American Warlords
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Anzio, Italy, 327
ARCADIA Conference, 121–32, 134, 328
Ardennes Forest, 410–11, 419
ARGONAUT, 416–19
Arnold, Henry H. “Hap,” 23, 29, 89, 111n, 124, 125, 129, 148, 149, 154, 194, 254, 272, 282, 287, 298, 414, 443, 448, 452, 459
antisubmarine warfare and, 244, 245
Cairo Conference and, 304
Casablanca Conference and, 224–27, 237
death of, 471
European strategy and, 158, 366
health of, 257–58, 338, 416
Joint Chiefs and, 130
King and, 149, 204
Marshall and, 23–24, 130, 258
North Africa and, 199, 203
OVERLORD and, 358, 360, 361
Pacific strategy and, 184, 189, 203–4, 205, 238
personality of, 24
Quebec Conference (1944) and, 387, 388
Roosevelt and, 24n, 52, 258
Stimson and, 257
strategic air campaign and, 24, 153, 237–39, 348, 368–69
Tehran Conference and, 309
Aruba, 99
Atlantic, Battle of the, 69, 152
Atlantic Charter, 90, 345
Atlantic Wall, 258
Atomic bomb, 164–66, 283–84, 329, 348–50, 453–60, 462, 463, 465–66, 470
Auchinleck, Claude, 180
Australia, 150–52, 161, 170, 344
AVALANCHE, 277
B-17 Flying Fortress, 51–53, 118n
B-24 Liberator, 53, 153, 205, 369
B-25 Mitchell, 156
B-29 Superfortress, 312, 316, 319, 320, 349, 368, 369, 389, 449, 458
Badoglio, Field Marshal Pietro, 291, 292
Baldwin, Hanson, 27, 202–3, 328
Balkans, 258–59, 264, 276–78, 280, 281, 294, 299, 305, 306, 308
Bard, Ralph, 191
Barkley, Alben, 378
Baruch, Bernard, 210, 377
Bastogne, Belgium, 411
Bataan Peninsula, 118, 120, 134, 135, 137, 179, 353, 383
Bavaria, 430, 432
Beaverbrook, Lord, 121, 127
Bechloss, Michael, 348n
Bell, Elliott, 401
Berezhkov, Valentin, 426
Bergman, Ingrid, 220
Beria, Lavrenti, 421
Berle, Adolf, 36
Berlin, Germany, 430, 432, 446–47
Berlin, Irving, 77, 78
Bernadotte, Count, 446
Biddle, Francis, 30, 169, 445
Bismarck (German battleship), 74n, 87
Bismarck Archipelago, 150–52, 170, 264, 275
Bismarck Sea, Battle of the, 243
Blackouts, 153n
Blitz, 51, 222, 331
Boettiger, Anna Roosevelt, 254, 357, 377, 419, 427
Boettiger, John, 357
Bohlen, “Chip,” 426
Boland, Pat, 91
BOLERO, 158, 160, 175, 177, 178, 181, 182, 185, 198, 277
Bonus March of 1932, 101, 344
Bowman, Isaiah, 393
Bradley, Omar, 23, 414n, 445
Eisenhower and, 233, 335, 418
European campaign and, 289, 362, 405, 410, 416, 429–30, 444
North Africa and, 233, 241, 242
Sicily and, 275
Bratton, Rufus, 2, 107
Bricker, John, 353, 354
British forces
Eighth Army, 233, 241, 275
First Airborne Army, 405
Twenty-first Army Group, 416, 417
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan, 159, 181, 185, 187, 225, 227, 228, 230, 233, 259–63, 264, 281–83, 289, 299, 305, 307, 311, 365, 366, 387, 411–13, 416–17
Brown, Captain Charles, 202
Brown, Allen, 26, 340
Browning, Miles, 238
Bruenn, Howard, 358, 377, 419, 427, 435, 436
BUCCANEER, 305, 306, 312–13
Buckner, Simon Bolivar, Jr., 371
Budd, Ralph, 45
Bulge, Battle of the, 410–11, 419
Bull, Cornelius, 212, 221
Bullitt, Bill, 32
Bundy, Harvey, 329
Burma, 104, 180, 229, 231, 232, 237, 261, 265, 284, 304, 305, 312, 387, 426
Burma Road, 103, 105, 229, 251, 254, 262, 284, 304, 305
Bush, Vannevar, 349–50
Butcher, Harry, 303
Byrnes, James, 48, 195, 352, 378, 384, 455, 456, 460, 462, 466–67
CACTUS, 199
Cairo Conference (SEXTANT), 299, 302, 304, 310, 319, 320, 346
Camp David, 214n
Capra, Major Frank, 166–67
