Hodges, Gen. Courtney, 577, 583, 590, 594, 611
Hoepner, Col.Gen. Erich, 143, 161, 165, 176
Holland: attempts to remain neutral, 43; Germans invade and occupy, 53–4, 72; food shortages, 351; police collaborate with German occupiers, 402; maintains colonial rule in East Indies at war’s end, 658
Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, 439
Holocaust, xvii, 139, 182, 502, 506, 512, 514–15, 517–19, 521–2, 674
Home Guard (Britain), 91–2
Homma, Lt.Gen. Masaharu, 232, 234, 236
Hong Kong: Japanese atrocities, 216
Hopkinson, Capt. David, 673
Hopkinson, Diana, 344
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 15
Hormel, Jay, 186
Hornes, Lance-Corp., 12, 13
Hornor, Lt. Sam, 561
Horsfall, John, 61, 64–5
Horton, Adm. Sir Max Kennedy, 283, 667
Hotblack, Maj.Gen. Frederick, 49
Houffalize, Belgium, 592, 594
Howard, Lt. Michael, 60, 139, 152, 451–2, 666
Howe, Quincy: England Expects Every American to do His Duty, 186
Hube, Gen. Hans, 449
Hudson, Brig. Charles, 90–1
Huff, Wolfgang, 180
Hughes, T.L., 659
Hungary: Jews in, 506, 524, 601–2; Russians advance on and occupy, 550, 597–601
Huntzinger, Gen. Charles, 55
Hussein, Mustapha, 651
Hutchinson, Charles, 271
Hynes, Samuel, 565
Ibbotson, Joan, 347
Ichigo, Operation, 432
Ichizo, Hayashi, 644
Ieronymos, Archbishop, 122
Ignatov (Russian officer), 396
Iki, Cdr. Haryushi, 651
Imai, Maj.Gen. Takeo, 215
Imphal, 560, 563
Inber, Vera, 313
India: view of Second World War, xix; troops in North Africa, 132, 137; troops defeated in Malaya, 209; racially segregated brothels, 411; anti-British sentiments, 415; supplies for Britain, 416; independence/nationalist movement, 417–19, 421, 562; servicemen, 417–18; repressive British administration, 419–21, 425; riots, 419; numbers under arms, 434; troops’ casualties in Italy, 457; and British operations against Japanese in Burma, 559; total casualties, 670; see also Bengal
Indian Army: loyalty and conditions, 419–20, 425; performance, 435
Indian Legion (S.C. Bose’s), 421
Indian National Army, 214, 422, 564
Indochina: French rule in, 407–8, 658; Japanese control, 407
Inoue, Vice-Adm. Shigeyoshi, 237–8, 240
intelligence: Allies served by Ultra, 367–8
Iraq: British intervention in, 124–5
Ireland: neutrality, 188, 398–9; US sympathy for, 190
Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund: on Polish campaign, 22; on French military plans, 39; and Norway campaign, 50; strategy against German advance in France, 61–2; anger with Billotte, 63
Irrawaddy, river, 224, 633
Irwin, Basil, 629
Irwin, Lt.Gen. Noel, 433
Ishii, Lt.Gen. Shiro, 672
Ishpaikin, Yuri, 389
Israel: created, 674
Italy: enters war, 75–6, 104; lacks common strategy with Germany, 100; industrial and military weakness, 104; workers in Germany, 104; German contempt for, 105; in North African campaigns, 108–10, 134–5, 137–8; unmilitary attitude and performance, 108–11, 457; air force in attacks on Britain, 109; and German domination, 118, 459; occupation of Balkans, 124; naval strength, 270, 295; human torpedo crews attack Alexandria, 294; naval defeat at Taranto, 294; attacks Malta convoys, 296; claims to sink US battleship, 306–7; troops retreat in Russia, 318–20; conditions for civilians, 341; food shortages and hunger, 350–1; troops in Rommel’s army, 370–2; Allied invasion and campaign in, 443–4, 451–7, 463–4, 528–30, 595; troops surrender and fail in Sicily, 445, 447; surrenders and joins Allies, 451, 459, 462; casualties, 453, 456–7, 670; Gustav Line, 455; partisans, 455, 459–60; winter conditions, 455–6; effect of campaign on local people, 458; German reprisals against civilians in, 460–1; women violated by Allied troops, 461; Allied desertions in, 462; British prisoners of war trek south to Allied lines, 462; occupies German troops, 463; aircraft quality, 473; German retreat in, 530; German surrender, 630
