Henry the Young King, 1155-1183
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Herbert of Bosham, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Hilary, bishop of Chichester, (i)
History of William Marshal,
date, authorship and significance, (i); see also John, trouvère; on the Marshal’s early life, (i); blames malicious courtiers of Henry II for the quarrel between him and his son, (i); reticence concerning the war of 1173–74, (i); stresses the honour bestowed on the Marshal by being chosen to knight the Young King, (i); throws blame for the war on those who have led the Young King astray, (i); accuses some French nobles of being suborned by Henry II, (i); on the dire financial straits of young Henry’s supporters by the end of the war, (i); on the importance for young knights to avoid inaction and gain reputation through feats of arms, (i); crucial source for the workings of the tournament in the 1160s–80s, (i), and (ii), passim; on the gaining of profits from ransoms and captured horses, (i); on the Young King’s displeasure with the Marshal as self-seeking for glory and ransoms, (i); silence concerning courtly pastimes and amorous liaisons of the Young King’s household after tourneys, (i); on rivalry within the Young King’s household and on charges of lèse majesté and adultery with Queen Margaret brought against the Marshal by his detractors, (i); and on their cowardice and disloyalty during the siege of Limoges, (i); on the Young King’s support for the nobles of Aquitaine against Richard, (i); on Henry II’s forces assembled at Limoges, (i); on young Henry’s death-bed reconciliation with the Marshal, (i); and on Henry II’s grief, (i)
Hoel, son of Conan III duke of Brittany, (i)
Holy Sepulchre, (i), (ii)
Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury, (i)
Hugh, son of Robert the Pious, (i)
Hugh of Bar-sur-Seine, (i)
Hugh de Beauchamp, (i)
Hugh Bigod, earl of Norfolk,
activities restrained by Henry II, (i), (ii); supports Young King’s rebellion, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); castles as base of invasion forces from Flanders, (i); besieges Walton, (i); takes Ipswich, (i); besieges Eye, (i); continues to retain large number of Flemings after Fornham, (i); purchases truce, (i); receives advanced guard of Young King’s invasion force, (i), (ii); storms Norwich, (i); royal forces move against, (i); yields castles to Henry II, (i); fined by king, (i); castles destroyed, (i); dies on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, (i); wife Gundrada, (i); see also Roger Bigod
Hugh, duke of Burgundy, (i)
Hugh Capet, king of France, (i)
Hugh of Champfleury, bishop of Soissons and Capetian chancellor, (i)
Hugh the Chanter, (i)
Hugh of Châteauneuf-en-Thimerias, (i), (ii)
Hugh, earl of Chester,
support for Young King, (i), (ii); role in campaign of 1173, (i), (ii); joins Breton rebels, (i); defeated in battle at Dol, (i); made prisoner but treated leniently, (i), (ii), (iii); released and lands restored, (i), (ii); witnesses agreement between kings of Castile and Navarre, (i); sent to Ireland, 1177, (i)
Hugh de Clers, (i)
Hugh II de Gournay, (i)
and son Hugh the younger, (i)
Hugh de Gundeville, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), n. 28
Hugh de Hamelincourt, (i)
Hugh de Lacy, (i)
Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Hugh, nephew of, (i)
Hugh II de Puiset, lord of Jaffa, (i)
Hugh, archbishop of Rouen (i)
Hugh of St Maure, (i), (ii), (iii)
Hubert, count of Maurienne, (i), (ii)
Humphrey de Bohun, constable of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
hunting, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
importance as training, (i); dangers of, (i), (ii)
Huntingdon, burgesses of, (i)
honour of, (i); castle of, (i); see also David, earl of
Hurley priory, (i)
Hyde abbey, Winchester, (i)
Inferno, of Dante Alighieri, (i)
Ingelram, bishop of Glasgow, (i)
Ingelram, castellan of Trie, (i)
Inquest of Sheriffs, (i), (ii)
Innocent II, pope, (i)
ira et malevolentia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
royal anger, (i)
Ipswich, (i) and n. 185, (ii)
Ireland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)
Isabelle of Gloucester, (i)
Isabella of Hainault, (i)
Isembard, abbot of St Martial’s, Limoges, (i), (ii)
Isembard, epic hero, (i)
Ivry, (i), (ii), (iii)
Jerusalem, (i), (ii), (iii)
kingdom of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv); kings of, (i), (ii); see also Baldwin; Fulk V; Amalric; patriarch of, (i)
Joanna, daughter of Henry II and Eleanor, (i), (ii), n. 53, (iii), n. 87, (iv), (v), (vi), n. 148, (vii), (viii)
