Henry the Young King, 1155-1183
Page 84
Richard III, duke of Normandy, (i)
Richard FitzNeal, (i)
Richard of Ilchester, archdeacon of Poitiers and bishop of Winchester, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
as one of young Henry’s tutores, 1170–2, (i), (ii), (iii); elected to see of Winchester, (i); challenged by Young King, (i); opponent of Becket, (i), (ii), (iii); sent to summon Henry II to England, 1174, (i); given wide powers in Normandy, 1176, (i); ambassador to Louis 1177, (i)
Richard the Poitevin, chronicler, (i), (ii), (iii)
Richard de Vernon, (i)
Richmond, (i), (ii)
honour of, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rigord, chronicler and monk of St Denis, (i), (ii), (iii)
Robert of Aire, chancellor of Philip of Flanders, (i)
Robert II de Beaumont, earl of Leicester and justiciar, (i), (ii)
Robert III, de Beaumont, earl of Leicester, (i), (ii), (iii)
as great cross-Channel magnate, (i); importance in campaigns of 1173, (i); grievances against Henry II, (i); attacks Pacy, (i); town of Leicester destroyed, (i); draws sword on Henry II at peace negotiations, (i); sails with army of Flemings from Wissant, (i), (ii); invokes support of St Thomas for Young King’s cause, (i); joins forces with Hugh Bigod, (i); besieges Walton, (i); repulsed from Dunwich, (i); storms Haughley castle, (i); army defeated at Fornham, (i), (ii); captured and sent to Normandy, (i); brought with wife as prisoners to England, 1174, (i); threatened with starvation until his castles surrender, (i); exempted from terms of Treaty of Montlouis, (i); released by Henry II and lands gradually restored, (i), (ii); castles destroyed, (i), (ii), (iii); witnesses treaty between kings of Navarre and Castile, (i); arrested in 1183, (i); sons William and Robert, (i); Hawise, sister of, (i), (ii); see also Breteuil; Pacy
Robert I, duke of Normandy, (i)
Robert, bishop of Bath, (i)
Robert de Blé, (i)
Robert Bloet, bishop of Lincoln and chancellor, (i)
Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, (i)
grievances against father, (i), (ii), (iii); rebellions of, (i), (ii); defeats William the Conqueror at Gerberoy, 1079, (i), (ii); failure of reconciliation and exile, (i); defeated and imprisoned by Henry I, (i)
Robert, count of Dreux, brother of Louis VII, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv),
Robert FitzBernard, (i)
Robert Foliot, bishop of Hereford, (i)
Robert the Pious, king of France (996–1031)
Robert, earl of Gloucester, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
son, Richard FitzCount, (i)
Robert de Londres, (i)
Robert II, count of Meulan, (i), (ii), (iii)
Robert de Montrabei, (i)
Robert of Torigini, abbot of Mont Saint-Michel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Robert de Tresgoz, (i)
Robert de Vaux, castellan of Carlisle, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Rocamadour, (i), (ii), (iii)
Roche-Mabille, (i)
Roger of Asterby, (i)
Roger, viscount of Béziers, (i)
Roger Bigod, son of Earl Hugh, (i), (ii)
Roger FitzRichard, (i), (ii)
Roger of Howden, chronicler and royal clerk,
importance of his Gesta Regis Henrici for information on young Henry from 1170, (i); but only intermittent coverage of his activities, (i); animus against, (i), (ii), (iii); description of coronation, (i); verses lamenting injury to Henry II’s kingship by serving his son at coronation banquet, (i); critical of young Henry’s rebellions, (i), (ii), (iii); on his grievances, (i), (ii); regards him as misled by ‘evil counsellors’, (i), (ii), (iii); and particularly by Louis, (i), (ii), (iii); outrage at Louis’ violation of truce at Verneuil, (i); sees Eleanor’s rebellion as fulfilling the Prophecies of Merlin, (i); records tourneying of Henry II’s sons with enthusiasm, (i); quotes Seneca on importance of training, (i); careful to record knighting of Henry’s other sons, (i); on dispute between Henry II’s sons, 1183, (i); denounces routiers, (i); highly critical of Young King’s actions at Limoges as cynical sham, (i); but narrative of events alleging treachery imprecise hearsay, (i); believes young Henry sought battle against father, (i); access to eyewitness account of Young King’s last days and death, (i), (ii)
Roger de Jouy, (i), (ii)
Roger de Mowbray, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii);
Nigel, brother of, (i); Robert, son of, (i); for castles of, see Kinnard Ferry, Kirby Malzeard, Thirsk
Roger de Pont L’Eveque, archbishop of York, (i), (ii), (iii)
