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The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich

Page 33

by Daniel Ammann


  Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 45–46

  Gulf of Aqaba, 54, 65–66

  Gulf Oil, 55–57, 101, 183–85

  Gulf War, 155

  Hachuel, Jacques, 75–76, 81, 83, 100, 175

  Hackel, Alexander “Alec,” 75–76, 83, 113, 115, 191, 229

  Harkin, Tom, 250

  Hart, Hugh, 188

  Harvard Business School, 85

  Heartfield, John, 19

  Hefner, Hugh, 108

  Hemingway, Ernest, 23–24

  “High-trust” societies, 87

  Hill, Ken, 5, 10, 67, 154–57, 160, 164–65, 230

  Hitler, Adolf, 26, 29, 50, 214

  Hoffmann-La Roche, 235

  Holder, Eric, 255–57

  Holocaust, 12–13, 28–29

  House Committee on Government Operations, 133, 164, 165–66

  House Committee on Government Reform, 2, 16, 17, 137–38, 165–66, 177–78, 250–51, 255–57

  Hull, Cordell, 31

  Hunt for Marc Rich, 151–66

  Hussein, Saddam, 231–32, 265

  Ibárruri Gómez, Dolores, 23–24

  IMF (International Monetary Fund), 186–87

  Immigrant mentality, 18

  Indonesia, 54

  Indictment of Marc Rich, 8, 116–17

  Industrial espionage, 78–79

  Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 106–7, 122–23, 124

  International Monetary Fund (IMF), 186–87

  International Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (IMAC), 126–27, 284n

