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Tories

Page 54

by Thomas B. Allen


  Connecticut, xv-xviii, 68, 162, 167, 168, 173, 175, 180, 192–93, 205–206, 302–307, 320–21

  crises leading to war, 1–18, 19–38

  Declaration of Independence and, 130–32

  end of war and, 322, 323–33

  exiles, xiii-xx, 4, 39–42, 76, 78, 79, 96, 113–28, 165–66, 215–16, 233, 242, 247, 248, 324, 326–33

  Fort Stanwix siege, 225–29

  Georgia, 276–80

  Gilbert raid, 64–65

  guerrilla warfare, 196, 199–208, 302–307

  half loyalty, 189–90

  Highlanders, 135–40, 141–46, 148–51, 217–18

  Indian allies, 87, 94, 97, 152, 159, 209- 234, 250, 252–75, 322

  last years of war, 298–322

  Lexington and Concord, 54–62, 160

  loyalty oaths, 190, 236, 246–47, 280, 284

  Maine naval battles, 78–82

  Maryland, 235–38

  Massachusetts, 1–18, 19–38, 39–53, 54–72, 75–92, 110–32, 134

  New Jersey, 184–98, 199, 202–204, 209, 248–50, 298–301, 307–318

  New York, 16, 17, 157–83, 185–87, 189, 190–208, 209–234, 247

  North Carolina, 138, 141–46

  occupation of Philadelphia, 235–42, 247–48, 292

  Pennsylvania, 211, 235–51, 252–75, 322

  population, xx, 52

  recruitment, 139, 190–98, 204–205, 219, 252, 282

  refugee raids, 301–319

  Salem episode, 43–47

  South Carolina, 151–54, 276–87

  in southern colonies, 141–56, 276–90, 320

  spies, 26, 30, 40, 43–53, 55, 60, 65, 70, 76–77, 127–28, 158–66, 168, 169, 172, 174, 182, 185, 189, 193, 195, 196–97, 201–202, 205, 222, 242, 253, 262

  strength of, 52

  Sullivan-Clinton expedition against, 263–72

  terminology, 3, 129

  Tryon’s raids, 200–208, 302–307

  See also Tories; specific colonies, regiments, and groups

  Loyal Refugee Volunteers, 315

  loyalty oaths, 190, 236, 246–47, 280, 284

  Ludlow, George Duncan, 309

  lumber, 79–80

  Lynch, Michael, 164

  Lyon, Reverend James, 80

  MacDonald, Alexander, 133–38

  MacDonald, Allan, 135, 137, 138, 142, 150, 286

  MacDonald, Donald, 142, 145, 149–50

  MacDonald, Flora, 137, 138, 142, 150, 286

  MacDonald, Susey, 133, 134

  Machias, Maine, 79–82, 89, 107, 108

  Macknight, Thomas, 144

  Maclean, Allan, 100–101, 102, 103, 136, 218

  Maine, 29, 78–82, 95, 98

  naval battles, 78–82

  Patriots, 78–82

  Malcolm, John, 28

  Mamaroneck, New York, 181–82

  Manley, John, 123

  maps, 98

  Marblehead, Massachusetts, 44–47, 118

  Margaretta, HMS, 79–80, 81, 89, 107

  Marshfield, Massachusetts, 25, 32–34, 36, 63–64, 65

  Martin, George, 172

  Martin, John, 325

  Martin, Joseph Plumb, 249, 310, 324

  Martin, Josiah, 141–46, 148, 151, 308–309

  Maryland, 187

  legislature, 237

  Loyalists, 235–38, 241, 314

  Rebels, 237

  Maryland Loyalists, 238, 241

  Mason, David, 44, 45, 163

  Masons, 255, 397n.10

  Massachusetts, xv, 1–18, 52, 107

  of April-June 1775, 54–74

  British evacuation of Boston, 110–32, 134

  Bunker Hill, 70–74, 75, 87, 145

  of January-April 1775, 39–53

  legislature, 2, 8–10, 21–22, 107

  Lexington and Concord, 54–62, 160, 222, 352n.2

  Massachusetts (cont.)

