Feral Cities

by Tristan Donovan

  Martin, Emer. “Fox Attacks Man, Woman and Cat at Their Home in South London.” London Evening Standard, July 10, 2013. www.standard.co.uk/news/london/fox-attacks-man-woman-and-cat-at-their-home-in-south-london-8699892.html.

  Mills, David. “Mugged by a Fox for a Stick of Garlic Bread.” News Shopper, March 9, 2012. www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/9581004.Mugged_by_a_fox_for_a_stick_of_garlic_bread.

  Texas A&M University-Kingsville. “What Is a Javelina?” Official website, May 6, 2011. www.tamuk.edu/about/what_is_a_javelina.html.

  2. Voodoo Chickens

  CBS Miami. “Python Attacks and Kills 60-Lb Husky.” September 10, 2013. http://miami.cbslocal.com/2013/09/10/python-attacks-and-kills-60-lb-husky.

  Enge, Kevin M. “FWC Bioprofile for the Argentine Black and White Tegu (Tupinambis merianae).” Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, September 2006. Available at Florida Invasive Species Partnership, www.floridainvasives.org/Heartland/links/TeguBioprofileSep2006.pdf.

  Gingell, Fred. “Iguana iguana.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2005. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Iguana_iguana.

  Hamacher, Brian, and Keith Jones. “13-Foot Python Found in Hialeah Homeowner’s Shed.” NBC 6 South Florida, August 6, 2013. www.nbcmiami.com/news/13-Foot-Python-Found-in-Hialeah-Homeowners-Shed-218365901.html.

  Hutt, Katherine. “Gang Violence Tarnishing Little Haiti.” Ocala Star-Banner, August 13, 1996.

  Maza, Erik. “Miami’s Chicken Busters Are No More.” Miami New Times, February 16, 2010. www.miaminewtimes.com/2010-02-18/news/miami-s-chicken-busters-are-no-more.

  Munzenrieder, Kyle. “Snail Mucus Swallowing Leaves Religious Followers Sick.” Miami New Times, March 11, 2010. http://blogs.miaminewtimes.com/riptide/2010/03/snail_mucus_swallowing_leaves.php.

  Scheub, Harold. A Dictionary of African Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  3. The Great Sparrow Mystery

  Anderson, Ted R. Biology of the Ubiquitous House Sparrow: From Genes to Populations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

  Balmori, Alfonso, and Orjan Hallberg. “The Urban Decline of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): A Possible Link with Electromagnetic Radiation.” Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 26 (2007): 141–151.

  Boersma, P. Dee, S. H. Reichard, and A. N. Van Buren, eds. Invasive Species in the Pacific Northwest. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006.

  Breitwisch, R., and M. Breitwisch. “House Sparrows Open an Automatic Doors.” Wilson Bulletin 103 (1991): 725–726.

  Brockie, R. E., and Barry O’Brien. “House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) Opening Autodoors.” Notornis 51 (2004): 52.

  Brook, R. K. “House Sparrows Feeding at Night in New York.” Auk 90 (1973): 206.

  Broun, Maurice. “House Sparrows Feeding Young at Night.” Auk 88 (1971): 924–925.

  Crick, Humphrey Q. P., Robert A. Robinson, Graham F. Appleton, Nigel A. Clark, and Angela D. Rickard, eds. Investigation into the Causes of the Decline of Starlings and House Sparrows in Great Britain. British Trust for Ornithology Research report 290 (July 2002).

  Encyclopedia of Life. Invasive Species: Starlings Podcast. iTunes podcast, January 24, 2013.

  Feare, Christopher. The Starling. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

  Grinnell, Joseph. “The English Sparrow Has Arrived in Death Valley: An Experiment in Nature.” American Naturalist 628 (1919): 468–472.

  Homan, H. Jeffrey, Howard R. Channing, Judy S. Loven, Erin E. Meredith, Scott A. Stippich, and Carl A. Voglewede. “Movements and Site Use of European Starlings Wintering in Indianapolis, Indiana.” Unpublished paper, USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, 2008.