  Interpol, 152, 159, 161, 162

  Red Notice, 133–34

  Iran, 90–102, 195

  hostage crisis (1979), 95–97, 99, 116–17

  Khomeini’s return, 93–95

  Monsieur Ndolo and, 182–83

  nationalization of oil fields, 57–58

  oil shock of 1979, 97–102

  Rich as informal mediator between Israel and, 207–8

  secret oil pipeline, 64–70, 72–74, 79–80, 207–8

  trade embargo, 8, 54, 96–97, 116–17, 137, 141

  Yom Kippur War, 70–72

  Iran-Contra affair, 141, 170

  Iranian Consortium, 101, 282n

  Iran Revolution, 90–97, 190–91

  Iraq, 54, 57–58, 231–32

  Iraq War, 265

  IRS (Internal Revenue Service), 106–7, 122–23, 124

  Isikoff, Michael, 241–42

  Islamic (Iran) Revolution, 90–97, 190–91

  Islamist fundamentalism, 270–71

  Israel

  assistance to Mossad by Marc Rich, 203–8, 259

  daughter Gabrielle’s grave in, 212–13

  Iran Revolution and, 92–94, 102–4

  Palestinians and, 94, 247–49, 259, 270

  reconciliation between Egypt and, 198–200

  Rich as informal mediator between Iran and, 207–8

  secret oil pipeline, 64–70, 79–80, 207–8

  Six-Day War, 54, 65, 198

  Spain and Franco and, 50

  terrorist attack (1985), 197–98

  Yom Kippur War, 71–72

  Italy, 70, 86–87

  Jaffe, Amy Myers, 104

  Jagger, Mick, 7

  Jamaica, 162, 181, 185–89, 194

  James Baker Institute, 104

  Japan, 87

  Jesselson, Ludwig, 40, 48, 63, 71–74, 76

  Jewish Diaspora, 39–40

  John Templeton Foundation, 275

  Jones, Geoffrey, 85

  Jordan, 54, 248

  Juan Carlos I of Spain, 246

  Justice Department, U.S., 106–24, 128, 135–36, 151–59, 167–73, 200–201, 244–45

  Kansas City, Missouri, 33–34

  Kekst, Gershon, 244

  Kennedy, Edward, 250

  Kennedy, John F., 11

  Khomeini, Ruhollah Musavi, 93–104

  business dealings with Marc Rich, 98–102

  Iran hostage crisis and, 95–97, 99

  return to Iran, 93–95

  Khuzestan, 91

  Kickbacks, 16, 177–78

  Kissinger, Henry A., 111

  Kopp-Iklé, Elisabeth, 148–49, 212

  Korean War, 35, 37, 43

  Korngold, Eric “Maxie,” 34–35

  Kristallnacht, 26

  Kroll, Inc., 158

  Kuwait, 54, 57–58, 104

  Laingen, Bruce, 95–96

  Landes, David S., 27

  Lang, Josef, 162–63

  Lebanon, 160, 247, 270

  Lebedkin, Max, 221–22

  Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris), 10

  Lehman Brothers, 175

  Leutert, Jürg, 125–27, 130–33

  Levi, Michael, 142

  Lewinsky, Monica, 251, 258

  Libby, I. Lewis “Scooter,” 135, 137–38

  Liberalization, 267

  Libya, 17, 54, 58, 72

  Limits to Growth (Club of Rome), 14

  Little Caesar (movie), 122

  Lodish, Alvin D., 130

  London Metal Exchange (LME), 226–27, 230–31

  Long-term vs. short-term thinking, 175–76

  “Low-trust” societies, 86–87

  Loyalty, 78, 87

  Lucas, George, 111

  Lynch, Gerard E., 170–71

  McCarthy, Joseph, 108

  MacDonald, J. Ross, 131

  Machain, Humberto Álvarez, 153

  Madrid, Spain, 48–51

  Maier, Harold G., 131

  Mallory, George, 236–37

  Mandela, Nelson, 196

  Manganese, 44, 47, 60, 191

  Manley, Michael, 185–87

  Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), 43

  Marbella, Spain, 48, 133

  Marc Rich + Co. AG, 14–15, 75–91, 223

  business with Ayatollah Khomeini, 98–102

  the case against Marc Rich and, 106–24

  defections from, 228–29

  as defense contractor, 86

  departure of Marc Rich, 232–35

  founding of, 75–79

  invention of spot market, 83–86

  Israel oil pipeline, 63–70, 79–80

  operating philosophy of, 82–83

  as pioneer of globalization, 89–91

  risk level and, 82–83

  secrets of success, 174–96

  Swiss secrecy, 76–78, 98, 112–13, 127

  trust and, 86–88

  vendetta against Philipp Brothers and, 78–79

  zinc market, 225–27

  Marc Rich + Co. Investment AG, 236

  Marc Rich Foundation, 248–50

  Marc Rich International, 106–7, 112–13, 116–17, 119–24

  Mariam, Mengistu Haile, 204–5

  Marseille, France, 29–30

  Marshals Service, U.S., 32, 141, 149–66, 229–30

  Marx, Karl, 14

  Mattei, Enrico, 278n, 280n

  Maugeri, Leonardo, 277n

  Media relations of Marc Rich, 139–41, 230–32

  Mehrabad International Airport, 93

  Meir, Golda, 64–65

  Melekh, Igor, 108

  Melrose Bag & Burlap Company, 35

  Mercury, 42–45, 49–50

  Metallgesellschaft AG, 226–27

  Metal Men (Copetas), 8, 47, 104, 177

  Metals trade, 38–39

  Metal Traders of the World, 11

  Microsoft, 14

  Mikulski, Barbara, 250

  Milgrim, Thomajan & Lee, 113–14

  Mina, Parviz, 67–68, 79–80, 92

  Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, 43, 49–50

  Minoil, 191–92

  Mobil, 55–57, 58, 101

  Monviso, 30, 47

  Morgan Stanley, 175

  Morocco, 30–31

  Moses, 64

  Mossad, 5, 65, 104, 160, 203–8, 259

  Mossadegh, Mohammad, 67, 96, 280n

  MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), 183–85

  Mubarak, Hosni, 198, 200
<
br />   Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, 95–96

  My Life (Clinton), 11

  Namibia, 181

  Nasser, Abdel, 43, 54, 65

  National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), 65–67, 79–80, 92, 98–102, 117, 145, 177, 190, 207–8

  Nationalizations of oil industry, 57–58

  National Review, 242

  “Ndolo, Monsieur,” 181–83

  Neale, Alan, 131–32

  Ness, Eliot, 138

  Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 128

  Newsweek, 241–42

  New York Department of Taxation and Finance, 260–61

  New York Times, 8, 124, 242, 257

  New York University, 36

  Nicaragua, 141, 179

  Nigeria, 16, 100, 101–2, 177, 196

  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), 100

  9/11 Commission, 203

  NIOC (National Iranian Oil Company), 65–67, 79–80, 92, 98–102, 117, 145, 177, 190, 207–8