Ito, Sgt. Kiyoshi, 645
Ivanov, Pvt. (of Russian 70th Army), 393
Iwo Jima, 635–6
Izraelit (Moscow legal adviser), 152
Jackson, Jackie, 327
Jaik, Juhan, 145
James, Lt. Harold, 434
Japan: atom bomb used against, xvi, 251, 647–51, 673; bombed by US aircraft, xvi–xvii, 237, 429, 637–40, 646; war and troops in China, xvi, 191–2, 261, 427–9, 432; as threat to British interests, 105; Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy (1940), 112, 187, 192; advances checked in Pacific (1942), 166; attack on USA, 189, 191, 195–6; US freeze on assets (July 1941) and oil embargo, 189, 194, 432; neutrality pact with Russia (1941), 190; defeat in skirmish with Russia (1939), 192; early military victories and territorial gains, 192, 194, 200, 217–18, 231, 236, 306; faith in German victory, 192–3, 195; strategic aims, 193–4, 237, 268; troops in French Indochina, 193–5; occasional hesitancy in battle, 196–7, 240, 669; attitudes to war, 202; attack on Malaya, 203–11; atrocities and ruthlessness, 206, 209, 213–14, 216, 221, 230, 234, 430–2, 438, 500, 561, 574; skill in jungle warfare, 208, 221; soldiers use bicycles, 208–9; code of bushido, 210; and British surrender of Singapore, 213–14; racism in conquered territories, 216; treatment of prisoners of war, 216–17, 235; occupies Burma, 218–19, 223–5, 434; fighting qualities, 221, 260, 433, 438, 669; attack on Philippines, 231–5; popular US ignorance of, 231; occupies and develops Rabaul, 236; weak intelligence, 243–4; difficulty in replacing losses, 253; diverts troops to China, 260; casualties at Guadalcanal, 263; faces defeat, 268; total casualties, 324–5, 669; food supplies, 349; women’s role in, 352; secret codes broken by US, 368–9; Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 407; rule in Indochina, 407; Malayan support for, 415; sympathisers in conquered Asian countries, 415–16; treatment of conquered people, 416; and Indian National Army, 421–2; biological warfare, 428–9, 672; use of ‘comfort women’, 429–31; Allied commitment to campaign against, 432–3; declares Burma independent, 435; defensive tenacity in Pacific, 437, 468–70, 636; refuses to concede defeat, 440, 636, 648; aircraft quality, 473; air force effectiveness, 474; blockaded and shipping losses, 558, 569; land war against British, 559; attacks in Arakan, 560; defeated in Battle of Kohima, 561–3; fanatical fighting on Pacific islands, 564–70; defeat in battle for Marianas, 565–7; Slim defeats in Burma, 633–5; casualties in 1945 Burma campaign, 635; kamikaze attacks on US Navy and aircraft, 636–7, 639, 641–3; coastal waters mined, 638; proposed US attack on mainland, 640, 645–6; unconditional surrender, 652; under MacArthur’s rule, 656; prisoners’ deaths in Soviet custody, 657; reaction to surrender, 657; strategic mistakes, 662; war criminals executed, 671; post-war attitudes, 672
Japanese (Nisei): US detention of citizens, 400
Japanese navy: actions, 237; quality of, and seamen, 243; codes, 244; decline in performance, 436; losses, 569–74
VESSELS: Abukuma (cruiser), 572; Akagi (carrier), 250; Chikuma (cruiser), 573; Chokai (cruiser), 255–6, 573; Fuso (battleship), 572; Hiryu (carrier), 252; Hiyu (carrier), 567; Kaga (carrier), 250; Kako (heavy cruiser), 256; Kirishima (battleship), 262; Mogami (heavy cruiser), 572; Musashi (battleship), 572; Shoho (carrier), 237–8; Shokaku (carrier), 238, 240, 243, 566; Soryu (carrier), 250; Suzuya (cruiser), 573; Taiho (carrier), 566; Tone (heavy cruiser), 247; Yamashiro (battleship), 572; Zuikaku (carrier), 240, 243
Java (Dutch cruiser), 217
Jenkins, Roy (later Baron), xix
Jeschonnek, Hans, 140, 483
Jews: genocide, xvi, 510, 517, 674; sufferings, xvii, 501–3; persecuted in Poland, 14, 23, 508; courage in French army, 68; persecuted in France, 81, 126; killed in Lithuania, 148;