  Kalmus, H. “Wall Clinging: Energy Saving by the House Sparrow Passer domesticus.” IBIS 126 (1984): 72–74.

  Martin II, Lynn B., and Lisa Fitzgerald. “A Taste for Novelty in Invading House Sparrows, Passer domesticus.” Behavioural Ecology 16 (2005): 702–707.

  Matthews, John. Complete American Armoury and Blue Book: Combining 1903, 1907 and 1911–23. Baltimore: Clearfield Company, 1991.

  Potts, G. R. “Urban Starling Roosts in the British Isles.” Bird Study 14 (1967): 25–42.

  Robbins, Chandler S. “Introduction, Spread, and Present Abundance of the House Sparrow in North America.” Ornithological Monographs 14 (1973): 3–9.

  Robinson, Robert A., Gavin M. Siriwardena, and Humphrey Q. P. Crick. “Size and Trends of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus Population in Great Britain.” IBIS 147 (2005): 552–562.

  Shaw, Lorna M., Dan Chamberlain, and Matthew Evans. “The House Sparrow Passer domesticus in Urban Areas: Reviewing a Possible Link Between Post-Decline Distribution and Human Socioeconomic Status.” Journal of Ornithology 149 (2008): 293–299.

  Singh, Madhur. “Heroes of the Environment 2008: Mohammed Dilawar.” Time, September 24, 2008. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1841778_1841782_1841791,00.html.

  Summers-Smith, J. Denis. “Changes in the House Sparrow Population in Britain.” International Studies on Sparrows 30 (2005): 23–37.

  ———. On Sparrows and Man. Guisborough, UK: Thersby Group, 2005.

  4. Street Hunters

  Associated Press. “Wild Boar Attack Leaves Four Injured in Berlin.” Guardian, October 30, 2012. www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/30/wild-boar-attack-berlin.

  Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment. “The History of Berlin’s Urban Green Space.” Official website. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/stadtgruen/geschichte/en/stadtgruen/index.shtml.

  Braun, Stuart. “In Gritty Berlin, Green Space Plays a Surprisingly Large Role.” DW, April 12, 2011. www.dw.de/in-gritty-berlin-green-space-plays-a-surprisingly-large-role/a-14983881.

  Carter, Kimberlee. “Martes foina.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2004. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Martes_foina.

  Chinitophd. “Raccoons in Germany: A Matter of Fashion …” The Amazingly Normal Adventures of El Chinito (blog), October 4, 2012. http://chinitophd.wordpress.com/2012/10/04/raccoons-in-germany-a-matter-of-fashion.

  Chu, Henry. “Unfortunately for Germany, It’s a Wonderland for Raccoons.” Los Angeles Times, September 26, 2012. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/26/world/la-fg-germany-raccoons-20120927.

  Fashion Encyclopedia. “Raccoon Coat.” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1919-1929/Raccoon-Coat.html.

  Gehrt, Stanley D., Seth P. D. Riley, and Brian L. Cypher, eds. Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict and Conservation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

  Gross, Justin, Françoise Elvinger, Laura L. Hungerford, and Stanley D. Gehrt. “Raccoon Use of the Urban Matrix in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area, Maryland.” Urban Ecosystems 15 (2012): 667–682.

  Herr, Jan. “Ecology and Behaviour of Urban Stone Martens (Martes foina) in Luxembourg.” PhD thesis, University of Sussex, 2008.

  Kotulski, York, and Andreas König. “Conflicts, Crises and Challenges: Wild Boar in the Berlin City—A Social Empirical and Statistical Survey.” Natura Croatica 17 (2008): 233–246.

  Lachat, Nicole. “Stone Martens and Cars: A Beginning War?” Mustelid & Viverrid Conservation, October 1991, 4–6.