  Nixon, Richard, 57, 72, 117, 122, 145–46, 199

  Nolan, Beth, 240–41, 255–57

  North Korea, 35

  Nuclear energy, 265

  Nuremberg Laws, 25–26

  Obama, Barack, 266

  Obermaier, Otto G., 168–71

  October Revolution (1917), 61

  Oil nationalizations, 57–58

  Oil price per barrel

  Marc Rich on future, 264–65, 270–71

  38.5 to 55.1, 81

  2.00, 14

  2.50 to 3.00, 56–57

  5.00, 71

  8.00, 192

  10.75 to 13.39, 95

  11.60, 73

  13.34, 95

  28.00, 95

  38.00 to 50.00, 97–98

  Oil trade (trading), 53–74, 79–86, 174–75

  embargo, 54–55, 81, 99–101, 117

  globalization of, 89–91

  Marc Rich on future of, 264–65, 270–71

  nationalizations and, 57–58

  price controls, 117–20

  secret pipeline in Israel, 64–70, 79–80

  Seven Sisters oligopoly and, 55–57

  shock of 1974, 81–82, 86

  shock of 1979, 97–102

  spot market, 1–2, 13–14, 56, 70, 71–73, 82, 83–86, 101–2

  Oil transport, 59–61, 69, 84–85, 189–90

  Oligopoly, 56, 84–85

  Olmert, Ehud, 11, 246

  OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), 57–58, 67, 70–71, 72

  oil price per barrel, 95, 97–98

  Operation Magic Carpet, 205–6

  Operation Moses, 204

  Ortega, Daniel, 179

  Oslo Accords, 247–49

  Otford Project, 154

  Outsider status of Marc Rich, 32–33

  Pahlavi, Ashraf, Princess, 217

  Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza (Shah of Iran), 64–67, 90–91, 92, 94, 96, 102–3, 190–91

  Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 50

  Palestinians, 94, 247–49, 259, 270

  “Paradox of plenty,” 15

  Paribas, 80

  “Peak oil,” 14, 278n

  Peres, Shimon, 103–4, 247–50, 258–59

  Perkins, Richard, 100–101

  Permissible average markup (PAM), 118–19

  Persian Gulf, 54–55

  Petty Gem Shop, 34

  Philanthropy of Marc Rich, 237–38, 270

  Philip IV of France, 39

  Philipp, Julius, 38

  Philipp, Oscar, 38

  Philipp Brothers, 36–51

  apprenticeship at, 37–38, 40–41

  creating a market, 42–43

  Cuba assignment, 45–47

  departure of Marc Rich and Pinky Green, 73–74

  Madrid assignment, 48–51

  oil trade, 53–54, 55, 58–59, 63–64, 71–72, 73

  sensitive assignments, 44–45

  vendetta against, 78–79

  Playboy, 108, 241

  PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), 50

  Pogroms, 39

  Poland, 25, 26

  Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 183–85

  Prestige, 231

  Price per barrel

  Marc Rich on future, 264–65, 270–71

  38.5 to 55.1, 81

  2.00, 14

  2.50 to 3.00, 56–57

  5.00, 71

  8.00, 192

  10.75 to 13.39, 95

  11.60, 73

  13.34, 95

  28.00, 95

  38.00 to 50.00, 97–98

  Princeton University, 106

  Private life of the Riches, 209–24

  Przemyl, Poland, 26

  Publicity and Marc Rich, 139–41, 230–32

  Pyrite, 46–47

  Qaddafi, Muammar, 17

  Querub, Isaac, 14, 42, 194, 211

  Quinn, Jack, 5

  Clinton pardon and, 239–41, 243–46, 249, 251–52, 254, 255–56, 258–59

  flaws in Marc Rich Case, 135–39, 142

  negotiations about Marc Rich case, 170–71

  Quirós, Antonio, 48–49

  Qurei, Ahmed, 248

  Rabin, Yitzhak, 103, 204–5, 208, 249

  Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO), 110, 122–23, 135–36, 139–40

  Rand, Ayn, 180–81

  Ras Burqa attack, 197–200

  “Rational egoism,” 180

  Ratliff, David, 107

  Ravenswood Aluminum Corporation, 230–31

  Reagan, Ronald, 118, 141, 158

  Realpolitik, 203–8

  Regulations, 118–19, 267

  Reichmuth, Karl, 18

  Religious fundamentalism, 270–71

  Renationalization, 268

  Renewable energy, 264–65

  “Resource curse,” 15, 279n

  Rezai, Ali, 67–68, 79–80, 92

  Rhodes Preparatory School, 36

  Rich, Danielle (daughter), 4–5, 21, 209–12, 215, 220, 237

  Rich, David (father), 25–36, 76, 212–13, 217

  Rich, Denise Eisenberg (ex-wife), 5, 209–24

  blind date with Marc Rich, 213–15

  Clinton pardon and, 250–54, 258

 

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