Feral Cities
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Southeast Lifestyle. “Bears in Urban Areas (Health Information).” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.selifestyle.com/Bears.html.
Thaxton, Zach. “Mtn. Lion Snatches Dog Being Walked on Leash Near Broadmoor.” KOAA 5, March 19, 2013. www.koaa.com/news/mtn-lion-snatches-dog-being-walked-on-leash-near-broadmoor.
8. Singing a Different Song
Arroyo-Solís, A., J. M. Castillo, E. Figueroa, J. L. López-Sánchez, and H. Slabbekoorn. “Experimental Evidence for an Impact of Anthropogenic Noise on Dawn Chorus Timing in Urban Birds.” Journal of Avian Biology 44 (2013): 288–296.
Avian Welfare Coalition. “Frequently Asked Questions About Monk Parrots (Myiopsitta monachus), Also Known as Quaker or Monk Parakeets.” Official website. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.avianwelfare.org/issues/forum.htm.
Badger, Emily. “Sparrows Actually Change Their Tune to Sing over the Noise of the City.” Atlantic Cities, April 4, 2012. www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2012/04/sparrows-actually-change-their-song-sing-over-noise-city/1667.
Barrett, David. “Bel Air Fire.” Los Angeles Fire Department Historical Society. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.lafdmuseum.org/bel-air-fire.
Bittner, Mark. The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, 2004.
Chonghaile, Clar Ni. “Kenyan Rubbish Dump Offers Little Money for Much Misery.” Guardian, September 18, 2012. www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/sep/18/money-misery-nairobi-dandora-dump.
Clucas, Barbara, and John M. Marzluff. “Coupled Relationships Between Humans and Other Organisms in Urban Areas.” In Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes, and Applications, edited by Jari Niemelä, Jürgen H. Breuste, Glenn Guntenspergen, Nancy E. McIntyre, Thomas Elmqvist, and Philip James. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Dobson, Roger. “Twitter in the City: The Urban Life of Birds.” Independent, January 31, 2011.
Dowling, J. L., D. A. Luther, and P. P. Marra. “Comparative Effects of Urban Development and Anthropogenic Noise on Bird Songs.” Behavioral Ecology, 2011. http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/11/11/beheco.arr176.full.
Environmental Protection Agency. “Urban Heat Island Basics.” In Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies. EPA, October 2008. www.epa.gov/heatisland/resources/pdf/BasicsCompendium.pdf.
Frey, Corinne M., Gergely Rigo, and Eberhard Parlow. “Investigation of the Daily Urban Cooling Island (UCI) in Two Coastal Cities in an Arid Environment: Dubai and Abu Dhabi (U.A.E.).” ISPRS Archives 36, part 8/W27 (2005).
Garrett, Kimball L. “Population Status and Distribution of Naturalized Parrots in Southern California.” Western Birds 28 (1997): 181–195.
Garrett, Kimball L., Karen T. Mabb, Charles T. Collins, and Lisa M. Kares. “Food Items of Naturalized Parrots in Southern California.” Western Birds 28 (1997): 196–201.
Gehrt, Stanley D., Seth P. D. Riley, and Brian L. Cypher, eds. Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict and Conservation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
Groffman, Peter M., Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Neil D. Bettez, J. Morgan Grove, Sharon J. Hall, James B. Heffernan, Sarah E. Hobbie, et al. “Ecological Homogenization of Urban USA.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12 (2014): 74–81.
Haag-Wackernagel, Daniel. “The Feral Pigeon.” Research Group Integrative Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel. Accessed August 20, 2014. http://anatomie.unibas.ch/IntegrativeBiology/haag/Culture-History-Pigeon/feral-pigeon-haag.html.
Human Planet, episode “Cities: Surviving the Urban Jungle.” Directed by Mark Flowers. First broadcast by BBC One, March 3, 2011.
Humphries, Courtney. Superdove. New York: Smithsonian Books, 2008.
Jerzak, Leszek. “Synurbanization of the Magpie in the Palearctic.” In Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, edited by John Marzluff, Reed Bowman, and Roarke Donnelly. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
Johnston, Richard F., and Marián Janiga. Feral Pigeons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Lowry, Hélène, Alan Lill, and Bob B. M. Wong. “How Noisy Does a Noisy Miner Have to Be? Amplitude Adjustments of Alarm Calls in an Avian Urban ‘Adapter.’” PLoS One 7 (2012).
Martin, Glen. Game Changer: Animal Rights and the Fate of Africa’s Wildlife. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.
Marzluff, John. Gifts of the Crow: How Perception, Emotion, and Thought Allow Smart Birds to Behave Like Humans. New York: Atria, 2013.
Marzluff, John, and Tony Angell. In the Company of Crows and Ravens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
McDonald, Michele. “Sparrows Change Their Tune to Be Heard in Noisy Cities.” George Mason University, April 2, 2012. http://newsdesk.gmu.edu/2012/04/sparrows.