  Local, The. “Stone Martens Are Coming for Your Car.” July 16, 2009. www.thelocal.de/20090716/20633.

  Mösken, Anne Lena. “Park der Mauern.” Berliner Zeitung, June 13, 2009. www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/auf-dem-frueheren-todesstreifen-liegt-berlins-bunteste-gruenflaeche---doch-es-gibt-streit-um-die-zukunft-park-der-mauern,10810590,10645814.html.

  Nicholson, Esme. “In Berlin, a Boar of a Story.” NPR, November 20, 2012. www.npr.org/2012/11/06/164435055/in-berlin-a-boar-of-a-story.

  Project Waschbär. “Allgemeine Angaben.” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.projekt-waschbaer.de/allgemeine-angaben.

  Ridgley, Heidi. “The Boar Wars.” National Wildlife, April 1, 2
006. www.nwf.org/news-and-magazines/national-wildlife/animals/archives/2006/the-boar-wars.aspx.

  Robertson, Joanna. “The Battle for Berlin’s Gardens.” BBC Radio 4, August 7, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8892623.stm.

  Schulz, Matthias. “Raccoon Invasion: Germany Overrun by Hordes of Masked Omnivores.” Spiegel Online, August 3, 2012. www.spiegel.de/international/germany/germany-overrun-by-raccoon-invasion-a-847847.html.

  Somaskanda, Sumi. “Berlin Fights Boar Wars, as Wild Swine Swagger Through City Streets.” Washington Times, May 12, 2011. www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/12/berlin-fights-boar-wars-as-wild-swine-swagger-thro.

  Spiegel Online. “Furry Interloper: Berlin Hotel Unsure How to Deal with Raccoon Guest.” June 16, 2008. www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/furry-interloper-berlin-hotel-unsure-how-to-deal-with-raccoon-guest-a-559949.html.

  Walker, Marcus. “In Berlin’s Boar War, Some Side with the Hogs.” Wall Street Journal, December 16, 2008. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB122937877627908421.

  Wickline, Kristin. “Sus scrofa.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2014. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sus_scrofa.

  5. Romancing Coyotes

  Brown, Justin L. “The Influence of Coyotes on an Urban Canada Goose Population in the Chicago Metropolitan Area.” Master’s thesis, Ohio State University, 2007.

  Chicago Tribune. “So This Coyote Walks into a Quiznos …” April 4, 2007. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-04-04/news/0704040747_1_coyote-anne-kent-bina-patel.

  Cook County, Illinois, Coyote Project. “The Coyote-Wildlife Relationship.” Official website. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.urbancoyoteresearch.com/Relationship_to_other_wildlife.htm.

  Dell’Amore, Christine. “City Slinkers.” Smithsonian Magazine, March 2006. www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/city-slinkers-12208091.

  Gehrt, Stanley D., Seth P. D. Riley, and Brian L. Cypher, eds. Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict and Conservation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

  Lloyd, Robin. “How Birds Can Down a Jet Airplane.” LiveScience, January 15, 2009. www.livescience.com/3239-birds-jet-airplane.html.

  McCoy, Nicole H. “Economic Tools for Managing Impacts of Urban Canada Geese.” Human Conflicts with Widlife: Economic Considerations paper 12 (2000).

  Metz, Rachel. “Coyotes Take to City Streets.” Wired, February 2, 2006. http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/02/70136.

  6. Thieves in the Temple

  Bamford, Helen. “Infamous Baboon Put Down.” IOL News, March 26, 2011. www.iol.co.za/scitech/science/environment/infamous-baboon-put-down-1.1047651.

  ———. “Infamous Fred Remembered.” IOL News, April 3, 2011. www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/infamous-fred-remembered-1.1051260.

  ———. “Two More Baboons Put Down.” IOL News, July 23, 2011. www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/two-more-baboons-put-down-1.1104580.

  Barilla, James. My Backyard Jungle. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013.