  Loyalists, 1–18, 19–38, 39–53, 54–72, 75–92, 110–32, 134

  militia, 26, 30–38, 43, 54–72, 75–92

  Patriots, 3–18, 19–38, 39–53, 54–72, 75–92

  Refugees, 39–42, 76, 78, 113–28

  of 1769–1774, 1–18

  of 1774–1775, 19–38

  war for Boston, 67–71, 75–92

  Massachusetts Committees of safety, 37, 44, 65, 66, 68, 70, 82, 126–27, 155

  Massachusetts General Court, 2, 22–23

  Massachusetts Provincial Congress, 26, 64, 69, 87, 355n.53

  Matthews, David, 163, 164, 207

  Mauduit, Israel, 51–52

  Mayflower, 2, 3, 12, 16, 26

  Mayhew, Thomas, Jr., 11

  McAlpine, John, 204–205, 302

  McCrea, Jane, 224, 390n.55, 57

  McKinley, John, 301

  McLeod, Donald, 145, 150

  McNeal, Sarah, 224

  Meigs, Jonathan, 200, 201, 384n.64

  Michigan, 253

  Middletown, Connecticut, 192

  militias, Rebel. See Patriots; Rebels; specific colonies, regiments and battles

  Minerva, 78, 78, 112, 121

  Mingo tribe, 211

  Minnesota, 253

  minutemen, 26, 33, 59

  Mississippi River, 327

  Mohawk tribe, 212, 213, 217, 228–29, 260

  Mohawk Valley, New York, 134, 136, 212–18, 226, 253, 260, 267–69

  Tory-Indian raids, 267–72, 322

  Monmouth, Battle of, 248–50, 309, 311, 315

  Monmouth County Committee of Retaliation, 317

  Montcalm, Marquis de, 102

  Montgomery, Janet Livingston, 96, 97

  Montgomery, Richard, 93, 96–99, 102–104

  Montreal, 93, 94, 98, 104

  Montrésor, John, 98, 175–77

  Moore, James, 80–81, 149

  Morgan, Daniel, 98, 103, 231

  Morris, John, 153

  Morris, Mary, 173–74, 377n.65

  Morris, Richard B., xxi

  Morris, Roger, 173–74

  Morristown, New Jersey, 311, 312

  Morse, Reverend Jedidiah, xxi

  Morven, 199

  Mowatt, Henry, 78, 79, 89–90

  Moultrie, John, 133

  Moultrie, William, 153

  Mulliner, Joseph, 310–11

  Murphy, Timothy, 269

  Murray, Daniel, 24, 28, 55–56, 57

  Murray, John, 55

  Murray, Samuel, 55, 61

  muskets, 43, 73, 83, 135, 150, 160, 165, 194, 243, 288, 304, 316, 317

  balls with inserted nails, 176

  wet, 227

  Nantasket Peninsula, 122–23

  Nash, Abner, 283

  Nautilus, HMS, 51, 52

  Neutral Ground, 196–97, 200–204, 207, 298, 309

  Newark, New Jersey, 188

  Newbury, William, 263–64

  Newburyport, Massachusetts, 98

  Newell, Timothy, 113, 121

  New-Gate Prison, 300–301

  New Hampshire, 36–37, 41, 52, 117, 126

  New Haven, Connecticut, 68, 192, 302–303

  New Jersey, 52, 184–90, 295, 299

  Associated Loyalist raids, 307–320

  Battle of Monmouth, 248–50, 309, 311, 315

  Battle of Princeton, 204

  Battle of Springfield, 311–14

  Battle of Trenton, 203–204

  Bull’s Ferry raids, 315–16

  legislature, 199

  Loyalist-Patriot conflict, 184–98, 199, 202–204, 209, 248–50, 298–301, 307–318

  Toms River raid, 317–18

  war in, 184–98, 199, 202–204, 209, 248–50, 298–301, 307–318

  New Jersey Provincial Congress, 193, 300

  New Jersey Volunteers, 188, 193–94, 238n., 277, 288, 307, 313, 318, 321, 324

  New London, burning of, 320–21

  Newport, Rhode Island, 43, 64, 88, 127, 172

  New Province, 192

  New York, xvi, 52, 69, 90, 91, 94, 134, 154, 157–83

  of April 1776-December 1776, 157–83


  baronial estates and tenants, 96–97, 134–35, 173, 178–79, 200, 232

  Battle of Stony Point, 306–307

  Burgoyne’s Hudson River Valley campaign, 220–29, 232–34

  Butler’s Rangers raids, 252–75

  Fort Stanwix siege, 225–28

  frontier war in, 209–234, 252–72

  Indian-settler conflict, 94, 209–234, 252–75

  legislature, 91

  Patriot-Loyalist conflicts, 134–36, 157–83, 190–208, 209–234, 252–75

  political rivalry, 135

  Tryon spy and sabotage network, 158–66, 168

  war in, 157–83, 185–87, 189, 190–208, 209–234, 247

  New York City, xvi, xviii, xix, 6, 12, 16, 133, 151, 194, 212, 217, 249, 318, 328

