Last Trains
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114 Sir Leo Pliatzky, interview with the author, 22 July 1998.
115 NAPRO, CAB 130/116, GEN 532 minutes, 23 July 1956.
116 Sir Leo Pliatzky, interview with the author, 22 July 1998.
117 NAPRO, MT 115/82, Watkinson, note, 23 July 1956.
118 For what follows see CTCC, Proposed Withdrawal of Train Services from the Lewes–East Grinstead Branch Railway (London: HMSO, 1958).
119 Ibid.
120 Ibid.
121 NAPRO, MT 115/306, Beamish–Nugent, 16 June 1958.
122 NAPRO, MT 115/306, Chambers–Bostel, 13 May 1958.
123 NAPRO, MT 115/3, CTCC minutes, 8 October 1957.
124 NAPRO, MT 115/82, Watkinson–Fraser, 31 January 1956.
125 Harold Watkinson, Turning Points – A Record of Our Times (Salisbury: Michael Russell, 1986), p. 67.
126 Quoted in Peter Hennessy, Having It So Good – Britain in the Fifties (London: Penguin, 2006), pp. 533–4.
127 NAPRO, MT 124/177, press release, 11 June 1958.
128 NAPRO, MT 124/177, cutting, ‘Village in Secret fight for life’, Reynolds News, 13 July 1958.
129 Ibid.
130 NAPRO, MT 124/177, Morgan–Windsor, 21 July 1958.
131 NAPRO, MT 124/177, press release, 11 June 1958.
132 NAPRO, MT 115/3, Munro–Goodison, 14 February 1958.
133 Hansard, HC Deb, 23 July 1958, vol. 592, col. 421.
134 Sir David Serpell, interview with the author, 3 April 1995.
135 NAPRO, T 230/353, Watts–Clarke, 29 June 1957.
136 NAPRO, T 234/562, Clarke–Stevenson, 22 May 1958.
137 Sir Geoffrey Wardale, interview with the author, 24 April 1998.
138 NAPRO, MT 115/279, ‘The future position of the railways’, 16 January 1959; Glover–Lang, 20 January 1959.
139 NAPRO, T 234/556, Ogilvy-Webb–Mark, 29 July 1959.
140 NAPRO, MT 115/280, Glover, note on BTC paper on ‘The financial and economic effects of the plan for the modernisation and rationalisation of British Railways’, July 1959.
141 NAPRO, T 234/522, Mark, ‘The economic case for road building’, 6 October 1959.
142 NAPRO, MT 115/280, note of meeting, 6 August 1959.
143 NAPRO, MT 115/77, Dunnett, ‘The railway problem’, 4 January 1960.
144 NAPRO, MT 132/11, Bird–Lang, 15 December 1959.
145 NAPRO, T 267/15.
146 Thomas, Country Railway, pp. 131–2.
147 NAPRO, MT 132/79, BTC, ‘Fringe areas’, 14 December 1959.
148 NAPRO, T 224/340, Vinter–Clarke, 14 February 1961.
149 NAPRO, T 234/558, Padmore–Lee, 18 February 1960.
150 David Gould, Westerham Valley Railway (Tarrant Hinton: Oakwood, 1974, 1981 reprint), pp. 4, 33.
151 http://thepeerage.com/e433.htm, accessed 17 August 2012.
152 NAPRO, AN 177/245, Kilmaine–Roberts, 21 November 1951.
153 NAPRO, AN 177/245, Kilmaine–Hopkins, 29 November 1951.
154 NAPRO, AN 177/245, CTCC minutes, 4 October 1960, appendix C.
155 NAPRO, AN 177/245, Hopkins–Assistant General Manager (Traffic), 6 December 1960.
156 NAPRO, AN 177/245, handwritten note to Hopkins.
157 Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, p. 542.
158 Geoffrey Freeman Allen, British Railways Today and Tomorrow (London: Ian Allan, 1962), p. 29; Faulkner and Austin, Holding the Line, p. 129.