Mosca, Alexandra Kathryn. Green-Wood Cemetery. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.
Most, Madison. “The Concrete Jungle: Uncovering the Mystery of Wild Parrots in Southern California.” Havasi Wilderness Foundation, October 25, 2012. www.havasiwf.org/the-concrete-jungle-uncovering-the-mystery-of-wild-parrots-in-southern-california.
Niemelä, Jari, ed. Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes, and Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Nordt, Anja, and Reinhard Klenke. “Sleepless in Town—Drivers of the Temporal Shift in Dawn Song in Urban European Blackbirds.” PLoS One 8 (2013).
Pilipili, Oscar. “Marabou Storks, a Fortune or Nuisance?” Standard Digital, February 6, 2009. www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=1144005945&pageNo=1.
Rogers, Simon. “Every Train Station in Britain Listed and Mapped: Find Out How Busy Each One is.” Guardian, April 25, 2013. www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/19/train-stations-listed-rail.
Sacchi, Roberto, Augusto Gentilli, Edoardo Razzetti, and Francesco Barbieri. “Effects of Building Features on Density and Flock Distribution of Feral Pigeons Columba livia var. domestica in an Urban Environment.” Canadian Journal of Zoology 80 (2002): 48–54.
Thompson, Clive. “How Loud Is It?” New York Magazine, July 12, 2004. http://nymag.com/nymetro/urban/features/noise/9456/index1.html.
Toronto Zoo. “Marabou Stork.” Official website. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.torontozoo.com/explorethezoo/AnimalDetails.asp?pg=618.
Vulture Territory. “Marabou Stork.” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.vulture-territory.com/marabou.html.
Yamac, Elif, and Cihangir Kirazli. “Road Effects on the Breeding Success and Nest Characteristics of the Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica).” Ekoloji 21 (2012): 1–10.
9. The Chicago Bird Massacre
American Bird Conservancy. “Minnesota and Oakland, Calif. Adopt Bird-Friendly Building Requirements.” Media release, June 26, 2013. www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/releases/130626.html.
Audubon Minnesota. Bird-Safe Building Guidelines. Saint Paul, MN: Audubon Minnesota, 2010.
DeBare, Ilana. “Oakland Adopts Bird-Safe Building Measures.” Golden Gate Birder, June 16, 2013. www.goldengateaudubon.org/blog-posts/oakland-adopts-bird-safety-building-measures.
Fatal Light Awareness Program. “Toronto Becomes World’s First City to Mandate Bird-Friendly Buildings.” Media release, October 28, 2009.
Loss, Scott R. “Bird-Building Collisions in the United States: Estimates of Annual Mortality and Species Vulnerability.” Condor 116 (2014): 8–23.
Martin, Graham R. “Understanding Bird Collisions with Man-Made Objects: A Sensory Ecology Approach.” IBIS 153 (2011): 239–254.
Niemelä, Jari, ed. Urban Ecology: Patterns, Processes, and Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
10. Suburbia Crawling
BBC News. “Ant Supercolony Dominates Europe.” April 16, 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1932509.stm.
Brand, Jacqueline. “Scytodes thoracica.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2013. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Scytodes_thoracica.
Brown, Brian V. “Small Size No Protection for Acrobat Ants: World’s Smallest Fly is a Parasitic Phorid (Dipter
a: Phoridae).” Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105 (2012): 550–554.
Buczkowski, Grzegorz. “Extreme Life History Plasticity and the Evolution of Invasive Characteristics in a Native Ant.” Biological Invasions 12 (2010): 3343–3349.
Diaz, Ryder. “Argentine Ants March Through Bay Area.” San Jose Mercury News, March 12, 2013. www.mercurynews.com/ci_22767106/argentine-ants-march-through-bay-area.
Gotzek, Dietrich, Seán G. Brady, Robert J. Kallal, and John S. LaPolla. “The Importance of Using Multiple Approaches for Identifying Emerging Invasive Species: The Case of the Rasberry Crazy Ant in the United States.” PLoS One 9 (2012). http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu/pdf/Gotzek%202012.pdf.
Hölldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. The Ants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
Holway, David A., Andrew V. Suarez, and Ted J. Case. “Role of Abiotic Factors in Governing Susceptibility to Invasion: A Test with Argentine Ants.” Ecology 82 (2002): 1610–1619.
Lewis, J. G. E. The Biology of Centipedes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Meineke, Emily K., Robert R. Dunn, Joseph O. Sexton, and Steven D. Frank. “Urban Warming Drives Insect Pest Abundance on Street Trees.” PLoS One (2013).
Meyers, Jason Michael. “Identification, Distribution and Control of an Invasive Pest Ant, Paratrechina sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Texas.” PhD diss., Texas A&M University, 2008.