obtains papal mandate to crown king’s son,1161, (i), (ii); gains confirmation of privilege, 1162; ordered by Alexander III to observe Canterbury’s prerogative, (i), crowns young Henry in 1170, (i), (ii), (iii); suspended by Becket, 1170; journeys to Normandy to complain to Henry II, (i), (ii); joins forces with Geoffrey Plantagenet, 1174, (i); clerks from his circle drawn on by Henry II for his son’s officials, (i); granted custody of Scarborough castle, 1177, (i)
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, (i), (ii)
Roger II, king of Sicily, (i)
Roger de Stuteville, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
William, son of, (i), (ii); Nicholas, brother of, (i)
Roger, bishop of Worcester, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Roland, (i), (ii), (iii)
Roland of Dinan, (i)
Roland, jester, (i), n. 104
Rollo, (i)
Rome, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Rosamund Clifford, (i)
Rotrou, archbishop of Rouen, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
heads inquest in Normandy, (i); concern for good education of young Henry, (i); crowns Henry and Margaret, 1172, (i); ambassador to Louis, (i), (ii); support for Henry II, (i); urges Eleanor to return to obedience, 1173, (i), (ii); censures Young King for rebellion, (i); estates damaged in war, (i); consecrates new church at Bec, (i); sends delegation to recover body of Young King from Le Mans, (i)
Rotrou, count of Perche, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rouen, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
siege and capture by Count Geoffrey, 1144, (i), (ii); importance as administrative centre, (i), (ii), (iii); Jewish community in, (i); strategic importance, (i); in war of 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); defences of, (i); siege of, 1174, (i), (ii); cathedral as chosen burial place of young Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); endowments to for soul of Young King, (i); see also Hugh, archbishop of; Rotrou, archbishop of
routiers, mercenaries, also known as Brabançons,
use of by Henry II in 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii); and in 1183, (i); origins and composition, (i); increasing numbers in Aquitaine from later 1170s, (i); reputation for sacrilege and atrocity, (i); condemnation by Third Lateran Council, (i); peace leagues against, (i), (ii); employed by Young King in war of 1181, (i); use by the Young King and allies in 1183, (i), (ii), (iii); high cost of, (i), (ii); young Henry rebuked by archbishop of Canterbury for employment of, (i); see also Flemings
Roxburgh, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Saint James de Beuvron, (i), (ii), (iii)
Saint-Rémy-de-la-Haye, (i)
Saint-Rémy-du-Val, (i)
Saint-Saëns, castle of, (i)
Saint-Yrieix, (i)
Sainte Catherine de Mont, leper house of, Rouen, (i)
Sainte-Jamme, (i)
Sainte-Marie-des-Arènes, Limoges, (i)
St Amator, (i)
St Aubin, abbey of, Angers, (i), (ii), (iii)
St Austriclinianus, (i), (ii)
St Briavels, (i)
St Denis, abbey of, (i), (ii)
St Edmund, (i), banner of, (i); see also Bury St Edmunds, abbey of,
St Edward the Confessor,
canonized, (i); regalia of, (i); anonymous Anglo-Norman Life of, (i)
St Eustace, (i)
St Gerold, church and hospital of, Limoges, (i)
St Ives, (i)
St James,
relic of hand of, (i), (ii), (iii); veneration of by young Henry, (i), (ii), (iii); shrine at Compostella, (i), (ii)
St Julian, (i)
as special patron of Angevin counts, (i); cathedral of, Le Mans, (i), (ii)
St Lawrence, (i), (ii)
church of, Warkworth, (i)
St Margaret of Scotland, (i)
St Martial,
shrine of, (i), (ii), relics of, (iii); abbey of, Limoges, (i), (ii), (iii); district of ‘Chateau of St Martial’ developed around, (i); disputes over lordship with viscounts of Limoges, (i), (ii); rebels of 1182 swear oath of mutual support at, (i); Young King welcomed at, 1182, (i); and gifts royal robe to, (i); importance as site of investiture of dukes of Aquitaine, (i); young Henry vows to take the cross at, 1183, (i); gardens destroyed in siege, (i); stripped of treasures by Young King, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); intended resting place of Young King’s viscera, (i); Henry II promises reparation to, (i); see also Isembard, abbot of
St Mary Magdalene, Hospital of, Rouen, (i)
St Mary’s abbey, Winchester, (i)
St Matthew, gospel of, (i)
St Maurice, church of, Limoges, (i)