  British liberation of, 169–73

  as capital of Tory America during war, 170–73

  fall of Fort Washington, 182–83

  fire, 170

  food shortage and inflation, 171

  Loyalists, 16, 17, 157–83, 185–87, 190, 195, 231

  Patriots, 157–83, 185–87, 190, 195, 231

  slaves, 330–32

  Sugar House Prison, 198, 318

  war in, 157–83, 185–87, 190, 195, 231

  New York Committee for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies, 322

  New York Committee of Safety, 161, 179

  New York Gazetteer, 200

  New York Harbor, 157–61, 318

  New York Provincial Congress, 54, 158, 160, 162, 165, 181, 195, 196

  New York Volunteers, 277, 279

  night watch, 242

  Ninety Six, 152, 283

  Norfolk, Virginia, 155

  North Carolina, 37, 135, 136, 138, 141, 172, 276, 280, 285–90, 308–309, 331

  Battle of King’s Mountain, 288–90

  Highlanders, 141–46, 148–51

  Patriot-Loyalist conflict, 138, 141–46, 285–90

  vote for independence, 151

  Norwalk, Connecticut, 174, 192, 205, 306

  Nova Scotia, xviii, xix, 4, 5, 11, 79, 89, 95–97, 101, 106, 151

  Loyalist refugees, 113–28, 129–30, 324, 328–30, 333

  Patriot-Loyalist clashes, 95–97, 106- 108, 133

  Nutting, John, 42, 78

  O’Brien, Jeremiah, 80–81, 107–108

  Odell, Reverend Jonathan, 295

  Ohio, 210, 211, 253, 272–74

  Indian-Tory raids, 272–74

  Old Colony Club, 1–2, 4–5, 7, 10–12, 14, 18, 34, 41, 73–74, 171, 341n.3

  Olive Branch Petition, 83

  Oliver, Peter, 4, 21, 34

  Oliver, Thomas, 31, 39

  Oneida tribe, 212, 216, 226–27, 253, 264, 269

  Onondaga tribe, 212, 213, 264

  Orange County, New York, 198

  Orange Rangers, 74

  Oriska, 226, 230, 252, 260

  Oswego, New York, 215, 225, 229

  Otis, James, Jr., 7–8

  Overmountain men, 287–90

  Paine, Robert Treat, 22, 31–32

  Paine, Timothy, 24

  Paine, Tom, 130, 189–90

  Common Sense, 189–90, 194, 238

  The Crisis, 184, 190

  Palmer, Nathan, 201–202

  Paoli Massacre, 239–40

  Paris, 320, 327

  Treaty of, 327

  Parker, John, 57

  Parliament, 1, 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 38, 51, 129, 236, 294

  Intolerable Acts, 17

  Stamp Tax, 5–7

  Patrick, William, 254–55

  Patriots, xiv-xxii, 3, 4, 5

  Associated Loyalist raids on, 307–320

  British evacuation of Boston, 110–32

  British invasion of Philadelphia, 235- 42, 247–48, 292

  Bunker Hill, 70–74, 75, 87

  Canadian battles, 93–109, 159, 161

  crises leading to war, 1–18, 19–38

  French aid to, 128–29, 132, 210, 232, 244, 276, 321

  guerrilla warfare, 196, 199–208, 302–307

  Indians and, 87, 209–234, 252–75, 322

  Lexington and Concord, 54–62, 160, 352n.2

  Maine, 78–82

  Massachusetts, 3–18, 19–38, 39–53, 54–72, 75–92

  militias, xv-xvii, xxi, 26, 28, 30–38, 43, 54–62, 68, 141, 160, 194, 206, 219, 226, 247, 310, 325