Caroline Islands, 135, 170, 231, 232, 263–65, 272, 284, 316
Casablanca (movie), 220
Casablanca Conference (SYMBOL), 222–32, 234–37, 242, 250, 257, 260, 271, 292
Celebes Islands, 373
Chamberlain, Neville, 14
Chennault, Claire, 253–55, 262, 296
Cherwell, Lord, 394
Chiang Kai-shek, 74, 94, 229, 251, 253–55, 296–97, 304, 312, 313, 316, 369n, 374, 419, 426, 462, 463
China, 94, 102, 103, 105, 259, 262, 265, 284, 304, 312–13, 320, 419, 446, 448, 460, 470
China-Burma-India theater, 252, 262
Christmas Island, 344
Churchill, Winston, 14, 29, 30, 38, 52, 67, 69, 73, 93, 95, 113, 134, 141, 158, 165, 177, 219n, 251, 288, 314, 347, 390, 412, 443
ARCADIA Conference and, 121–23, 125, 127–30
atomic bomb and, 283–84, 458
Balkans and, 264, 276–78, 281, 294, 305, 306
Berlin and, 430, 432
Brooke and, 305–6
Casablanca Conference and, 223, 228, 230, 232, 234, 235, 236
“closing the ring” strategy and, 125
Dill and, 264, 329, 330
Eleanor Roosevelt and, 122–23
European strategy and, 160, 179, 182, 183, 185–87, 221, 258–60, 264, 276, 277, 279, 281, 292–94, 299, 303, 305–6,
Churchill, Winston (cont.)
European strategy and (cont.)
308–10, 312, 327, 330, 331–32, 360–62, 365–67, 419
as First Lord of the Admiralty, 40
health of, 128
Italy and, 257, 258, 276, 277, 292–94, 308, 327, 330, 419
Katyn Forest massacre and, 268
Leahy on, 264
Malta Conference and, 416
map room of, 121–22, 140
Marshall and, 306, 331, 471
Mediterranean peace feelers and, 433
North Africa and, 125, 175, 178, 180–82, 185
OVERLORD and, 331–32, 360–62
Placentia Bay Conference, 87–89
Poland and, 424–25
postwar Germany and, 393, 422–23
press and, 169n
Quebec Conference (1943) and, 283–84
Quebec Conference (1944) and, 386–87, 393
religious beliefs of, 88
Roosevelt and, 14, 29, 40–43, 62–63, 86–90, 92, 121–23, 129–30, 141n, 178–81, 264, 280, 283–84, 290, 292, 365–67
Russia and, 79–80
ships-for-bases agreement and, 40–43
Stalin and, 423
Stimson on, 179
“supreme commander” concept and, 127–30
Tehran Conference and, 299, 307, 308, 310–11
Tobruk, fall of and, 179180
on U-boat peril, 152
ultimatum to Japan and, 462
unconditional surrender issue and, 236n
United Nations and, 424
visits to Washington, 121–23, 125, 127–30, 178–80, 256, 258–60, 264–65
Y
alta Conference and, 415, 423, 427, 428
Civil War, 17, 92, 236, 303–4, 336n, 343, 344, 444
Civilian Conservation Corps, 18, 47
Civilian Pilot Training Program, 57
Clapper, Raymond, 212
Clark, Bennett, 67
Clark, Mark, 149, 217, 232, 289, 292, 357
Clarke, Carter, 400, 401
Coffee, Robert, 302
Collins, J. Lawton “Lightning Joe,” 335
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 129, 131–32, 134, 187, 198, 230–32, 259, 260, 263–64, 277, 282, 284, 299, 305, 311, 312, 314, 319, 320, 326, 328, 360, 385, 387, 388, 416–18, 430
Compton, Arthur, 456
Cooke, Admiral Charles, Jr. “Savvy,” 116, 226, 238, 239, 468
Coolidge, Calvin, 35, 39
Coral Sea, Battle of the, 161–62, 168, 179, 202, 221, 401, 402
CORONET, 451
Corregidor, 118–20, 135, 137, 353, 383
Craig, Lillian, 334
Cudahy, John, 11, 12
Cunningham, Fleet Admiral Andrew B., 124n, 311, 331, 360, 361, 387, 413, 418
Curaçao, 99
D-Day landings, 325, 356–58
Darien, 425, 426
Darlan, Admiral Jean Louis Xavier François, 207, 217, 234
Darlan, Alain, 217
Darlan Deal, 217, 218, 220
Davis, Colonel Benjamin, 57
Davis, Chester, 45
Davis, Elmer, 206, 268
