MacArthur, Gen. Douglas: in defence of Philippines, 231–2; withdraws to Australia, 233, 236; Wainwright reports to on Corregidor, 234; reputation and character, 235–6, 439, 569–70, 667; lacks men for attack on Rabaul, 254; disdain for Australians in Papua New Guinea, 265, 432; dissension over Papua campaign, 267; aided by intelligence intercepts, 369; Pacific strategy and campaign, 433, 439; opens New Guinea campaign, 435; rivalry with Nimitz, 439; returns to liberate Philippines, 569–71, 575; lands at Leyte island, 570; on conduct of campaign on Okinawa, 641; urges landing on Borneo, 645; appointed supreme commander for invasion of Japan, 646; signs Japanese surrender document, 652; rule in Japan, 656; and Japanese biological warfare participants, 672
McCallum, Sgt. Mickey, 533
McCampbell, Cdr. David, 474
McCloy, John J., 351
McCormick, Anthony, 339
McCormick, Gunner David, 339, 655
McCormick, Donald, 66
McCormick, Edward, 339
McCrae, Sgt. Ben, 562
McCreery, Gen. Richard, 595–6
McCullers, Carson, 185
Macduff, Pvt. Robert, 537
McIndoe, Dr Archibald, 85
Macmillan, Harold, 36
Macedonia, 465
Madagascar: British occupy, 403
Magaeva, Svetlana, 172
Maginot Line, 54–5
Mahindasa, P.G., 415
Mahlo, Dr Karl-Ludwig, 333
Maier, Ruth, 44–5, 501–2
Mailer, Norman, 230
Majeski, Joseph, 650
Majhi, Gourhori, 423
Majundan, ‘Jumbo’, 417
Malaya: Japanese invade and occupy, 194, 199, 203–11, 215; pre-war life in, 202–3; weak air defences, 203–6; troops’ irresolution, 211–13; anti-war demonstrations, 415; under Japanese occupation, 500; plans to reconquer, 560; Slim plans invasion, 645; Japanese surrender prevents independence, 658; see also Singapore
Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion, 599
Malta: dependence on Gibraltar, 114; Hitler fails to capture, 123, 271; under siege and air attacks, 271, 294; convoys to, 295–7; casualties, 298; relieved, 298
Manchuria: Russian campaign in (1945), 438, 646–7
Mandalay, Burma, 220, 634
Manhattan Project: cost, 640; work on, 646–7; see also atom bomb
Manila, Philippines, 232, 574
Mann, Thomas, 60
Mannerheim, Marshal Carl Gustav, 31, 33, 35–6
Manning, Olivia: The Balkan Trilogy, 134
Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von: insensitivity over Polish invasion, 18–19; Crimean victory, 300–1; ordered north to end Leningrad resistance, 306; in Battle of Stalingrad, 315–16; generalship, 322, 668; commands Army Group South, 383; and Battle of Kursk, 387, 391; condemns Jews, 511; withdrawal in Ukraine, 526; loyalty to Hitler, 552
Mao Zhedong, 191, 427–8, 634, 659
Marcks, Maj.Gen. Erich, 142
Mareth Line, Tunisia, 378
Marianas, 440, 565–9, 636
Marion, US Marine Ore, 257
Marita, Operation, 117
Mariuki, Josiah, 10
Market Garden, Operation, 579–81, 583
Markoyianni, Maris, 116
Marquand, J.P.: So Little Time, 183
Mars, Lt. Alastair, 297
Mars, Operation (Russia, November 1942), 314
Marshall, Gen. George: reputation, 440; approves bombing of French targets, 531; Stilwell complains to about British reluctance in Burma, 559; attempts to correct MacArthur, 570; and weather holding up advance in Europe, 585; and development of atom bomb, 647; achievements, 666
Marshall Islands, 438–9
Martilla, Elena, 171–2
Martin, Cdr. Paul, 126
