In Amazonia

by Raffles, Hugh

  Anderson, Anthony B., and Mário Augusto G. Jardim, “Costs and Benefits of Floodplain Forest Management by Rural Inhabitants in the Amazon Estuary: A Case Study of Açaí Palm Production.” In Fragile Lands of Latin America: The Search for Sustainable Uses, ed. John O. Browder, 114–29. Boulder: Westview, 1989.

  Anderson, Anthony B., Igor Mousasticoshvily Jr., and Domingo S. Macedo. “Logging of Virola surinamensis in the Amazon Floodplain: Impacts and Alternatives.” In Várzea: Diversity, Development, and Conservation of Amazonia’s Whitewater Floodplains, ed. Christine Padoch, J. Márcio Ayres, Miguel Pinedo-Vásquez, and Anthony Henderson, 119–34. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1999.

  Anderson, Benedict. The Specter of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the World. London: Verso, 1998.

  Anderson, David, and Richard Grove, eds. Conservation in Africa: People, Policies, and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

  Anderson, S. D. “Engenhos na várzea: uma analise do declinio de uma sistema de produção tradicional na Amazônia.” In Amazônia: A fronteira agrícola 20 anos depois, org. Philippe Lenna and Adelia Engracia de Oliveira, 114–26. Belém: Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/ORSTOM, 1991.

  Andrews, Kenneth R. Elizabethan Privateering: English Privateering During the Spanish War 1585–1603. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1964.

  ———. Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

  Andrews, Kenneth R., ed. English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies, 1588–1595. Hakluyt Society Second Series No. 111. London: Hakluyt Society, 1956.

  Appadurai, Arjun. “Introduction: Place and Voice in Anthropological Theory.” Cultural Anthropology 3, no. 1 (1988): 16–20.

  Arnold, David. The Problem of Nature: Environment, Culture and European Expansion. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.

  Arvello-Jiménez, Nelly, and Horacio Biord. “The Impact of Conquest on Contemporary Indigenous Peoples of the Guiana Shield: The System of Orinoco Regional Interdependence.” In Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present, ed. Anna C. Roosevelt, 55–78. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994.

  Atran, Scott. Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Understanding of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

  Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Ed. Oliver Lawson Dick. London: Secker & Warburg, 1949.

  Bachelard, Gaston. Water and Dreams: An Essay on the Imagination of Matter. Trans. Edith R. Farrell. Dallas: The Pegasus Foundation, 1983.

  Bacon, Francis. The New Organon. Ed. Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 [1620].

  Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.

  Balée, William. “Indigenous Adaptation to Amazonian Palm Forests.” Principes 32, no. 2 (1988): 47–54.

  ———. “The Culture of Amazonian Forests.” In Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, ed. Darrell A. Posey and William

  Balée, 1–21. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1989.

  ———. “Indigenous Transformation of Amazonian Forests: An Example from Maranhão, Brazil.” L’Homme 33, nos. 2–4 (1993): 231–54.

  ———. Footprints of the Forest: Ka’apor Ethnobotany—The Historical Ecology of Plant Utilization by an Amazonian People. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

  ———. “Introduction.” In Advances in Historical Ecology, ed. William Balée, 1–10. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

  Balée, William, ed. Advances in Historical Ecology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

  Baptista de Moura, Ignácio. De Belém a São João do Araguaia, Vale do Rio Tocantins. Belém: Fundação Cultural do Pará Tancredo Neves/Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, 1989.

  Barnes, Trevor J., and James S. Duncan, eds. Writing Worlds: Discourse, Text and Metaphor in the Representation of Landscape. London: Routledge, 1992.

  Barreto, Paulo, Paulo Amaral, Edson Vidal, and Christopher Uhl. “Costs and Benefits of Forest Management for Timber Production in Eastern Amazonia.” Forest Ecology and Management 108, nos. 1–2 (1998): 9–26.

  Barros, Ana Cristina, and Christopher Uhl. “Logging Along the Amazon River and Estuary: Patterns, Problems and Potential.” Forest Ecology and Management 77, nos. 1–3 (1995): 87–105.