St Nicholas, chapel of, at Blyth, (i)
St Omer, William, castellan of, (i)
St Oswald, (i)
St Paul’s cathedral, (i)
St Pierre du Queiroix, Limoges, (i)
St Savin-sur-Gartempe, monastery of, (i)
St Saviour, church of, Barfleur, (i)
St Sauveur-le-Vicomte, abbey of, (i)
St Symphorien, church of, Limoges, (i)
St Thomas, see Thomas Becket
Saladin, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sailbrand, priest of Limoges, (i)
Salisbury, (i), (ii), (iii)
Saltwood,
honour of, (i); castle of, (i), (ii), (iii)
Samuel Daniel, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sancho de Savennac, (i), (ii)
Sandwich, (i)
Sarrazin, (i)
Saxony, see Henry the Lion, duke of, Maltida, duchess of
Scots, in war of 1173–74, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
disadvantages in open battle against English forces, (i); deficiency in siege equipment, (i), (ii); alleged savagery in war, (i), (ii); see also Malcolm IV, William the Lion
seals, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
of the Young King, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Second Crusade, (i)
Seés, (i), (ii), (iii); see also Froger, bishop of; John, count of
seneschal,
of Young King’s household, (i); of France, (i); De majoratu et seneschalcia Franciae, (i); see also Hugh de Clers
senhal, (i), (ii), (iii)
Senlis, (i), (ii)
Sherbourne, (i)
shipwreck, (i), (ii)
Shirkuh, (i)
Sibylla, aunt of Henry II, (i)
siege, see Carlisle, Dol, Drincourt, Leicester, Rouen, Verneuil, Walton, Wark
Simon, count of Evreux, (i)
Simon Marsh, (i)
Simon de Neuphle, (i)
Simon of Senlis, (i)
sirventes, (i), (ii), (iii)
Solomon, sergeant, (i), (ii)
Sorrel-Mousel, (i), (ii), (iii)
Standard, battle of the (1138), (i), (ii), (iii)
Stephen, king of England (1135–54), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Stephen of Fougères, Livre de Manières, (i), (ii)
Stephen of Garlande, chancellor of Louis VII, (i)
Stephen of Rouen, (i), (ii)
Stephen, count of Sancerre, (i)
Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, (i)
Stockport, (i)
Suger, abbot of St Denis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Templars, (i), (ii)
Theobald IV, count of Blois, (i)
Theobald V, count of Blois (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
helps to broke peaceat Montmirail, (i); grants made to by Young King for support, (i); at siege of Veneuil, (i), (ii); assists the Young King to attack Sées, 1174, (i); at tournament at Pleurs, 1178, (i)
Theobald, abbot of Cluny, (i)
Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Thierry, count of Flanders, (i), (ii)
Third Crusade, (i)
Third Lateran Council, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thirsk, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thomas Bardolf, (i)
Thomas Becket, chancellor of England and archbishop of Canterbury, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
rise to prominence, (i); importance as chancellor, (i); close friendship with Henry II, (i); sons of nobility educated in household, (i); wide affinity, (i); magnificence of lifestyle as chancellor, (i); reputation for gift giving, (i); as warrior and commander, (i); as ‘father of knights’, (i); great size of retinue, (i); displays wealth of Henry II, (i); diplomatic mission to Paris, 1158, (i), (ii); commander on Toulouse expedition, (i); entrusted with upbringing of young Henry in his household, (i); made archbishop of Canterbury, (i), (ii); resigns the chancellorship, (i); change of lifestyle as archbishop, (i); deterioration in relations with Henry II, (i); at council of Westminster, 1163, (i); young Henry removed from his charge, (i); opposes Henry at council of Woodstock, (i); and over issue of criminous clerks, (i); dispute over Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164, (i); presides at dedication of Reading abbey, (i); arraigned at council of Northampton, 1164; goes into exile, (i); given refuge at Sens by Louis VII, 1167, (i); fails to make peace with Henry II at Montmirail, 1169, (i), (ii); jealous in defence of Canterbury’s prerogative to crown king, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); attempts to interdict coronation of young Henry by archbishop of York, 1170, (i); peace agreed with Henry II at Fréteval, (i); sends clerks to Young King with Henry II’s writ commanding restoration of archiepiscopal estates, (i); serves papal letters of suspension on prelates involved in young Henry’s coronation, (i); lands in England and