Marzabotto, Italy: German massacre, 460
Masaki, Kay, 111
Mass Observation: on ‘Phoney War’, 27
Masson, André, 404
Mastalerz, Col., 5
Matsuoka, Yopsuke, 194
Matyka, Edward, 496
Maung Maung, 635
Mauritius: food shortages, 351
Mauritius Regiment, 410
May, Bert, 561
Maze, Etienne, 478
Mears, Fred, 231
Mediterranean: German plans to expel British, 98; Mussolini’s strategy in, 104; danger as shipping route, 105, 271; Luftwaffe actions in, 118, 270–1; naval problems in, 270; Royal Navy actions in, 294, 298; Allies gain upper hand, 298, 379; Axis shipping losses, 298; Churchill’s strategy in, 364, 375, 443
Meikley, Hilde, 513
Meiktila, Burma, 633–4
Mekhlis, Gen. Lev, 301
Melling, Doris, 39
Melnikov, Ivan, 383, 394
Melville, Herman, 244
Mendelsohn, Murray, 516
Menenzes, Leo, 226
Menzies, Robert, 118
merchant navy (Allied): losses and sufferings, 276–8, 283; on Arctic run, 289; see also Atlantic
merchant vessels: Brisbane Star, 296–7; Christopher Newport, 289; Clan Ferguson, 296; Deucalion, 296, 298; Dover Hill, 292; Empire Archer, 292; Empire Hope, 296; Induna, 287; J.L.M. Curry, 285; Melbourne Star, 297; Ocean Voice, 290; Ohio (US oil tanker), 295–7; Port Chalmers, 297; Rochester Castle, 297; Troubador, 289
Merridale, Catherine, 526
Mers-el-Kébir: French fleet bombarded by British, 80–1, 126
Mersa Matruh, 364–5
Messerschmitt Me 262 (jet fighter), 474
Metaxas, Gen. Ioannis, 116, 118
Metelmann, Henry, 140, 315–16
Meuse, river: Germans cross (1940), 56–8
Meyer, Hubert, 552
Meyer, Gen. Kurt, 12, 544
Mi Mi Khaing, 220
Michaelis, Hans, 513
Michon, Col. Daniel, 71–2
Middle East: British position in, 105, 414
Midway, Battle of (1942), 243–53, 264, 306, 669
Midway atoll: in Japanese strategy, 236–7, 243
Miers, Anthony (‘Skip’), VC, 671
Mihailovińć, Draža, 465
Mikawa, Vice-Adm. Gunichi, 255–6
Mikoyan, Anastas, 149, 323
Milburn, Clara, 147
Milch, Gen. Erhard, 482–3, 486
Millett, Allan and Williamson Murray: There’s a War to be Won, xix–xx
Minamoto, Capt. Yoshiro, 656
Minsk: falls to Germans, 149
Mitchell, Margaret: Gone with the Wind, 1, 20
Mitford, Nancy, 343
Mitscher, Adm. Marc, USN, 254, 566–7
Mitsuharu, Noda, 563
Mitsuru, Yoshida, 646
Mitze, Ilse, 489
Model, Gen. Walther: stabilises line in Russia, 167; and Hitler’s order not to yield ground, 175; mounts counter-offensive west of Moscow, 176; in Battle of Kursk, 389–92; and Russian breakthrough at Leningrad, 525; replaces Kleist, 526; replaces Busch, 546; in Battle of Arnhem, 580; ferocity of troops, 592; suicide, 611; qualities, 668
Möhne dam, 481–2
Molders, Werner, 83
Molotov, Vyacheslav M.: on Soviet occupation of Poland (1939), 15; congratulates Hitler on capture of Paris, 74; and Russian westward expansionism, 98–9
‘Molotov cocktails’: in Finland, 32
Moltke, Count Helmuth von, 8, 156, 159, 376, 500, 502, 514, 552
Monckeburg, Lt. Jasper, 180
Monroe, Rose Will, 353
Monsarrat, Nicholas, 399
Monte Cassino, Italy, 340, 456, 528–9
Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law: Alamein victory, 298; wartime promotions, 326; commands in North Africa, 366, 369–70, 373, 378–9; in Sicily campaign, 446–7, 449; dismisses Wigram, 450; returns to England for Normandy invasion, 455; on slow advance in Italy, 455; command for invasion of Europe, 532, 536; campaign in Normandy, 537; and battle for Caen, 554–5; relegated to leadership of 21st Army Group, 557; aims to capture Arnhem bridge, 577, 580–3; antagonises Americans, 584, 668; shortage of infantrymen, 585; given command of no