  Barros, Ana Cristina, and Adalberto Veríssimo, eds. A expansão da atividade madeireira na Amazônia: Impactos e perspectivas para o desenvolvimento do setor florestal no Pará. Belém: IMAZON, 1996.

  Bassin, Mark. “Friedrich Ratzel’s Travels in the United States: A Study in the Genesis of His Anthropogeography.” In History of Geography Newsletter 4 (1984): 11–22.

  ———. “Imperialism and the Nation-State in Friedrich Ratzel’s Political Geography.” In Progress in Human Geography 11, no. 3 (1987): 473–95.

  Basso, Keith. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.

  Bates, Henry Walter, “Extracts from the Correspondence of Mr. H. W. Bates, Now Forming Entomological Collections in South America.” Zoologist 8: 2663–68; 2715–19; 2789–93; 2836–41; 2940–44; 2965–66; 9: 3142–44; 3230–32; 10: 3321–24; 3352–53; 3449–50; 14: 5016–19; 15: 5651–62; 1849–56.

  ———. [The Amazon Expeditions] Manuscript. Vol. 1. In manuscript collections of the Entomology Library of the British Museum of Natural History, London, 1851–59.

  ———. “Some Account of the Country of the River Solimoens, or Upper Amazons.” Zoologist 10 (1852): 3592.

  ———. “Proceedings of Natural-History Collectors in Foreign Countries.” Zoologist 11: 3726–29; 3801–04; 3841–43; 3897–3900; 4111–17; 12: 4200–4202; 4318–21; 4397–98; 13: 4549–53; 14: 5012–16; 15: 5557–59; 1852–56.

  ———. “Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. Lepidoptera: Heliconidae.” Transactions of the Linnaean Society 23 (1862): 495–566.

  ———. “Hints on the Collection of Objects of Natural History.” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 16 (1871): 67–78.

  ———. The Naturalist on the River Amazons: A Record of Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature under the Equator, during Eleven Years of Travel. Unabridged commemorative ed. London: John Murray, 1892 [1863].

  Becker, Bertha K. “Fronteira e urbanização repensadas.” Revista Brasileira de Geografia 47, nos. 3–4 (1985): 357–71.

  Beddall, Barbara G., ed. Wallace and Bates in the Tropics: An Introduction to the Theory of Natural Selection. London: Macmillan, 1969.

  Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko, or, The Royal Slave. Ed. Lore Metzger. New York: Norton Library, 1973 [1688].

  Beinart, William, and Peter Coates. Environment and History: The Taming of Nature in the USA and South Africa. London: Routledge, 1995.

  Benchimol, Samuel. Manáos-do-Amazonas: Memória empresarial. Vol. 1. Manaus: Universidade do Amazonas, 1994.

  Benjamin, Walter. Illuminations. Ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Fontana, 1973.

  ———. One-Way Street, and Other Writings. Trans. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter. London: New Left Books, 1979.

  ———. The Arcades Project. Trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.

  Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin/BBC, 1972.

  Berger, John, and Jean Mohr. A Fortunate Man: The Story of a Country Doctor. London: Writers and Readers Cooperative Press, 1969.

  Berlant, Laurent. “Intimacy: A Special Issue.” Critical Inquiry 24, no. 2 (Winter 1998): 281–88.

  Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge, 1994.

  Blaikie, Piers. The Political Economy of Soil Degradation in Developing Countries. London: Longman, 1987.

 
Bonner, John. “Battle for Brazilian Mahogany.” New Scientist 144, no. 1948 (1994): 16–17.

  Boomert, Arie. “Gifts of the Amazons: Greenstone Pendants and Beads as Items of Ceremonial Exchange.” Antropológica 67 (1987): 33–54.

  Bormann, F. Herbert, and Gene E. Likens. Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem: Disturbance, Development and the Steady State. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1979.

  Botkin, Daniel. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Clarendon Press, 1990.