159 Henshaw, Great Railway Conspiracy, pp. 10, 109–10, 115–7, 122–37.
160 Hansard, HC Deb, 10 March 1960, vol. 619, cols 522–3.
161 Richard Hardy, Beeching – Champion of the Railway (London: Ian Allan, 1989), p. 39.
162 Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, pp. 542–3.
163 NAPRO, PREM 11/3577, Marples–Macmillan, 9 August 1960.
164 Vicky cartoon, Evening Standard, 19 January 1961, reproduced in Lamb, The Macmillan Years (London: John Murray, 1995), endpapers.
165 Richard Stott, Dogs and Lampposts (London: Metro, 2002), pp. 166–71; Lamb, Macmillan Years, pp. 479–1; Lord Denning’s Report (London: HMSO, 1963).
166 Sir James Dunnett, interview with the author, 11 April 1995; Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, p. 88.
167 Watkinson, Turning Points, pp. 67–92.
168 NAPRO, T 278/3, McAulay–Fraser, 16 September 1959.
169 NAPRO, MT 124/55, minutes of meeting between Marples and RHA delegation, 28 March 1960.
170 NAPRO, T 298/197, ‘The motor industry in the 1960s: report by a group of officials’, June 1960.
171 Booker, Neophiliacs, p. 132.
172 Mick Hamer, Wheels Within Wheels – A Study of the Road Lobby (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987), pp. 37–51.
173 Michael Robbins, The Railway Age (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962), p. 37.
174 Peter Catterall (Ed.) Macmillan Diaries – Prime Minister and After, 1957–66 (London: Macmillan, 2011), p.270, 16 February 1960.
175 Hansard, HC Deb, 10 March 1960, vol. 619, cols 642–3.
176 NAPRO, T 298/174, draft, Marples ‘Re-organization of the BTC: problem of appointments’, September 1960.
177 NAPRO, MT 96/169, note of meeting, 3 May 1961.
178 Hansard, HC Deb, 19 October 1961, vol. 646, cols 528–30.
179 NAPRO, AN 177/246, WBRPA, open letter, 27 April 1962.
180 NAPRO, AN 177/246, note of WBRPA meeting, 7 April 1962.
181 NAPRO, MT 114/634, memo ‘25’ to Scott-Malden (signature and date missing) circa July–October 1963.
182 NAPRO, PREM 11/4277, Woodfield–Robertson, 1 August 1962.
183 NAPRO, PREM 11/4277, Marples, ‘Rebuilding urban Britain’, 26 October 1962.
184 NAPRO, MT 124/658, Serpell–Heaton, 24 July 1962.
185 Gould, Westerham Valley Railway, pp. 32–3.
186 CAB 134/2426, Committee on the reorganization of railways, minutes, 13 March 1963.
187 Cromartie, letter, The Times, 3 April 1963, p. 15.
188 Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, pp. 537, 544, 631.
189 Gourvish, British Railways 1948–73, p. 309; Henshaw, Great Railway Conspiracy, pp. 122–9.
190 NAPRO, T 298/174, SAG recommendation five, 29 September 1960.
191 NAPRO, T 298/185, Lee, note for the record, 18 May 1960.
192 Serpell, interview with the author, 3 April 1995.
193 NAPRO, MT 124/664, note of meeting, 4 December 1962; Scott-Malden–Serpell, 5 December 1962.
194 NAPRO, MT 96/174, ‘Interim report of the long-term transport policy steering group’, 20 December 1962.
195 Ibid.
196 NAPRO, PREM 11/4548, Macmillan–Marples, 30 September 1962.
197 NAPRO, T 298/184, note of meeting, 10 November 1961.
198 Richard Pryke and John Dodgson, The Rail Problem (London: Martin Robertson, 1975), pp. 197–210.
199 NAPRO, AN 177/5, McKenna, ‘Plan for closure and discontinuance of services’, 10 April 1963.
200 NAPRO, MT 96/169, note of meeting, 3 May 1961.
201 Financial Times, ‘How To Spend It’, July 2008, quoted at http://www. burnhammarket.co.uk/Link.asp?Advert=74, accessed 13 July 2012.