rthern sector in defence of Ardennes, 593; conducts final stages of campaign in NW Europe, 610, 611; crosses Rhine, 611; accepts German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, 630; qualities, 667–8
Moody, Lt. Tony, 329, 591
Moonen, Rosemary, 352
Mooney, James, 186
Moore, Marine Lt. Paul, 258
Moore, Lt. Peter, 452
Moorehead, Alan, 126, 131, 350
Morawetz, SS Sgt., 538
Mordal, Jacques, 39
Morden, Beryl, 96
Morgan, Lt.Gen. Sir Frederick: on US war effort, 229; on US leaders, 326; criticises Montgomery, 379, 584; as chief Allied planner for D-Day, 531; failure at Arnhem, 581; on Ardennes battle, 594
Morris, Robert, 219
Moscow: threatened by Germans, 148, 150, 159–60, 162–3, 165; Germans forced to retreat from, 168; overnight curfew lifted (Easter 1942), 299
Moser, Hans, 333, 576
Moser, Konrad, 576
Moskvin, Nikolai, 152, 155, 179
Mountbatten, Adm. Lord Louis (later 1st Earl), 635, 658
Mowat, Farley, 331, 333, 456, 462
Mpagi, James, 408
Muehlebach, Fritz, 9
Mufti of Jerusalem see al-Husayni, Mohammad Amin
Müller, Heinrich, 615
Murmansk, Russia, 284–6, 290, 292
Murray, Lt.Gen. Horatius, 326
Murrow, Edward R., 101–2
Muslim Waffen-SS, 405
Mussolini, Benito: as ally of Hitler, 3, 27; enters war, 75–6, 458; optimism, 100; derided in Germany, 104; Mediterranean strategy, 104, 109; impatience for success, 106–7, 109; army strength, 108; incompetence, 108; conduct of war in North Africa, 109, 370; invades Greece, 115–17; praises attack on Pearl Harbor, 196; decorates submarine commander, 307; admired by Italian-Americans, 402; arrest and fall in Italy, 448, 458; protests to Hitler over German atrocities in Italy, 461; captured and shot, 626
Mustang fighters (US), 442, 486
Mutaguchi, Gen. Renya, 563–4
Muzio Attendolo (Italian cruiser), 297
Mydans, Carl, 33, 37–8
Myitkyina, Burma, 634
Nagasaki: atom bombed, xvi, 649–50, 673
Nagumo, Adm. Chuichi, 197, 243, 245, 247, 249, 250, 252–3
Nakagawa, Col. Kunio, 570
Nakayama, Col. Motoo, 234
Namamura, Akira, 649
Naoishi, Lt. Kanno, 643
Naples: prostitution in, 350; Germans despoil, 454
Narvik: proposed Allied expedition to, 36, 41; Allies’ strategic interest in, 48–9; Allies seize from Germans, 51
Naval Expansion Bill (US, 1938), 185
Navereau, Maj., 56
Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939), 2–3, 8, 143
Nazism: war aims, 140–1; and absolute authority, 501; collaborators in occupied Europe, 503; Jewish policy, 507–12, 514, 518–21, 670; T4 euthanasia programme, 507; generals’ opposition to, 551–2; leadership rivalries, 662; see also Germany; Hitler, Adolf
Neame, Lt.Gen. Philip, 114
Nehru, Jawaharlal: on British defeat in Burma, 227; anti-British views, 415; writes to Linlithgow on Indian restraint, 418; imprisoned, 421; on Bengal famine, 424
Neill, Lt. Dominic, 434
Neill, George, 589
Nelson, Donald, 184
Némirovsky, Irène, 126, 522–3; Suite française, 58, 69, 74, 523
Nesterenko, Maj. Mariya, 162
Neumann, Erich, 524
Neutrality Act (USA), 185