and Nazi final solution, 153, 506–12, 514, 517–21; slaughtered in Russia, 153–4; denied sanctuary in Switzerland, 399; US suspicion of, 401; deported from France and Holland, 402–3; in Hungary, 506, 524, 601–2; confined to ghettos, 509; deported from Germany to east, 512–13; and extermination camps, 512–13; suicides, 513; fate little known in West, 517–18; ‘ordinary men’ as killers of, 521–2; protected by individual Germans, 523–4; total fatalities, 670; and Zionism, 673–4; see also anti-Semitism; Holocaust
Jodl, Gen. Alfred, 164, 630
Joest, Eleonore, 359
Joffe, Constantin, 68
Johnson, Gen. Hugh, 187
Johnson, Lyndon B., 187
Johnston, George, 266
Johnston, Richard, 654
Johnstone, Sandy, 88, 101
Joint Intelligence Committee (British), 444
Jones, Corp. James, 259, 333
Josefów, Poland: Jews massacred, 521
JU88 (German light bomber), 40
Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 456–7, 529
Juricka, Cdr. Stephen, USN, 637
Kabouky, Val, 202
Kageler, Georg, 521
Kahn, E.J., 330
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, Dahlem, 612
Kalinichenko, Evdokiya, 299–300, 356–7
Kalitov, Pavel, 303, 307–8, 311, 338
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 615
Kamenev, Lev, 162
Kameneva, Olga, 162
kamikaze tactics, 474, 636–7, 639, 641–3
Kampen, Elizabeth van, 499
Kappler, Lt.Col. Herbert, 460
Karski, Lt. Jan, 1, 516–17
Kasserine Pass, Battle of (1943), 378
Kathigasu, Sybil, 416
Katyn forest massacre (1940), 21–2
Katyusha rockets (Russian), 178
Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 105
Kellas, Lt. Arthur, 30
Kelly, Lt. Robert, 235
Kemp, Peter, 406
Kennard, Sir Howard, 11
Kennedy, David, 189–90
Kennedy, Gen. Sir John, 215
Kennedy, Joseph, 30, 183
Kenney, George, 267–8
Kerr, Lt. Michael, 129, 541
Kershaw, Brigade-Maj. Anthony, 532, 539
Kershaw, Ian, 100
Kesselring, Field Marshal Albert: opposes assault on Britain, 81; commands in Italy, 444, 451–5, 457, 529; and Patton’s strategy in Sicily, 447; evacuates Sicily, 450; rule in Italy, 460; retreats before Alexander’s attacks, 529–30; succeeds Rundstedt, 610; qualities, 668
Key, Maj. Gen. Billy, 215
Khan, Shahnawaz, 214
Kharkov, 301, 304, 320, 322, 383, 392
Khoroshavin, Capt. Vasily, 171
Khrushchev, Nikita, 75
Kiernan, Alvin, 231, 241
Kiev, 395, 526
Kimmel, Adm. Husband, 196
Kimura, Lt.Gen. Hyotaro, 633–4
King, Cecil (ship’s clerk), 242, 658
King, Maj.Gen. Edward, 234
King, Adm. Ernest, USN, 254
King’s African Rifles (regiment), 410–11
Kinkaid, Adm. Thomas, 571–3
Kirby, Kay, 656
Kissinger, Henry, 402
Klaunzer family (Austria), 342
Klaw, Spencer, 186
Kleist, Field Marshal Ewald von, 526
Klemperer, Victor, 365, 448, 496, 535
Klopper, Maj.Gen. Hendrik, 137
Kluge, Field Marshal Günther von, 554, 557
Knirsch, Rita, 524
Knoke, Heinz, 101, 140, 145, 317
Koestler, Arthur, 36
Kohima, Battle of (1944), 324, 560–3
Kola Inlet, Russia, 292
Kollontai, Aleksandra, 51
Konada, Toshiharu, 657
Konev, Marshal Ivan, 525, 608, 615, 618, 623–5, 668
Konoe, Prince of Japan, 195
Kononov, Sgt. Victor, 153
Konovalov, Ivan, 146
Kops, Bernard, 94
Korea: casualties, 670
Kornicki, Franciszek, 5, 7, 27
Kossman, August, 524
Kotlowitz, Robert, 587–1
Kovalenko, Capt. Pavel, 328, 355, 360, 384, 386, 394, 442
Kowitz, Elfride, 616
Kozlov, Capt., 158
Krakauer, Max, 524
Kriegsmarine: weakness, 41, 100; naval building, 273; failure in Battle of Atlantic, 284
VESSELS: Altmark (supply ship), 41; Bismarck (battleship), 270, 285; Blücher (cruiser), 44; Gneisenau (battlecruiser), 270; Graf Spee (pocket-battleship), 38, 41, 271; Hipper (heavy cruiser), 287; Scharnhorst (battlecruiser), 52, 270, 293; Schleswig-Holstein (battleship), 4; Tirpitz (battleship), 270, 285, 287–8, 291; Widder (auxiliary cruiser), 276–7
