, August 21, 2009.
242 David S. Cloud, “Contractors’ Role Grows in Drone Missions, Worrying Some in the Military,” The New York Times, December 29, 2011.
243 Ibid.
244 “UN human rights expert challenges ‘targeted killing’ policies,” Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, October 20, 2011.
245 “Q & A: US Targeted Killings and International Law,” Human Rights Watch, December 19, 2011.
246 Charles Davis, “U.S./CUBA: Justice Not So Blind in Politically Charged Cases,” IPS Inter Press Service, January 29, 2008.
247 “Collateral damage,” Wikipedia.
248 David Rohde, “The Drone War,” Reuters Magazine, January 17, 2012.
249 Washington Post-ABC News Poll, The Washington Post, February 8, 2012.
250 P.W. Singer, “Wired for War,” Wilson Quarterly, Winter 2009.
251 Teri Schultz, “Meet the Pilots who Fly America’s Drones,” GlobalPost, December 16, 2011.
252 “No-fly zone” Wikipedia.
253 Barack Obama, “Letter from the President on the War Powers Resolution,” The White House, June 15, 2011.
254 “United States Activities in Libya,” Foreign Policy Files, June 15, 2011.
255 C. J. Chivers and Eric Schmitt, “Scores of Unintended Casualties in NATO War in Libya,” The New York Times, December 18, 2011.
256 Joshua Foust, “Unaccountable Killing Machines: The True Cost of U.S. Drones,” The Atlantic, December 30, 2011.
257 United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, “The UK Approach to Unmanned Aircraft Systems,” Joint Doctrine Note 2/11, Section 5–9.
258 Jane Mayer, “The Predator War,” The New Yorker, October 26, 2009.
259 Deputy Foreign Minister Ahmed Yusef, interview by author, Gaza, June 2, 2009.
260 “Remote-Control Warfare,” The Christian Century, May 2005.
261 Paul F.M. Zahl, Daniel M. Bell Jr. and Brian Stiltner, “Drones: Is It Wrong to Kill by Remote Control?” ChristianityToday.com, August 2011.
262 Ben Austen, “The Terminator Scenario: Are We Giving Our Military Machines Too Much Power?” Popular Science, December 2010.
263 Peter Finn, “A Future for Drones: Automated Killing,” The Washington Post, September 15, 2011.
264 Noel Sharkey, “Automated warfare: Lessons Learned From the Drones,” Journal of Law, Information and Science, August 11, 2011.
265 Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, “Hope on the Battlefield,” Greater Good, Summer 2007.
266 Rev. John Dear, “A Peace Movement Victory in Court,” Common Dreams, September 18, 2010.
267 Ibid.
268 Kathy Kelly, “The Predators: Where is Your Democracy?” Voices for Creative Nonviolence, May 9, 2011.
269 Rachel Stern, “Ithaca Group Walking to Syracuse to Protest US Drone Missiles,” Voices for Creative Nonviolence, April 2011.
270 Andy Beckett, “Protest and Survive: The Greenham Veteran who Refuses to go Away,” The Guardian, November 17, 2011.
271 “Piñon Canyon Expansion Parcel Map,” Grassland Trust and Not 1 More Acre.
272 Chris Hellman, “Press Room,” National Priorities Project, February 14, 2011.
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273 “Integrated Solutions News,” The Sacramento Bee.
274 “James Hill News,” The Sacramento Bee.
275 CCR and the ACLU v. OFAC & Al-Aulaqi v. Obama, Center for Constitutional Rights.
276 Michael Ratner, “The Extrajudicial Drone Murder of US Citizen Anwar al-Awlaki,” AlterNet, October 2, 2011.
277 “Who Is Flying Unmanned Aircraft in the U.S.?,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, January 10, 2010.
278 “Q & A: US Targeted Killings and International Law,” Human Rights Watch, December 19, 2011.
279 Mary Ellen O’Connell, “Lawful Use of Combat Drones,” Hearing: Rise of the Drones II: Examining the Legality of Unmanned Targeting from Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, Washington, D.C., April 28, 2010.
280 “Defense Department Does Not Compile Total Number Of Civilians Killed In Drone Attacks,” American Civil Liberties Union, March 22, 2011.
281 Chris Rogers, “REPORT: Pakistan 2010,” CIVIC: Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict, October 2010.
282 Maria Keenan, “PAKISTAN: Compensation Promised to Civilian Drone Victims,” CIVIC: Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict, March 28, 2011.
283 David Hookes, “Armed Drones: How Remote-Controlled, High-Tech Weapons are Used Against the Poor,” Scientists for Global Responsibility, Winter 2011.
284 Chris Cole, “Convenient Killing: Armed Drones and the ‘Playstation’ Mentality,” The Fellowship of Reconciliation, England, 2010.
285 “Current campaign - Drone Wars,” Fellowship of Reconciliation, England.
286 Paul McGowan, Interview by Alli McCracken, Online, December 7, 2011.
287 Jim Wright, Interview by Alli McCracken, Online, December 5, 2011.
288 “ICRAC,” ICRAC - International Committee for Robot Arms Control.
289 “ICBL - International Campaign to Ban Landmines,” ICBL.
290 “ICBL - International Campaign to Ban Landmines, ICBL.
291 Ibid.
292 Ibid.
293 Jeff Hawkins, Personal Interview by Author, Washington, D.C., November 15, 2011.
294 Peter Asaro, personal website.
295 Nick Mottern, Personal Interview by Author, Washington, D.C., January 4, 2012.
296 Tara Mckelvery, “Inside the Killing Machine,” Newsweek, February 13, 2011.