202 http://www.mynorfolkguide.co.uk/index.php/directory/entry/the-railway- inn/ and http://www.thehoste.com/accommodation/railwayhouse/, accessed 13 July 2012.
203 Catterall (Ed.) Macmillan Diaries, 1957–66, p.550, 20 March 1963.
204 S. Brittan, The Treasury Under the Tories 1951–64 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964), pp. 267–8.
205 NAPRO, PREM 11/3930, text of Macmillan’s speech to Cabinet, 28 May 1962.
206 Peter Hennessy, The Prime Minister – The Office and its Holders since 1945 (London: Penguin, 2000), p. 285.
207 Hansard, HC Deb, 30 April 1963, vol. 676, col. 923.
208 NAPRO, T 224/1239, Lee-Vinter, 30 September 1964.
209 NAPRO, CAB 21/4813, Cary–Trend, 13 February 1963.
210 NAPRO, PREM 11/4548, two minutes from Macmillan to Marples, both dated 30 September 1962.
; 211 NAPRO, PREM 11/5166, Redmayne–Bligh, 17 May 1963.
212 Hansard, HL Deb, 20 June 1963, vol. 250, cols 1478–9.
213 NAPRO, MT 124/1234, Stonham–Marples, 28 October 1963; Serpell–Padmore, 31 October 1963.
214 NAPRO, CAB 134/2453, RRT minutes, 16 December 1963.
215 NAPRO, MT 124/725, Bull–Marples, 9 November 1963.
216 NAPRO, AN 177/5, south-eastern TUCC minutes, 18 March 1964.
217 NAPRO, T 319/342, Littlewood–Vinter, 23 July 1963.
218 NAPRO, CAB 134/2426, ‘Report of the interdepartmental working party on the railways’, 18 July 1963.
219 NAPRO, CAB/195/23, Cabinet Secretary’s notebook, 17 January 1964.
220 NAPRO, T 319/343, Littlewood–MacDonald, 4 and 11 February 1964.
221 NAPRO, MT 124/725, Wells-next-the-Sea Urban District Council, ‘Statement accompanying resolution of protest of proposed closure of the Dereham–Wells-next-the-Sea branch line’, November 1963.
222 NAPRO, PREM 11/4548, Marples–Macmillan, 19 February 1963.
223 The Times, 10 February 1964, p. 6.
224 NAPRO, MT 124/725, Haygreen–Baxter, 23 January 1964; BRB, Reshaping, pp. 54–5
225 NAPRO, PREM 11/5167, George–Douglas-Home, 6 January 1964.
226 NAPRO, MT 124/718, Stevenson–Castle, 1 March 1968.
227 NAPRO, MT 124/725 Baxter, note, 23 June 1964.
228 Whitby Gazette, 18 September 1964, pp. 1–2; 25 September 1964, pp. 1–2.
229 Hull Daily Mail, 14 October 1964, p. 4.
230 P. Howard Anderson, Forgotten Railways: Volume Two, The East Midlands (Newton Abbott: David and Charles, 1973, 1985 edition), pp. 80–81.
231 John Betjeman, Great Central Railway – Sheffield Victoria to Banbury, reproduced in John Healy, Great Central Memories (London: Baton Transport, 1987), p. 148.
232 NAPRO, AN 172/58, GCA, Give this railway a new future, undated leaflet c.1962
233 NAPRO, AN 172/58, BRB, The Changing Role of the Former Great Central Main Line, 1959.
234 NAPRO, AN 172/58, report of TUCC discussion, 15 February 1962.
235 Castle, Fighting All the Way, p.369.
236 NAPRO, T 319/344, Lee–Macdonald, 26 October 1964; T 319/347, Macdonald–Hunt, 24 August 1965; CAB 128/39, Cabinet conclusions, 22 October 1965.