Kronika, Jacob, 620
Krosigk, Lutz von see Schwerin von Krosigk, Johann Ludwig, Graf von
Kruczkiewicz, Adam, 6, 20
Krysk, Capt., 19
Kundera, Rudolf, 404
Kurita, Adm. Takeo, 571–3
Kursk, 320–1; Battle of, 387–92, 668; Germans withdraw from, 393
Kurylak, Stefan, 14–15, 145, 342
Kutuzov, Operation, 390
Kuusinen, Otto, 45
Kuznetsov, Stepan, 171
Laake, Gen. Kristian, 43–4, 46
Lachman, Feliks, 20, 497
Ladies’ Home Journal: series on ‘How America Lives’, 197
Ladoga, Lake: ice highway to Leningrad, 173
Lafontaine, Gen. Henri Jean, 56
Lambert, Derek, 28, 347
landing craft: designed and built, 361–2
Langer, Rula, 1
Langkanke, Fritz, 176
Lapie, Capt. Pierre, 51
Lapp, Royce, 543
Laskine, Lily, 404
Last, Nella, 67, 102, 343, 346
Latabár, Kálmán, 605
Latvia: anti-Russian actions, 145; Russian advance across, 550
Laval, Pierre, 127
League of Nations, 125
Leander, Zarah, 317
Lebanon: British attack, 126
Leckie, US Marine Robert, 254, 257, 261
Leclerc, Gen. Jacques Philippe, 557
Lee, Cdr. Fitzhugh, USN, 573, 642
Lee, Adm. Willis Augustus (‘Ching’), USN, 262
Lee Kuan Yew, 211, 215
Leese, Gen. Oliver, 595
Leigh-Mallory, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford, 88, 532
Leitner, Karl, 593
Lekachman, Robert, 664
LeMay, Maj.Gen. Curtis, 637–8, 640, 646–7
Lemelsen, Gen. Joachim, 148
Lempicka, Regina, 21
Lend-Lease (US-Britain): introduced (1941), 187, 189; and British weapons requirements, 362; ends, 664
Leningrad: siege and famine, xvii, 148, 158–9, 167–71, 301; Germans advance on, 156, 159; life and conditions in, 170–5, 313; attempted relief of, 173–4; privilege and corruption in, 173; cannibalism, 174, 312; Govorov appointed to command, 311; blockade broken, 313; German offensive and Russian counter-attack, 313; number of deaths, 313; sufferings suppressed, 313–14; liberated (January 1944), 525
Leonova, Klavdiya, 338
Leopold III, King of the Belgians, 25, 62–4
Lesort, Pierre, 57–8
Lessing, Lt. Hans-Otto, 84
Lewis, Don, 566
Lewis, John, 10
Lewis, Norman, 350, 461
Leyte Gulf, Battle of (1944), 571–4
Leyte island, 570–1, 574
Liberator bombers: as convoy air cover, 275, 281–2
Libya: campaign in, 107, 109–11, 113–14, 130, 188
Liebenstein, Baron Gustav von, 449
Lightfoot, Operation, 371
Lim Kean Siew, 214
Lin Yajin, 430
Lindbergh, Charles, 147
Lindsey, Lt.Cdr. Eugene, 248
Lindstrom, Harold, 591, 606
Linlithgow, Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of, 418
Linsen, Albrecht, 166
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List, Field Marshal Wilhelm von, 303
Lithuania: Jews killed by German sympathisers, 148, 511
Litwak, Leo, 607
Lokal-Anzeiger (newspaper), 14
London: Blitz (1940–1), xvii, 88, 92–5
Longerich, Peter, 512
Lorient: submarine pens, 280
Lott, Helmut, 671
Lübeck: British army reaches, 613
Luftwaffe: faith in Ju88 bomber, 40; at Dunkirk, 66–7; machine guns refugees, 69–70; attack on Britain, 81, 97, 101; defeated in Battle of Britain, 82–7; losses in Battle of Britain, 87, 89–90, 92; bombs London and other cities, 88–9, 92–4, 143; actions in Mediterranean, 118, 296; in Greece and Crete, 120, 122–3; forces diverted to Russia, 143; hesitancy in attacking Arctic convoys, 289; at Stalingrad, 308–9, 317; supplies only German units in Russia, 319; casualties, 324; at Battle of Kursk, 389; losses against US Mustang fighters, 442, 486–7; early bombing effectiveness, 473; ground support, 473–4; quality of aircraft, 473, 482; fighters diverted to counter Allied bombing offensive, 480; and aircraft production, 482; weakness against Normandy landings, 536; collapses, 551, 664
Lukacs, John, 510
Łukasiewicz, Juliusz, 16
Luth, Wolfgang, 279
Luxembourg: opposes German occupation, 404–5
Luzhkov, Sergei, 173
Lvov, Pilot Officer B., 654
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