  BBC News. “Monkeys Attack Delhi Politician.” October 21, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7055625.stm.

  Express India. “Deputy Mayor Bajwa Falls Off Terrace, Admitted at Apollo ICU.” October 21, 2007.

  Gentleman, Amelia. “Monkeys in the Parks, Monkeys in the Palace.” New York Times, November 14, 2007. www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/world/asia/14delhi.html.

  Gosling, Melanie. “Of Baboons and Humans …” IOL News, September 22, 2008. www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/of-baboons-and-humans-1.417333.

  Grimes, Stephanie. “Looting Baboons Raid South African Apartment.” Las Vegas Review-Journal, December 11, 2013. www.reviewjournal.com/news/looting-baboons-raid-south-african-apartment.

  Harris, Gardiner. “Indians Feed the Monkeys, Which Bite the Hand.” New York Times, May 22, 2012. www.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/world/asia/fed-by-indians-monkeys-overwhelm-delhi.html.

  Hartley, Aziz. “Man Dies After Baboon Shoves Him.” IOL News, June 1, 2009. www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/man-dies-after-baboon-shoves-him-1.472609.

  Hindu, The. “Deputy Mayor Dies After Fall from Terrace.” October 22, 2007. www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/deputy-mayor-dies-after-fall-from-terrace/article1934364.ece.

  Hoffman, Tali S., and M. Justin O’Riain. “Monkey Management: Using Spatial Ecology to Understand the Extent and Severity of Human-Baboon Conflict in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.” Ecology and Society 17 (2012): 13.

  Huffington Post. “Baboon Ambushes Woman Carrying Groceries in Cape Town, Makes Off with Veggies.” September 20, 2013. www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/20/baboon-ambushes-woman-groceries-cape-town-veggies_n_3957474.html.

  Jaman, M. Firoj, and Michael A. Huffman. “The Effect of Urban and Rural Habitat and Resource Type on Activity Budgets of Commensal Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) in Bangladesh.” Primates 54 (2010): 49–59.

  Kaplan, Bentley S., M. Justin O’Riain, Rowen van Eeden, and Andrew J. King. “A Low-Cost Manipulation of Food Resources Reduces Spatial Overlap Between Baboons (Papio ursinus) and Humans in Conflict.” International Journal of Primatology 32 (2011): 1397–1412.

  Kumar Dash, Dipak. “Ban On, Langurs Out of Monkey Business.” Times of India, February 7, 2013. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Ban-on-langurs-out-of-monkey-business/articleshow/18374810.cms.

  Monkey Thieves, episode “Coming of Age.” National Geographic Channel. Posted on YouTube by XiveTV, July 9, 2013. http://youtu.be/ZeE0Y8ENnjg.

  Pandey, Geeta. “Delhi Metro in Monkey Business.” BBC News, August 2, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/5238626.stm.

  Southwick, Charles, and M. Farooq Siddiqi. “India’s Rhesus Populations: Protectionism vs. Conservation Management.” In Monkeys on the Edge: Ecology and Management of Long-Tailed Macaques and Their Interface with Humans, edited by Agustín Fuentes and Michael D. Gumert. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

  Times of India. “JMC Fails to Curb Monkey Menace in City.” May 19, 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/JMC-fails-to-curb-monkey-menace-in-city/articleshow/4549587.cms?referral=PM.

  Vlahos, James. “Howl.” Outside, January 28, 2009. www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/nature/Howl.html.

  Vyawahare, Malavika. “A Conversation With: Delhi’s Wildlife Warden.” New York Times, May 23, 2012. http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/23/a-conversation-with-delhis-wildlife-warden.

  Waite, Tom A., Anil K. Chhangani, Lesley G. Campbell, Lal S. Rajpurohit, and Surendra M. Mohnot. “Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered Against Catastrophic Die-Off During ENSO-Related Drought.” EcoHealth 3 (2007): 278–286.