Jocelin, bishop of Salisbury, (i), (ii)
John, archdeacon of Oxford, (i)
John, chaplain to the Young King, (i), n. 30; (ii), n. 162
John Marshal, father of William Marshal, (i)
John, trouvère, author the History of William Marshal, (i), (ii), n. 27
John, son of Henry II, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), n. 88
education, (i), (ii); Glanville as magister of, (i), n. 46; entrusted to the Young King’s care by Henry II in 1170, (i); envisaged as count of Mortain, (i), n. 120; at Henry II’s Christmas court, 1170, (i); plans for marriage to daughter of Humbert, count of Maurienne, 1173, (i); assigned castles of Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau by Henry II, (i), (ii); remains with father during the rebellion of 1173–74, (i), (ii); revenues and castles granted to in treaty of Montlouis, 1174, (i);Henry II’s favouritism for, (i), (ii); granted lands of Reginald of Cornwall, (i), (ii); made principal heir to William, earl of Gloucester, (i), (ii); granted the lordship of Ireland, (i), (ii); Henry II’s plans to make king of Ireland, (i); knighting of, (i); at consecration of Bec, 1178, (i); makes endowments for soul of the Young King, (i);attempts to take Aquitaine from Richard, 1184, (i); bears sword at Richard’s coronation, (i), n. 60; grants commune to London, 1191, (i); loss of Normandy under, (i); confirmatory crown wearing, Christmas 1204, (i), n. 173; epithet ‘Lackland’, (i), (ii); arms as count of Mortain, (i), n. 63; not a patron of tournaments, (i); accused of seducing vassals’ wives and daughters, (i)
John, bishop of Banyas, (i)
John of Canterbury, bishop of Poitiers, (i), (ii), (iii)
John, constable of Chester, (i), n. 156
John of Earley, household knight of William Marshal, (i)
John Lestrange, (i)
John Malherbe, knight in the Young King’s retinue at Lagny, (i), n. 38
John de Mara, (i)
John Marshal, (i)
John, bishop of Nevers, (i)
John, dean of Salisbury, (i)
John of Salisbury, (i)
on extent of Henry II’s domains, (i); conveys greetings of princess Margaret to King Louis, (i); reports rumour that the pope will crown the young Henry, (i); on essential qualities for a ruler, (i); reports treaty of Montmirail, (i), (ii), (iii); as envoy of Becket to the Young King, 1170, (i); Policraticus of, (i)
John, count of Sées,
role in the rebellion of 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); castles of, (i)
John of Subligny, knight of the Young King, (i), n. 158
John, count of Vendôme, (i)
Jordan, natural son of Count Roger of Sicily, (i)
Jordan Fantosme, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
significance of poem on the rebellion of 1173–74, (i); familiarity with chansons, (i); possible connections with Winchester and Richard of Ilchester, (i); knowledge of court of William the Lion, (i); attitudes toward involvement in the war, (i), (ii), (iii); appreciates young Henry’s anomalous position, (i); lays partial responsibility for r
ebellion on Henry II, (i), (ii), (iii); censures Young King, (i); on allies war aims, 1173–74, (i); mocks the Flemings, (i); praises loyalty of Londoners, (i); vivid depictions of war, (i), (ii); omits mention of siege of Verneuil, (i); reflects post-war tensions within Angevin court, (i); urges reconciliation, (i), (ii)
Jordan Taisson, (i)
Joseph of Exeter, (i)
Joscelin, earl of Arundel, (i)
Joscelin of Mauléon, (i)
Josselin, castle of, (i)
Julius Caesar, (i)
kingship,
duties and ideology of, (i), (ii), (iii); king as the Lord’s anointed, (i). (ii); sacral nature of, (i); thaumaturgic powers claimed for, (i); Henry II’s efforts to enhance dignity of, (i), (ii), (iii); role of canonization of Edward the Confessor, (i); significance of Anglo-Saxon royal ancestry, (i); kudos of association with King Arthur, (i); Henry II stresses equality of rank of Young King, (i); initially refuses his homage in 1174 because of his royal dignity, (i), (ii); rex designatus, (i); use of style Dei gratia, (i); see also coronation, regalia
Kinnard Ferry, (i), (ii)
Kirkby Malzeard, (i), (ii), (iii)
knighting, (i), (ii)
rituals and symbolism of, (i); as investiture, (i), (ii); in the field, (i); mass dubbings, (i); of Henry FitzEmpress, (i); of Malcolm IV, (i); of Eustace, (i); of Earl David, (i); of young Henry, (i), (ii); of Henry III, (i)
L’Aigle, (i)
Lais, see Marie de France
La Guerche, (i)
La Haye, (i)
La Motte-de-Ger, (i)
La Roche Mabille, (i)
Lagny, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Landes, (i)
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, (i)