New Guinea see Papua New Guinea
New Orleans: shipbuilding, 362
New York Times, 335
New Zealand: forces in Greece and Crete, 118–20, 122–3; excellence of troops, 131; casualties, 670
Nguyên Giáp, 408
Nicolson, Harold, 215, 364, 493
Nijmegen, 581, 586
Nikulin, Nikolai, 173, 312, 355
Nimitz, Adm. Chester, USN, 244–5, 252–3, 254, 433, 436, 439, 570, 667
Nixon, Barbara, 93–4, 312
NKVD (Soviet secret police): purges, 75; executions and deportations in war against Germany, 149–50; recruitment and strength, 151, 322; on guerrilla fighters, 155; arrests Leningrad dissident, 173; reports cases of cannibalism in Leningrad, 174; units escape from Sevastopol, 301; at Stalingrad, 310; on conditions in Leningrad, 312; suppresses traitors and collaborators, 526; post-war counter-insurgency campaign, 654
Noel-Baker, Philip, 291
Nomonhan Incident (Russia–Japan), 192
Norman, Corp. William, 224
Normandy: battle for (1944), xvi, 533–46, 554–5, 557; landing craft requirements, 362; preparations for invasion, 530–3; airborne landings, 533; seaborne landings (D-Day), 534–5; Allied looting, 536; casualties, 536, 537; soldiers’ experiences and conduct in, 541–5
Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 638
North Africa: German forces in, 100, 111, 114; desert campaign in, 105–6, 108–11, 114–15, 128–30; inactivity, 128, 134; conditions, 134–6; German defeat in, 165; British commitment to, 270, 364; Allied Torch landings (November 1942), 282, 298, 361, 366, 375–6; British setbacks, 364–5; British Alamein victory and advance in, 372–4; final Allied victory, 379; see also Libya
Northern Ireland: non-adoption of conscription, 399
Norway: neutrality violated by Allies, 39; Germany invades and occupies, 41–2, 43–6, 185; opposes invasion, 46, 48–9; Allied campaign in, 48–50, 52–3; British evacuate, 50; government exiled in Britain, 50; casualties, 52; German bases in, 52, 274, 285; Hitler fortifies coastline, 285
Novy, Henry, 182
Nuremberg trials (war crimes), 672
nurses: female, 358
O’Callaghan, Father, 637
O’Connor, James, 190
O’Connor, Lt.Gen. Sir Richard, 110–11
Okhapkina, Lidiya, 174
Okinawa, 570, 640–2, 644
Olav, Crown Prince of Norway, 46
Olympic, Operation, 646–7, 649
Omaha beach, Normandy, 534
Oppenheimer, Robert, 648
Orange, Plan (US), 199
Origo, Iris, 443, 455, 458–9, 463
Orwell, George, 518
Oryol, Russia, 156, 392
Osadchinsky, Georgy, 167
Osamu, Dazai, 201
Osmus, Wesley, 251
Ostellino, Lt. Pietro, 114–15, 129, 134, 135, 365, 373, 491
Ostermayr, Herta, 626
Otari (liner), 278
Overlord, Operation, 532; see also Normandy Overy, Richard, 480; Why the Allies Won, xix Owen, Ken, 358, 472, 476–7, 479
Ozawa, Adm. Jizaburo, 566–7, 572–3
Paber, Capt. Herbert, 301
Pabst, Herbert, 308
Pacific: Japanese advance in, 165; US resources in, 199, 436; US successes in, 231, 564–73; conduct of war in, 236, 254–9, 261–2; Japanese strategy in, 236; losses, 242–3; Australian coastwatchers, 261; Ultra intelligence in, 369; US island-hopping campaign, 435–6; demand on shipping resources, 565; servicemen’s experience of, 565
Page, Michael, 276
Paget, Gen. Bernard, 50
Pajari, Lt.Col. Aaro, 33
Palestine: refugees from Egypt, 365; effect of war on, 673–4
Panaiko (Soviet marine), 311
Panikhidin, Ivan, 389