Moffett, Mark W. “Supercolonies of Billions in an Invasive Ant: What Is a Society?” Behavioral Ecology 23 (2012): 925–933.
Mooneyham, Katlin. “Camel Cricket Cliff Notes.” Your Wild Life (blog), March 9, 2012. www.yourwildlife.org/2012/03/a-cliff-notes-guide-to-camel-crickets.
Nauman, Jennifer S., Patricia A. Zungoli, and Eric P. Benson. “Entomology Insect Information Services: Argentine Ants.” Clemson Cooperative Extension, Entomology Insect Information Series, 2004. http://media.clemson.edu/public/esps/pdfs/hs42.pdf.
Rasberry, Tom. “Crazy Rasberry Ants Getting Close to Louisiana.” Personal blog, August 18, 2008. http://crazyrasberryants.blogspot.co.uk/2008/08/crazy-rasberry-ants-getting-close-to.html.
Ricks, Winston. “Scutigera coleoptrata.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2001. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Scutigera_coleoptrata.
Schwenkmeyer, Dick, and Brad Hollingsworth. “Phrynosoma coronatum: Coast Horned Lizard.” San Diego Natural History Museum. Accessed August 20, 2014. www.sdnhm.org/archive/fieldguide/herps/phry-cor.html.
Spicer Rice, Eleanor. Dr. Eleanor’s Book of Common Ants. iBook. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, 2013.
———. Dr. Eleanor’s Book of Common Ants of New York City. iBook. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, 2013.
Suarez, Andrew V., David A. Holway, and Ted J. Case. “Patterns of Spread in Biological Invasions Dominated by Long-Distance Jump Dispersal: Insights from Argentine Ants.” PNAS 98 (2001): 1095–1100.
Texas Country Reporter. “Rasberry Crazy Ant.” Posted on YouTube, March 9, 2010. www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgpCXGsC6PU.
Trautwein, Michelle. “The Exoskeletons in Your Closet.” North Carolina Naturalist, Winter 2012.
Wiegmann, Brian M., and David K. Yeates. “Diptera: True Flies.” Tree of Life Web Project, November 29, 2007. http://tolweb.org/Diptera.
Williams, Matt. “Crazy Ants Harmful to Texas Governments’ Computers.” Government Technology, December 31, 2008. http://www.govtech.com/health/Crazy-Ants-Harmful-to.html?topic=117677.
Wong, Kate. “Argentine Ants Threaten Californian Horned Lizards.” Scientific American, February 27, 2002. www.scientificamerican.com/article/argentine-ants-threaten-c.
11. Tunnels of the Bloodsuckers
Bajomi, Daniel. “Budapest Rat-Free for More Than Thirty Years.” International Pest Control 44 (2002): 318–319.
Ballingall, Alex. “The Race to Go Rat-Free.” Maclean’s, September 13, 2011. www.macleans.ca/society/life/rat-race.
Barnett, S. Anthony. The Story of Rats: Their Impact on Us and Our Impact on Them. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2001.
Battersby, Stephen A., Robin Parsons, and Joanne P. Webster. “Urban Rat Infestations and the Risk to Public Health.” Journal of Environmental Health Research 1 (2002). www.cieh.org/JEHR/urban_rat_infestations.html.
BBC News. “Black Rat Back in the UK.” May 7, 1999. http://news.bbc.co. uk/1/hi/uk/337680.stm.
Bourne, John. “The History of Rat Control in Alberta.” Agri-Facts, October 1, 2002. www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex3441/$file/682-1.pdf.
Byrne, Katharine, and Richard A. Nichols. “Culex pipiens in London Underground Tunnels: Differentiation Between Surface and Subterranean Populations.” Heredity 82 (1999): 7–15.
Carter, Claire. “Britain’s Biggest ‘Fatberg’ Took Three Weeks to Remove.” Telegraph, August 6, 2013. www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/utilities/10224854/Britains-biggest-fatberg-took-three-weeks-to-remove.html.
Chalabi, Mona. “The Quest to Count City-Dwelling Rats.” FiveThirtyEight, March 17, 2014. http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/rats-its-hard-to-calculate-urban-vermin.
Channon, D., E. Channon, T. Roberts, and R. Haines. “Hotspots: Are Some Areas of Sewer Network Prone to Re-infestation by Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Year After Year?” Epidemiology & Infection 134 (2006): 41–48.
Ciota, Alexander T., Pamela A. Chin, and Laura D. Kramer. “The Effect of Hyrbidization of Culex pipiens Complex Mosquitoes on Transmission of West Nile Virus.” Parasites & Vectors 6 (2013): 305.
Cohen, Jennifer. “Can We Stop Blaming Rats for the Black Death?” History.com, August 18, 2011. www.history.com/news/can-we-stop-blaming-rats-for-the-black-death.