  Yeld, John. “William the Baboon Trapped and Killed.” IOL News, July 7, 2010. www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/william-the-baboon-trapped-and-killed-1.489119.

  7. The Lion of Hollywood

  Agence France-Presse. “Leopard Filmed Snatching Dog from Mumbai Home.” NDTV, June 27, 2013. www.ndtv.com/article/cities/leopard-filmed-snatching-dog-from-mumbai-home-385026.

  Athreya, Vidya, and Vidya Venkatesh. Mumbaikars for SGNP 2011–2012. Forest Department & Centre for Wildlife Studies report (2012).

  BBC News. “Leopard Dies from People Attack.” January 18, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6274415.stm.

  BBC Two. “Leopards: 21st Century Cats.” First broadcast August 8, 2013.

  Beckmann, Jon P., Leslie Karasin, Cecily Costello, Sean Matthews, and Zoë Smith. Coexisting with Black Bears: Perspectives from Four Case Studies Across North America. Bozeman, MT: Wildlife Conservation Society, 2008.

  Beier, Paul, Seth P. D. Riley, and Raymond M. Sauvajot. “Mountain Lions (Puma concolor).” In Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation, edited by Gehrt, Stanley D., Seth P. D. Riley, and Brian L. Cypher. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

  Bhagat, Simit. “Spotted: Ajoba’s Trek from Malshej Ghat to National Park.” Times of India, June 30, 2010.

>   Bhattasali, Amitabha. “Leopard in Deadly Attack in Indian City of Guwahati.” BBC News, January 9, 2012. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-16473569.

  Bidkar, Manoj, and Siddharth Gadkari. “Big Cat’s Big Adventure.” Pune Mirror, July 13, 2010.

  Biswas, Partha Sarathi. “City Anchor: Leopards Thrive Unnoticed in Human-Populated Area.” Indian Express, February 22, 2013. http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/city-anchor-leopards-thrive-unnoticed-in-humanpopulated-areas/1077943.

  Davidson, Neil. The Early History of “Non-Lethal Weapons.” Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project occasional paper 1 (December 2006). www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/nlw/research_reports/docs/BNLWRP_OP1_Dec06.pdf.

  Groves, Martha. “Scientists Track Cougar’s Wild Nightlife Above Hollywood.” Los Angeles Times, October 4, 2013. www.latimes.com/local/la-me-griffith-park-lion-20131005-story.html.

  Hindu, The. “Girl Falls Prey to Leopard in Mumbai.” July 17, 2012. www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/article3646930.ece.

  Kertson, Brian N., Rocky D. Spencer, and Christian E. Grue. “Cougar Prey Use in a Wildland-Urban Environment in Western Washington.” Northwestern Naturalist 92 (2011): 175–185.

  KOLO 8. “Mountain Lion Cornered in Downtown Reno.” August 24, 2012. www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/167312605.html.

  Lenin, Janaki. “Sugarcane Leopards.” Current Conservation 4, no. 4 (2010).

  Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. District Environmental Atlas of Pune District. MPCB, 2006. http://mpcb.gov.in/relatedtopics/PuneDEA_Annexure%20I.pdf.

  McKenzie, John A. “The Demographic and Nutritional Benefits of Urban Habitat Use by Elk.” Master’s thesis, University of Guelph, 2001.

  NDTV. “Leopard Sighting Triggers Panic, 30,000 People Under House Arrest.” December 26, 2011. www.ndtv.com/article/cities/leopard-sighting-triggers-panic-30-000-people-under-house-arrest-160816.

  9News. “Dumpster-Diving Bear Caught on Camera.” August 1, 2013. www.9news.com/story/local/2013/08/01/1870876.

  Ordeñana, Miguel. “What’s on P22’s Menu?” Urban Carnivores, September 24, 2013. www.urbancarnivores.com/miguels-blog/2013/9/24/whats-on-p-22s-menu.