  Botting, Douglas. Humboldt and the Cosmos. London: Sphere Books, 1973.

  Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

  ———. Language and Symbolic Power. Ed. John B. Thompson, trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson. Cambridge: Polity, 1991.

  Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

  Branford, Sue, and Oriel Glock. The Last Frontier: Fighting for Land in the Amazon. London: Zed Press, 1985.

  Braun, Bruce. “Producing Vertical Territory: Geology and Governmentality in Late Victorian Canada.” Ecumene 7 (2000): 7–46.

  Braun, Bruce, and Noel Castree, eds. Remaking Reality: Nature at the Millennium. New York: Routledge, 1998.

  Bredekamp, Horst. The Lure of Antiquity and the Cult of the Machine: The Kunstkammer and the Evolution of Nature, Art and Technology. Trans. Allison Brown. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1995.

  Breymann, Walter Norman. The Opening of the Amazon 1540–1640. Unpbd. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, University of Illinois, 1950.

  Brockway, Lucile H. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanic Gardens. New York: Academic Press, 1979.

  Brosius, J. Peter. “Endangered Forest, Endangered People: Environmentalist Representations of Indigenous Knowledge.” Human Ecology 25, no. 1 (1997): 47–69.

  Browder, John O. “Lumber Production and Economic Development in the Brazilian Amazon: Regional Trends and a Case Study.” Journal of World Forest Resource Management 4 (1989): 1–19.

  Browder, John O., and Brian J. Godfrey. Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

  Brown, C. Barrington, and William Lidstone. Fifteen Thousand Miles on the Amazon and Its Tributaries. London: Edward Stanford, 1878.

  Brown, Jacqueline Nassy. “Black Liverpool, Black America and the Gendering of Diasporic Space.” Cultural Anthropology 13, no. 3 (1998): 291–325.

  ———. “Enslaving History: Narratives on Local Whiteness in a Black Atlantic Port.” American Ethnologist 27, no. 2 (2000): 340–70.

  Bruneau, Thomas C. “Brazil: The Catholic Church and Basic Christian Communities.” In Religion and Political Conflict in Latin America, ed. Daniel H. Levine, 106–23. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.

  Buarque de Holanda, Sérgio. História geral da civilização Brasileira. 3rd ed. São Paulo: Difusão Européia do Livro, 1970.

  Buarque, Manoel. Tocantins e Araguaya. Belém: Imprensa Oficial do Estado do Pará, 1919.

  Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989.

  Bunker, Stephen G. Underdeveloping the Amazon: Extraction, Unequal Exchange and the Failure of the Modern State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

  Bush, M. B., D. R. Piperno, and P. A. Colinvaux, “A 6,000 Year History of Amazonian Maize Cultivation.” Nature 340 (1989): 303–5.

  Burnett, D. Graham. Masters of All They Surveyed: Exploration, Geography, and a British El Dorado. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

  Butler, Judith. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York: Routledge, 1993.

  Calzavara, Batista B. G. “As possibilidades do açaizeiro no estuário Amazônico.” Boletim da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará 5 (1972).

  Camerini, Jane. “Wallace in the Field.” Osiris 11 (1996): 44–65.

  Cameron, Laura. “Histories of Disturbance.” Radical History Review 74 (1999): 4–24.

  Campbell, Mary B. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400–1600. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

  Cannon, Susan. Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period. New York: Neale Watson, 1978.

  Capistrano de Abreu, João. Chapters of Brazil’s Colonial History, 1500–1800. Trans. Arthur Brakel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  Carman, Allan. Monarch of Mahogany Visits Schmieg-Hungate & Kotzian, Being The History, Travels and Eventual Life of Perhaps the Oldest Living and Grandest King of the Wood of Woods. New York: Scribner, 190?.

  Carneiro da Cunha, Manuela. “Introdução a uma história indígena.” In História dos índios no Brasil, org. Manuela Carneiro da Cunha, 9–24. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1992.