De Gaulle, Charles André Joseph Marie, 207, 234–36, 251, 332–33, 362–64, 366, 367
Deane, John, 423
Declaration on Jewish Massacres, 347
Delano, Laura “Polly,” 436
Delano, Sarah, 254
Delano, Warren, II, 254
Delphine (yacht), 116
Dennison, Robert, 468
Desert Victory (documentary), 242
Devers, General Jacob L., 289, 335, 336, 416
Dewey, Thomas E., 213, 295, 353–55, 376–77, 381, 383, 395–405
DeWitt, John, 145, 146
Dietrich, Marlene, 253
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John, 124, 126, 131, 132, 224, 260, 264, 299, 328–31, 338, 471
Dill, Nancy, 126
Dodecanese Islands, 293, 305, 306
Dönitz, Grossadmiral Karl, 69, 447
Donnelly, Charles, 305
Donovan, William, 332–33, 364, 402
Doolittle, James, 156
Doolittle Raid, 156–57, 161, 168, 248
Douglas, Air Marshal Sholto, 305
Douglas, William, 378
DOWNFALL, 449–50
Draft, 46–50, 54, 58–59, 80, 84–86, 90–91, 219, 406, 407
DRAGOON, 360, 365–67
Dunlap, Abby, 247, 248
Dutch East Indies, 95, 97, 103, 105, 118, 134, 209, 272, 318, 319
Earle, Captain George, 268n
Early, Steve, 24, 56–57, 177, 288, 377
East China Sea, 448
Eccles, Marriner, 144
Eden, Anthony, 234, 268, 363, 364, 393, 425, 443
Edwards, Rear Admiral Richard, 116
Einstein, Albert, 164
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 16, 118–20, 123, 127, 214n, 230, 240, 246, 264, 280, 287–89, 291, 292, 313, 340, 391, 414, 445
Berlin and, 430
Bradley and, 233, 335, 418
“broad front” strategy, 416–19
as commander of OVERLORD, 314–15
De Gaulle and, 333
deserters and, 406
Devers and, 335
European strategy and, 157–58, 227, 325–28, 330–32, 335, 337, 338, 358, 361, 363, 365, 410–11
final push in Europe and, 429–30, 432, 444
on King, 149
Marshall and, 25, 183, 188, 232, 233, 241, 315, 325, 330, 334–36, 412, 418, 429, 430, 432, 471
Montgomery and, 411–12, 417, 418
North Africa and, 188, 203, 206–7, 215, 217–18, 220, 232–33, 241–42
OVERLORD and, 325–28, 330–32, 335, 337, 338, 358, 361, 363
Pacific strategy and, 151–52, 182–83
Patton and, 337–38, 418
Philippines and, 135–36
promotion to general, 233
Roosevelt and, 233, 303–4, 333, 412, 419
selection of generals and, 335–36
on Stark, 149
Transportation Plan and, 331–32
unconditional surrender and, 447
Eisenhower, John, 340
Eisenhower, Mamie, 325, 340
Elliott, Harriet, 45
Eniwetok, 320
Enola Gay (B-29), 463–64
Esperancilla, Irineo, 436
Espionage Act of 1917, 169
Essary, Fred, 48
Essex-class carriers, 169
EUREKA, 298, 299, 306–11, 328, 346, 421
European Jews, 347–48, 390
European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan), 470
Evatt, Herbert, 148
Fala (dog), 62, 112, 377, 379, 436
“Fat Man,” 456, 463
Fermi, Enrico, 456
Fields, George, 12
Fiji Islands, 162
First French Army, 405
Fish, Hamilton, 50, 66, 295
Fletcher, Frank Jack, 161, 198, 199
Flynn, Edward, 378
Formosa, 170, 263, 319, 320, 322, 373–74, 376, 383–85, 388, 389
Forrestal, James, 191, 212, 243, 323, 338, 339, 399, 403, 414n, 443–46, 472, 473
Frankfurter, Felix, 34, 36–37, 218, 250, 393
Fredendall, Major General Lloyd, 188, 241–42
French Committee of National Liberation, 332, 333
French Indochina, 94, 95, 100, 102
Fuchs, Klaus, 284n
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 210
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 271
German forces
2nd SS Panzer Division, 410
Fifth Panzer Army, 232
537th Signal Regiment, 267
Hermann Göring Division, 275