Laudes Regiae, (i)
Leicester, (i), (ii), (iii)
siege of, 1173, (i); destruction of town walls, (i); expulsion of burgesses, (i); castle and garrison of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); tenants of honour of, (i); see also Ansketil Mallory, constable of; Robert, earl of
Le Mans, (i), (ii), (iii)
cathedral of St Julian, (i), (ii); Young King’s burial at, (i), (ii)
Le Neubourg, (i), (ii)
Lennox, earldom of, (i)
Le Puy, (i)
Le Teilleul, (i)
Le Valasse, abbey of, (i)
Liddel, (i)
L’Ile Bouchard, (i)
Limoges, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
layout of, (i); besieged by Richard, 1176, (i); visited by Young King in 1182, (i); siege of, 1183, (i), (ii), 292ff, (i); see also, Aimar, viscount of; St Martial’s, abbey of
Lincoln, (i), (ii)
Lisieux, (i), (ii), (iii); see also Arnuf, bishop of
Lomagne, (i)
London, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
legendary foundation by Brutus, (i); in war of 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); Tower of, (i), (ii); martial sports of the Londoners, (i); see also Richard de Belmeis, Gilbert Foliot, bishops of
Loudun, (i)
Louis the Pious, king of the Franks, (i)
Louis IV, king of West Frankia, (i)
Louis V, king of West Frankia, (i) and n. 55
Louis VI ‘the Fat’, king of France (1108–37), (i), (ii), n. 12, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Louis VII, king of France (1137–80), (i), (ii), (iii)
associative coronation as child, (i); styled Ludovicus rex junior, (i); appoints Abbot Suger as regent during his absence on crusade, (i); failure at Damascus during Second Crusade, (i); opposition from brother Robert, (i); divorce from Eleanor of Aquitaine, (i); aids rebellion of Henry II’s brother Geoffrey, (i), (ii); anxieties over succession, (i); negotiates marriage of Margaret to young Henry, (i); comes to aid of Toulouse, 1159; (i); peace negotiations with Henry, 1160, (i); marries Adela of Blois, (i); fears consequences of Margaret’s marriage, (i); birth of son Philip, 1165, (i); supports rebels in Brittany and Aquitaine in war against Henry II, (i), (ii), (iii); gives Becket refuge in Sens, (i); worsted in warfare by Henry II, (i); confirms Angevin family settlement at Montmirail, (i); grants young Henry the seneschalship of France, (i); is served at table by him, (i), (ii); surrenders daughter Alice to Henry II, (i); sceptical of Henry II’s crusading intentions, (i), (ii); angered by exclusion of Margaret from young Henry’s coronation, 1170, (i), (ii); campaigns in Berry, (i); outrage at Becket’s murder, (i), (ii); re-establishes peace with Henry II at Caen, 1172, (i); requests bishops involved in young Henry’s coronation should not be involved in crowning of Margaret, (i); welcomes Young King and Margaret, (i); exploits young Henry’s disaffection, (i); urges young Henry to demand territories from his father, (i), (ii); seen as a principal author of the plot against Henry II, (i), (ii), (iii); his grievances against him, (i), (ii); criticized for allowing growth of Angevin power in southern France, (i); gives refuge to the Young King and his companions, (i), (ii); convenes assembly of allies at Paris, (i); rejects overtures of Henry II’s ambassadors, (i); has new seal made for Young King, (i); supplies Young King with 400 knights and veteran commanders, (i); besieges Verneuil, (i), (ii); raises tax to fund siege, (i); grants burghers respite, (i); declines Henry II’s challenge to battle, (i); breaks agreement and burns the borough at Verneuil, (i); ignominious retreat with losses, (i); violates feast day of patron saint, (i); at peace talks with Henry II more inclined than Young King to accept terms, (i); saddened by defeat of earl of Leicester, (i); knights Richard, (i); agrees truce with Henry II until Easter, 1174, (i), (ii), (iii); aware of strategic importance of Sées for attack on Normandy, (i); rebuffs peace talks brokered by papacy, (i); plans new offensive at council of allies at Paris, (i); gathers forces to attack Normandy, (i); his plans made known to Henry II, (i); lays siege to Rouen, (i), (ii); inflicts damage on lands of archbishop of Rouen, (i); great fiscal of campaign on his resources, (i); grants respite to citizens on feast of St Laurence, (i); persuaded by Count of Flanders to launch surprise assault, (i); retreats when Henry threatens battle, (i); unwillingness to risk pitched battles, (i); makes truce with Henry II and pledges not to aid Richard in Aquitaine, (i); advises Henry’s sons to put themselves in father’s mercy, (i); agrees to give up castles taken in the war, (i); conference with Henry at Gisors, 1175, (i); plays on Young King’s fears that his father will imprison him, (i); receives young Henry in Ile de France, (i); visited by young Henry and Margaret, 1176, (i); faces demands by Henry II for the French Vexin and Berry, 1177, (i), (ii); but establishes peace at Ivry, (i); de facto acceptance of Plantagenet supremacy, (i); arranges coronation of Philip, 1179, (i); pilgrimage to Canterbury, (i); suffers stroke, (i), (ii); retires from active government, (i); reputation for piety and justice, (i); praised for support of Becket, (i); tomb of, (i); seal of, (i); his character, (i), (ii), (iii)