accused of disturbing the realm, (i); attempts to visit the Young King at Winchester, (i); sends him a gift of warhorses, (i); but prohibited from coming to court, (i); complains to the Young King about depredations of Ranulf de Broc, (i); at Canterbury, excommunicates the bishops and other opponents, (i); confronts knights come to arrest him, (i); murdered in Canterbury cathedral, (i); outrage at his death, (i); tomb of, (i); rapid growth of cult, (i); pilgrimage to shrine by the Young King, 1172, (i); canonized, 1173, (i); invoked by earl of Leicester during Young King’s rebellion, (i), (ii); as ‘new knight’ of Christ, (i); penance of Henry II at shrine of, (i); his forgiveness of Henry II seen in the capture of William the Lion, (i), (ii); joint pilgrimage of Young King and Henry II to Canterbury, 1175, (i); pilgrimage of Louis, 1179, (i); of Henry II, 1181, (i); seen in death bed vision by young Henry, (i); cult as focus for opposition to Henry II, (i)
Thomas Brown, Exchequer official, (i)
Thomas of Coulonces, (i), (ii), (iii)
Thomas of Earley, chaplain to the Young King, (i), (ii), (iii)
attempts to propagate young Henry’s sanctity, (i)
Thomas of Kent, (i)
Thomas of Loches, (i)
Thomas of Tournebu, (i)
Topcliffe, (i)
Three Kings, cult of, (i)
Tickford, priory of, (i)
Tinchebray, battle of (1106), (i)
Tonnay, (i)
Toulouse, (i), (ii); see also Raymond V, count of
Tours, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
tournaments
sites of, (i); role and significance of in aristocratic culture, (i), (ii); training for cavalry manoeuvres, (i); opportunity for patronage, (i); profit from wages and booty, (i); taking of prisoners in, (i); ransoms of arms and horses, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); feasting and entertainment at, (i); imbued with glamour of Arthurian romance by Chrétien de Troyes, (i); importance of noble women at, (i); chivalric reputations enhanced by participation, (i); means of political re-integration after rebellion, (i); participation in by territorial princes
, (i); competition between great lords for best knights, (i); reluctance of kings to participate in, (i); prohibition in England by Henry I and Henry II, (i); techniques of combat in, (i); stimulates development of armour, (i), (ii); dangers of, (i); jousts, (i); hastiludes and martial games undertaken by youths before knighthood, (i); Young King’s role in, (i), (ii), (iii): Henry II’s approval of, (i); his prowess and reputation in, (i), (ii); forges chivalric image of English kingship, (i); means of bonding with nobility, (i); brings together teams from disparate parts of Angevin empire, (i); recruits knights from beyond Angevin lands, (i); size and expense of his tourneying retinue, (i); anger at Marshal’s neglect of role as his bodyguard in, (i)
Tutbury, (i)
Trie, (i), (ii)
Tristan, (i), (ii), (iii)
Troo, (i)
Uchtred, lord of Galloway, (i)
Uzerche, (i), (ii), (iii)
Valencia, (i)
Valennes, (i)
Vendôme, (i), (ii), 1718
Verneuil, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
attacked by Louis, 1153, (i); strategic importance of, (i), (ii); defences of, (i); siege of, 1173, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Vexin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
ceded to Louis VII, (i); Angevin attempts to recover, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); made dowry of Margaret, (i), (ii); transferred to Henry by Templars, 1160, (i); Henry fortifies, (i); hostilities in, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); defences skirted by Young King, 1173, (i); French Vexin claimed by Henry II, 1177, (i); return of Norman Vexin demanded by Philip on Young King’s death, (i); becomes the dowry of Alice, (i); Henry II compelled to perform homage for, (i) shifting loyalties of nobles in, (ii), (iii); see also Gisors
Vezian, II, viscount of Lomagnac, (i)
Victor IV, pope, (i)
vidas, (i)
Vincennes, (i)
Vulgrin III Taillefer, count of Angoulême, (i), (ii), (iii)
Wace, poet, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Wallingford, (i), (ii), (iii)
Walter of Coutances, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Walter of Le Clud, (i)
Walter, bishop of Rochester, (i), (ii), (iii)
Walter FitzRobert, (i)
Walter Map, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Waltham abbey, (i)
Waltheof, earl of Dunbar, (i)
Walton, (i)
war cries, (i), (ii), (iii)
Wark-on-Tweed, (i) and n. 84, (ii)
Warkworth, (i), (ii)