Cottrell, Robert C. Vietnam: The 17th Parallel. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009.
Davis, David E., and W. T. Fales. “The Distribution of Rats in Baltimore, Maryland.” American Journal of Hygiene 49 (1949): 247–254.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. “Paul Doumer.” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/170268/Paul-Doumer.
———. “Vietnam.” Accessed August 20, 2014. www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628349/Vietnam.
Farajollahi, Ary, Dina M. Fonseca, Laura D. Kramer, and A. Marm Kilpatrick. “‘Bird Biting’ Mosquitoes and Human Disease: A Review of the Role of Culex pipiens Complex Mosquitoes in Epidemiology.” Infection, Genetics and Evolution 11 (2001): 1577–1585.
Fonseca, Dina M., Nusha Keyghobadi, Colin A. Malcolm, Ceylan Mehmet, Francis Schaffner, Motoyoshi Mogi, Robert C. Fleischer, and Richard C. Wilkerson. “Emerging Vectors in the Culex pipiens Complex.” Science 303 (2004): 1535–1538.
Gomes, Bruno, Elias Kioulos, Anna Papa, António P. G. Almeida, John Vontas, and João Pinto. “Distribution and Hybridization of Culex pipiens Forms in Greece During the West Nile Virus Outbreak of 2010.” Infection, Genetics and Evolution 16 (2013): 218–225.
Hanson, Anne. “Rat Teeth.” Rat Behavior and Biology, January 25, 2004. www.ratbehavior.org/Teeth.htm.
———. “Wild Norway Rat Behavior.” Rat Behavior and Biology, October 29, 2003. www.ratbehavior.org/WildRats.htm.
Hebblethwaite, Cordelia. “Turning London’s Fatbergs into Power.” Public Radio International, April 15, 2013. www.pri.org/stories/2013-04-15/turning-londons-fatbergs-power.
Jennings, Eric T. Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.
Johnston, B. Lynn, and John M. Conly. “West Nile Virus—Where Did It Come from and Where Might It Go?” Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 11 (2000): 175–178.
Kassim, Nur Faeza A., Cameron E. Webb, and Richard C. Russell. “Is the Expression of Autogeny by Cluex molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae) Influenced by Larval Nutrition or by Adult Mating, Sugar Feeding, or Blood Feeding?” Journal of Vector Ecology 37 (2012): 162–171.
Milius, Susan. “Little Mind Benders.” ScienceNews, January 26, 2013. www.sciencenews.org/article/little-mind-benders.
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br /> New Zealand BioSecure Entomology Laboratory. “Culex pipiens Complex.” New Zealand BioSecure, May 31, 2007. www.smsl.co.nz/site/southernmonitoring/files/NZB/Culex%20pipiens%20pallens%20-%20profile%20May%2007.pdf.
Office for National Statistics. “London’s Population Was Increasing the Fastest Among the Regions in 2012.” ONS, October 17, 2013. www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-trends/region-and-country-profiles/region-and-country-profiles---key-statistics-and-profiles--october-2013/key-statistics-and-profiles---london--october-2013.html.
Pritchard, Charlotte. “Are You Never More Than 6ft Away from a Rat?” BBC News, December 17, 2012. www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20716625.
Public Health. “Rat-Free City.” Special edition, no date.
Rappole, J. H., and Z. Hubalek. “Migratory Birds and West Nile Virus.” Journal of Applied Microbiology 94 (2003): 47–58.
Robich, Rebecca M., Joseph P. Rinehart, Linda J. Kitchen, and David L. Denlinger. “Diapause-Specific Gene Expression in the Northern House Mosquito, Cluex pipiens L., Identified by Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization.” Journal of Insect Physiology 53 (2007): 235–245.
Sakai, Mike. “City Confirms Roof Rats Invade Northeast Mesa Neighborhood.” East Valley Tribune, September 13, 2012. www.eastvalleytribune.com/local/mesa/article_a32930d0-fdf6-11e1-9153-0019bb2963f4.html.
Sullivan, Robert. Rats: A Year with New York’s Most Unwanted Inhabitants. London: Granta Books, 2005.
Vann, Michael G. “Of Rats, Rice, and Race: The Great Hanoi Rat Massacre, an Episode in French Colonial History.” French Colonial History 4 (2003): 191–203.
12. West Side Roaches
Antani, Kartik, and Amanda Burgeson. “Blattella germanica.” Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, 2011. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Blattella_germanica.
Ark in Space (blog). “The Pronghorn—the American Almost Antelope.” October 16, 2011. www.arkinspace.com/2011/10/pronghorn-american-almost-antelope.html.
Bonanos, Christopher. “Six-Legged Freak.” New York Magazine, January 26, 2014. http://nymag.com/news/features/cockroaches-2014-2.