Louis VIII, king of France, (i)
Louis IX, king of France, (i)
Lucius III, pope, (i), (ii)
Lusignan, family of, (i), (ii), (iii); see also Geoffrey of, Guy of
magister, see Mainard, William FitzJohn
Mainard, young Henry’s ‘master’ (magister), (i), (ii); see also nutricius
Maine, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
in rebellion of 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); knights from, in tournaments, (i); desertion by Manceaux of Henry II at siege of Limoges, 1183, (i); their love for the Young King, (i); bury his body in cathedral of St Julian, Le Mans, (i)
Malcolm IV, king of Scots,
associated with rule of David I, (i); forced to yield northern counties, 1157, (i), (ii); receives earldom of Huntingdon, (i); knighted by Henry II on Toulouse expedition, (i); performs homage at Woodstock, 1163, (i); castles in lowland Scotland demanded from, (i); pious reputation, (i)
Maintenon, (i), (ii)
Mamers, (i)
Margaret, heiress to Maine, bethrothed to Robert Curthose, (i)<
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Margaret, sister of Malcolm IV of Scotland, (i), n. 12, (ii), n. 167
Margaret, sister of Count Philip of Flanders, (i), n. 43
Margaret, daughter of Louis VII and Constance of Castile, and wife of the Young King, (i), (ii), n. 19, (iii), (iv)
negotiations for marriage to young Henry, 1158, (i); assigned the Norman Vexin as dowry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); dower lands promised by Henry II, (i); brought back from France by Henry II, 1158, (i); entrusted to Robert de Neufmarché, (i); married as a child, 1160, (i), (ii), (iii); placed in Queen Eleanor’s household, (i), (ii); gives Angevins possible claim to throne of France, (i); sends greetings to father via John of Salisbury, 1164, (i); long term consequences of marriage, (i); at Caen with Queen Eleanor, 1170, (i); excluded from young Henry’s coronation, (i); Henry II promises to allow Becket to crown, with young Henry, 1170, (i); crosses from England to visit father, 1171, (i); resident in Winchester, (i); crosses from Normandy to England, 1172, (i); crowned and anointed at Winchester, 1172, (i), (ii); as regina Angliae, (i); as Regina Junior, (i), n. 171; crosses to Normandy with young Henry, 1172, (i); welcomed by Louis, (i); young Henry demands lands from father to keep her in suitable state, (i); recalled with husband from Louis’ court by Henry II, (i); holds Christmas court, 1172 at Bonneville-sur-Touques, (i); left behind after the Young’s flight to Ile de France, (i); brought in Henry II’s custody from Normandy to England, 1174, (i); Henry II urged to be reconciled with, 1174, (i); crosses to England with young Henry, 1175, (i); remains at Portsmouth while the Young King returns to Easter court at Winchester, 1175, (i); visits Louis VII, (i); holds Christmas court, 1176, at Argentan, (i); flees when pregnant to father’s court, 1177, (i); birth and infant death of son William, (i), (ii); assigned higher daily allowance by Henry II, 1182, (i); William Marshal supposedly accused of adultery with, (i); sent to Paris for safety by the Young King, 1183, (i); Young King asks father to see to welfare of (i);dower lands assigned by Henry II to Queen Eleanor, (i); quitclaims dower for annual revenue from Henry II, (i); final settlement agreed, 1186, (i), n. 102; marries Béla III of Hungary, (i), (ii); second marriage childless, (i), n. 133; dies on pilgrimage at Acre, (i), n. 104; buried at Tyre, (i), n. 194; affection for the Young King, (i), (ii); benefactions for soul of young Henry, (i); role in disseminating cult of St Thomas, (i); household, (i), (ii), (iii), n. 149; her chapel and furnishings, (i); William, her chaplain, (i); horses for, (i), n. 27, (ii), (iii); robes for (i), n. 27, (ii), n. 2, (iii), (iv), (v), n. 169, (vi); expenses of, (i), n. 129; possible sculpture of, at Candes-Saint-Martin, (i); seal of, (i), n. 171