Gerow, Leonard T., 335
Ghormley, Robert, 152, 173–74, 198, 201, 203, 240
G.I. Bill of Rights, 345
Gilbert Islands, 27, 170, 263, 272, 284, 316, 320
Giraud, General Henri Honoré, 207, 217, 234–36, 250–51, 332
Goebbels, Joseph, 267
Goodenough Island, 317
GOOSEBERRY, 361
Göring, Hermann, 51
Graham, Frank H., 465
GRANITE, 316
Great Depression, 15–16, 44
Great White Fleet, 42
Grew, Joseph, 100
Gromyko, Andrei, 420, 423
Groves, Colonel Leslie J., 165, 455–60
Guadalcanal, 172, 174, 197–99, 201, 203, 204, 205, 211, 221, 227, 240, 272, 344
Guam, 118, 170, 194, 316, 368, 448
Guderian, Heinz, 29
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 14n
GYMNAST, 125, 175, 178, 181, 182, 185, 187–88
HABAKKUK, 282–83
Hachmeister, Louise, 38
Haile Selassie, Emperor, 351
HALCYON, 356, 357
Halifax, Lord, 121, 364
Halsey, William, 161, 238–40, 320–21, 374, 385, 388, 412, 413, 414n, 418n
Handy, General Thomas, 124, 305n, 371, 414, 463
Hannegan, Robert, 376, 378
Harding, Warren G., 250
Harmon, Ernest, 241
Harness, Forest, 399
Harriman, Averell, 433–35, 445, 446
Hart, Admiral Thomas, 119, 120, 238
Hassett, Bill, 122, 2
06, 223, 435
Hastie, William, 57, 58
Heller, Joseph, 413n
Hemingway, Ernest, 62, 340
Henderson, Leon, 45
Hill, T. Arnold, 54–55, 57
Hilldring, John, 208
Hillman, Sidney, 45, 58
Himmler, Heinrich, 446
Hirohito, Emperor, 94, 100, 106–7, 399, 462, 466–67
Hiroshima, 452n, 459, 463, 465–66
Hiryu (Japanese carrier), 169
Hitler, Adolf, 15, 20, 37, 61, 68, 79, 112, 175, 176, 227, 230, 256, 259, 308, 347, 348, 381, 395, 402, 409, 417, 424, 446
Hiyo (Japanese carrier), 369
HMS Bulolo, 226
HMS Duke of York, 121, 124
HMS Kelvin, 361, 362
HMS Kimberley, 367
HMS Orion, 416
HMS Prince of Wales, 87–88, 345
Hodges, Courtney Hicks, 335, 337, 405, 432
Hollandia, 320, 322
Homma, General Masaharu, 118, 134
Hong Kong, 118
Honshu, 369, 451, 452, 466, 467
Hoover, Herbert, 35, 37, 101, 111, 154, 208, 209, 250, 271, 344, 451
Hoover, J. Edgar, 98
Hopkins, Harry Lloyd, 3, 12, 22, 48, 62, 63, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80, 137, 140, 158, 177, 195, 207, 233, 258, 270, 283, 286–87, 379, 404, 415, 419
ARCADIA Conference and, 122, 123, 127
Casablanca Conference and, 222
health of, 13
Marshall and, 19, 27, 28, 289, 313–14
materials stockpile campaign of, 14
meetings in London and, 159, 160, 175, 186
Pacific strategy and, 83, 134, 209
physical appearance of, 13
postwar Germany and, 392
Roosevelt and, 13
son of, 340
Hopkins, Stephen, 340
Horne, Vice Admiral Frederick, 323
Hull, Secretary of State Cordell, 2, 4–5, 12, 21, 48, 73, 75, 76, 83, 100, 102n, 103–6, 121, 217, 234, 251, 253, 338, 346, 348, 363–65, 379, 392, 394
Hürtgen Forest, 405
HUSKY, 275
Huston, Walter, 167
Ickes, Harold, 12, 30, 63, 76, 79, 82, 83, 95, 97, 207, 208, 270, 286–87, 353, 445
Indochina, 94, 95, 100, 102, 209
Ingersoll, Royal E., 413
Ingram, Jonas H., 418n
Inoue, Admiral Shigeyoshi, 161
Intelligence, 95, 102, 104–6, 160, 162, 168, 169, 202, 248, 256, 399–400, 402, 403
Ismay, General Hastings “Pug,” 160, 180, 305n, 306, 367, 452n
Isolationism, 21, 30, 33, 38, 41, 46, 47, 50, 66, 74
Italy, 221, 227, 257–59, 261–62, 264, 271, 274, 276, 277, 280–82, 291–94, 299, 308, 327, 357, 365, 419, 433–34, 447
Iwo Jima, 389
Jackson, Robert, 12, 42
Jackson, Samuel, 378
Jacob, Ian, 228
Japanese Americans, 145–47, 407