237 Hansard, HC Deb, 4 November 1964, vol. 701, cols 195–202.
238 NAPRO, MT 124/1132, Baxter–Scott-Malden, 8 February 1965.
239 Hansard, HC Deb, 9 February 1965, vol. 706, cols 210–11.
240 NAPRO, PREM 13/647, Fraser–Wilson, 26 February 1965 with Wilson’s comments.
241 NAPRO, PREM 13/647, Wilson, note on ED(RR) committee minutes, 15 February 1965.
242 Philip Noel Baker, MP, quoted in Gourvish, British Railways 1948–73, p. 445.
243 NAPRO, MT 124/1132, Baxter–Scott-Malden, 28 June 1965.
244 NAPRO T 319/344, cutting, Michael Shanks, ‘The Beeching Line’, Sunday Times, 27 December 1964.
245 Fiennes, I Tried to Run a Railway, p. 144; Hardy, Beeching, p. 100.
246 Sunday Telegraph, ‘The derailing of Dr. Beeching’, 27 December 1964.
247 NAPRO, MT 124/1131, Scott-Malden–Swingler, 8 March 1966.
248 NAPRO, MT 124/1132, Sanders–Fraser, 17 June 1965.
249 Anderson, Forgotten Railways: East Midlands, p. 11.
250 Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries 1964–76 (London: Papermac, 1990), p. 39.
251 Philip Bagwell and Peter Lyth, Transport in Britain: From Canal Lock to Gridlock 1750–2000 (London: Hambledon and London, 2002), p. 216.
252 Henshaw, Great Railway Conspiracy, p. 186.
253 Castle, Diaries, p. 39, 21 December 1965.
254 Ibid., 5 April 1968, p. 215.
255 NAPRO, MT 124/1173, Bailey–Scott-Malden, 21 July 1966; MoT press release, 20 September 1966.
256 NAPRO, PREM 11/4548, Marples–Macmillan, 19 February 1963; MT 124/1258, draft, Minister–Noel-Baker, covered by Custance–Minister, 29 December 1965.
257 NAPRO, T 319/839, cutting, Financial Times, 17 March 1967.
258 NAPRO, MT 124/1255, Baxter–Scott-Malden, 8 September 1966.
259 NAPRO, MT 124/1224, Hunt–Scott-Malden 12 August 1966.
260 NAPRO, PREM 13/2431, Thomas–Wilson, 25 July and 12 August 1968.
261 NAPRO, PREM 13/2431, White–Wilson, 30 July 1969.
262 Quoted in M. Weiner, English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 162.
263 NAPRO, MT 97/1055, Moore–Scott-Malden, 13 November 1970.
264 NAPRO, T 319/1779, Thomas–Peyton, 23 November 1971.
265 NAPRO, T 319/1779, Lazarus–Peeler, 14 September 1971.
266 NAPRO, T 319/1779, Peyton, draft paper, ‘Railway closures and regional development Policy’, September 1971; Peyton–Macmillan, 10 November 1971; CAB 134/3379; Walker and Macmillan, ‘Review of grants for unremunerative rail services’, 23 July 1971.
267 Letter, The Times, 11 June 1973, p. 15.
268 The Times, 9 October 1972, p.1; 12 October 1972, p. 5.
269 NAPRO, T 319/1771, Bowman–Elliott-Binns, 23 October 1973, original emphasis.
270 Terence Gourvish, British Railways 1974–97: From Integration to Privatisation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 62, Appendix A, p. 455.
271 Hennessy, The Prime Minister, p. 333.
272 NAPRO, T 319/2114, draft Cabinet paper for Chief Secretary, May 1974.
273 The Standard, 21 January 1983, quoted in Philip Bagwell, End of the Line? The Fate of the Railways Under Thatcher (London: Verso, 1984), p. 125.
274 Roger Salmon, quoted in C. Wolmar, Broken Rails – How Privatisation Wrecked Britain’s Railways (London: Aurum, 2001), pp. 71–2.
275 ‘Axe threatens local lines in rail reshuffle’, The Observer, 3 October 2004, http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1318468,00.html, accessed 2 July 2005.