  Carter, Harold B. Sir Joseph Banks, 1743–1820. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1988.

  Carter, Paul. The Road to Botany Bay: An Exploration of Landscape and History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.

  Casas, Bartoloméo de las. Breuissima relacion de la destruycion de las Indias. Seville: Sebastian Trugillo, 1552.

  Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

  Chambers, Robert. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. London: J. Churchill, 1844.

  Chandless, William. “Ascent of the River Purûs, and Notes on the River Aquiry.” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 35 (1866): 86–118.

  ———. “Notes on a Journey up the River Jurúa.” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 39 (1869): 296–310.

  ———. “Notes on the Rivers Maué-Assú, Abacaxis and Canuma.” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 40 (1870): 411–32.

  Chapman, George. “De Guiana carmen Epicum.” In Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation Made by Sea or Over-land to the Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters of the Earth at Any Time Within the Compasse of These 1600 Yeeres. Vol. 10, 451. Glasgow: James MacLehose, 1903–5.

  Chermont de Miranda, Vicente. Glossário Paraense ou coleção de vocábulos peculiares á Amazônia e especialmente á Ilha do Marajó. Belém: Universidade Federal do Pará, 1968.

  Chernela, Janet M. “Managing Rivers of Hunger: The Tukano of Brazil.” In Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, ed. Darrell A. Posey and William Balée, 238–48. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1989.

  Cleary, David. Anatomy of the Amazon Gold Rush. London: Macmillan, 1990.

  ———. “After the Frontier: Problems With Political Economy in the Modern Brazilian Amazon.” Journal of Latin American Studies 25, no. 2 (1993): 331–50.

  ———. “‘Lost Altogether to the Civilized World’: Race and the Cabanagem in Northern Brazil, 1750 to 1850.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 40 (1998): 109–35.

  ———. “Race, Nationalism and Social Theory in Brazil: Rethinking Gilberto Freyre.” Economic and Social Research Council Transnational Communities Programme, Working Papers Series: WPTC-99-09, Oxford, 1999.

  ———. “Tristes Trope-iques: Science and the Representation of Nature in Amazonia Since the Eighteenth Century.” Paper presented to the Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, May 11, 2000.

  ———. “Towards an Environmental History of the Amazon: From Prehistory to the Nineteenth Century.” Latin American Research Review 36, no. 2 (2001): 65–96.

  Clements, Harry. Alfred Russel Wallace: Biologist and Social Reformer. London: Hutchinson, 1983.

  Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988.

  Clodd, Edward. “Memoir.” In Henry Walter Bates, The Naturalist o
n the River Amazons: A Record of Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature Under the Equator, During Eleven Years of Travel, xvii–lxxxix. Unabridged commemorative ed. London: John Murray, 1892.

  Clulee, Nicholas H. John Dee’s Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion. London: Routledge, 1988.

  Cohn, Bernard S. Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

  Colp, Ralph, Jr. “‘I Will Gladly Do My Best.’ How Charles Darwin Obtained a Civil List Pension for Alfred Russel Wallace.” Isis 83 (1992): 3–26.

  Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Decorative Wood Labeling and Use of the Term “Mahogany,” Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964.

  Conklin, Beth A. “Body Paint, Feathers, and VCRs: Aesthetics and Authenticity in Amazonian Activism.” American Ethnologist 24, no. 4 (1997): 711–37.

  Conklin, Beth A., and Laura R. Graham. “The Shifting Middle-Ground: Amazonian Indians and and Eco-politics.” American Anthropologist 97, no. 4 (1995): 695–710.

  Coomes, Oliver T. “Blackwater Rivers, Adaptation, and Environmental Heterogeneity in Amazonia.” American Anthropologist 94, no. 3 (1992): 698–701.

  Cosgrove, Denis E. Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape. London: Croom Helm, 1984.

  Cosgrove, Denis E., and Stephen Daniels, eds. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

  Cronon, William. “A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative.” Journal of American History 78, no. 4 (1992): 1347–76.