Papua New Guinea: Australian and US troops in, 253, 266–7, 413, 433; campaign in, 263–7, 435, 439; conditions, 264–5, 267; importance questioned, 267–8
Pares, Sir Bernard, 182
Paris: falls to Germans (1940), 74, 76; falls to Allies (1944), 557
Park, Air Vice-Marshal Keith, 82, 88
Parker, Wilfred, 207
Parsons, George, 48
Partisan Review (USA), 186
partisans see resistance groups
Pas de Calais: in British deception for invasion, 536
Pastré, Countess Lily de, 404
Patch, Gen. Alexander, 579
Patton, Gen. George S.: reputation, 380, 439; excuses US killings of Italian
s, 445; campaign in Sicily, 447, 449; anti-Semitism, 516; advance in France, 554–5, 577–8; assault on Metz, 583; slow progress through Alsace-Lorraine, 586; aggressiveness, 594, 667; counter-attacks in Ardennes, 594; bridgehead at Oppenheim, 611; reaches Pilsen, 630
Paul, Prince of Yugoslavia, 464–5
Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich: commands in battle for Stalingrad, 303, 306, 308, 310; encircled, 316; surrenders, 320
Pavlov, Dmitry, 150
Payne, Stanley, 113
Pearl Harbor, xvi, 189, 196–7, 199, 230, 240
Pedestal (Malta convoy), 295–7
Peleliu island, 570
Penang, 210
Penney, Gen. Bill, 463
Percival, Lt.Gen. Arthur, 203, 208–9, 211–12, 213–14
Pereira, Pedro Teotonio, 112
Perkin, Sgt. Jack, 85
Perrett, Geoffrey, 199
Pershanin, Vladimir, 397
Pershing, Gen. John, 186
Persia: Polish refugees in, 498
Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 70–2, 75, 81, 125, 127, 403, 660
Peter, King of Yugoslavia, 464–6
Peters, Franz, 175
Petrolinas, Kasimir, 489
Petrov, Gennady, 550
Pexton, Sgt. L.D., 64, 79
Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, Gen. Karl, 600, 603
Pflug, Henner, 608, 616
Philippine Sea, Battle of the (1944), 565–7
Philippines: pre-war life in, 202; Japanese attack and conquer, 231–6; MacArthur’s aim to reconquer, 433; MacArthur liberates, 569–70, 574–5, 645, 664; post-war radicalism, 659; casualties, 670
‘Phoney War’, 27–8
Pilcher (of Anglo-Saxon), 277
Platt, Gen. Sir William, 109, 411
Pocock, Walter, 92
Pogue, Forrest, 230, 542, 656, 660
Pointblank, Operation, 443
Poland: Germany invades (1939), 1–5, 8–9; Britain and France give guarantees to, 2–3, 15, 660; pre-war conditions, 2; military campaign, 4–7, 12–13, 18–20; cavalry actions, 5, 12–13; and British-French declaration of war, 11; anti-German massacres, 13; German losses, 13, 22; Germans justify invasion, 14; Jews persecuted, 14, 23, 508, 515–17; partitioned between Germany and Soviet Russia, 15; Britain and France fail to support, 15–17; defeat and surrender, 20; Soviet atrocities and deportations, 21–2; casualties, 22, 670; exiles continue fight against Germany, 22–3, 126; government in exile in London, 22; west annexed by Germany, 23; effect of collapse, 24–5; airmen in Battle of Britain, 84; antagonism to Russia, 305; and acquisition of Enigma machines for Allies, 367; citizens deported to Siberia and gulags, 496–7; communist army in USSR, 498; soldiers and civilians leave Russia for Persia, 498; forces in Italy, 529; and Russian westward advance, 548–9; fate decided at Yalta conference, 595–6; treatment of exiles at war’s end, 654–5
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