276 MoT paper, ‘Examining railway figures: some useful concepts’, September 1974 (author’s collection).
277 Sir Peter Parker, For Starters: The Business of Life (London: Jonathan Cape, 1989), p. 272.
278 Jeff Vinter, Railway Walks: GWR and SR (Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1990), pp. xv–xvi.
279 Henry White, Forgotten Railways (Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1986), pp. 10–12.
280 Stuart Maconie, Blur 3862 Days – The Official History (London: Virgin, 1999), p. 152.
281 Robert Hewison, The Heritage Industry: Britain in a Climate of Decline (London: Methuen, 1987), p. 38.
282 House of Commons Transport Committee, Rail 2020, Seventh Report of Session 2012–13, December 2012 (hereafter, HCSC, Rail 2020), pp. 34–9 (annex B)
283 Marchant, Parallel Lines, p. 306.
284 Ibid., p. 135.
285 Catterall, Macmillan Diaries 1957–66, p. 421, 24 October 1961.
286 Alan Jackson, London’s Termini (Newton Abbott: David and Charles, 1969; second edition 1985), p. 50.
287 Hansard, HC Deb, 29 April 1963, vol. 676, col. 742.
288 Hansard, HC Deb, 3 February 1955, vol. 536, col. 1328.
289 Keith Middlemas, Power, Competition and the State, Volume Two: Threats to the Post-War Settlement 1961–74 (London: Macmillan, 1990), p. 30.
290 Meyer Hillman and Anne Whalley, The Social Consequences of Railway Closures (London: Policy Studies Institute, 1980), p. 118.
291 Fiennes, I Tried to Run a Railway, pp. 114–9.
292 Examples include: NAPRO, CAB 129/47, Barnes, ‘Long-term financial Prospects of the British Transport commission’, 10 September 1951; R. Marsh, Off the Rails: An Autobiography (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1978), p. 188; C. Wolmar, ‘The spectre of cuts by stealth is stalking the railway’, Rail, 22 June–5 July 2005, p. 29; HCSC, Rail 2020.
293 Middlemas, Power, Competition and the State, p. 28.
294 Faulkner and Austin, Holding the Line, p. 25
295 Hansard, HC Deb, 29 April 1963, vol. 676, col.
741.
296 Kenneth Glover (MoT official), letters to author, 22 March 2000, 1 August 2005.
Index
Abbott, Stan 1
Adley, Robert 1
Advanced Passenger Train (APT) 1 abandonment of (1986) 1
BR evaluation of 1
Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) 1, 2
Attlee, Clement 1, 2, 3
Barnes, Alfred 1
Beamish, Major Tufton 1
Beeching, Dr Richard 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 background of 1, 2
Chairman of BTC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
criticisms of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
postponing of publication of
Waverley proposal (1964) 1
Reshaping of British Railways, The (1963) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
Technical Director of ICI 1, 2
Beeching Report (1963), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 control over Regional Railway Boards 1
creation of (1962) 1
personnel of 1, 2
Beesley, Michael 1
Benson, Henry 1, 2
Beresford, Elisabeth: Secret Railway, The (1979) 1
Bessemer, Henry 1
Bessemer, Madge 1, 2, 3, 4
Betjeman, Sir John 1, 2, 3, 4 ‘Dilton Marsh Halt’ 1
Great Central Railway – Sheffield Victoria to Banbury 1
Vice-President of Railway Development Association 1
Birtchnell, Sir Cyril 1
Blakenham, Lord (John Hare) 1
Bluebell and Primrose Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 closure of (1955) 1
closure of (1958) 1
proposed re-opening of (1956) 1, 2, 3
Booker, Christopher: Neophiliacs, The (1969) 1, 2
Borrowing Powers Bill (1955) 1
Boyd-Carpenter, John, 1, 2
Brian Poole and the Tremeloes: ‘Do you love me?’ 1
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 1 Oh Dr Beeching! 1
British Elecricity Authority 1