  minutemen, 26, 33, 59

  New Jersey, 184–98, 199, 202–204, 209, 248–50, 298–301, 307–318

  New York, 157–83, 185–87, 189, 190- 208, 209–234, 247

  Pennsylvania, 235–51, 252–75, 322

  return to Philadelphia, 247–48, 292

  riflemen, 83, 87, 231, 269

  Salem episode, 43–47

  spies, 44, 48–49, 70, 163, 174–77, 277

  Sullivan-Clinton expedition, 263–72

  tea crisis, 14–18, 20, 116

  terminology, xxii, xxiii, 3

  Tryon’s raids on, 200–208, 302–307

  war for Boston, 67–71, 75–92

  See also Rebels; specific colonies, regiments, and groups

  Pederick, John, 44–45

  Peekskill, New York, 196, 201

  Pelham, Henry, 76–77, 344n.37, 349nn.1, 5

  Pennsylvania, xiv, 146–47, 203, 211, 265

  Battle of Brandywine, 238–39

  British occupation of Philadelphia, 235–42, 247–48, 292

  Butler’s Rangers raids, 252–75

  Loyalists, 211, 235–51, 252–75, 322

  Paoli Massacre, 239–40

  war in, 235–51, 252–75, 322

  Wyoming Valley raid, 252–60, 263

  Pennsylvania Evening Post, 241

  Pennsylvania Light Dragoons, 286

  Pennsylvania Loyalists, 241

  Percy, Lord Hugh, 61–63

  Peters, John, 221, 230, 233

  Peters, John, Jr., 221, 233

  Peters, Reverend Samuel Andrew, 221

  pettiaugers, 191

  Philadelphia, xiv, 6, 16, 17, 28, 65, 68, 69, 128, 146, 177, 222, 291–94, 325, 327, 395n.56

  British occupation of, 235–42, 247–48, 292

  Patriot return to, 247–48, 292

  society, 241–42

  Philadelphia Light Dragoons, 242

  Philipsburg Manor, 179

  Philipse, Frederick III, 179

  Philipse, Susannah, 173

  Phips, David, 39

  Pierce, Phineas, 257

  Pilgrims, 1

  Pine-Banditti, 310–11

  Pitcairn, John, 57, 60–61, 73

  Pittsburgh, 211

  “placeman,” 8

  Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1–18, 19–20, 25, 26, 32, 34, 35

  Plymouth Rock, 18, 345n.57

  Pollard, Benjamin, 85

  Polly, 81

  population, xx, 165

  Adam’s one-third thesis, xx-xxii

  Porter, Asahel, 55, 56–57

  Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 36–37, 43

  Post, Jeremiah, 230

  Powder Alarm, 30–31, 39, 43

  Presbyterians, 3, 80, 135, 147–48

  Prescott, Samuel, 56, 58

  Prescott, William, 71, 72, 73

  press, 7, 12, 21, 225

  British, 66, 87, 246

  Rebel, 21

  Tory, 162, 191, 200, 205, 241

  See also specific publications

  Preston, Thomas, 13–14

  Prince, Gershom, 257, 258

  Prince of Wales’ American Volunteers, xvi, 192, 205, 281

  Princeton, New Jersey, 199

  Battle of, 204

  prisoners of war, 87–88, 130, 136, 150, 171, 186, 200, 203, 208, 228, 274, 283, 289, 295–96, 300–301, 318–20, 324, 369n.17

  on British prison ships, 198

  end of war and, 331

  Provincial Corps, 134 and n, 135, 145, 195

  Prussia, 131–32

  Puritans, 3, 29

  Putnam, Israel, xiii, 201–202

  Putnam, James, 24, 77

  Quakers, 197, 241,
246, 293, 322

  Quartering Act, 9

  Quebec, 17, 93–95, 98–109, 135, 215, 273, 328

  failed attack on, 102–105

  Quebec Act, 94, 273

  Queen’s American Rangers, xvi-xvii, 177, 182, 192, 238n., 239, 241, 242, 248, 313, 314

  Queen’s County, New York, 160, 165, 183

  Queen’s Guards, 32–33, 34, 35, 63–64, 73

  Queen’s Loyal Rangers, 221, 224, 230–34

  Queen’s Loyal Virginia Regiment, 139–40

  Quero, 65

  rape, 202, 304

  Rebels, xiv-xxii

  Battle of King’s Mountain, 288–90

  British invasion of Philadelphia, 235- 42, 247–48, 292

  Bunker Hill, 70–74, 75, 87

  Canadian battles, 93–109, 159, 161

  crises leading to war, 1–18, 19–38

  Dutch, 197

  Fort Stanwix siege, 225–29

  French aid to, 128–29, 132, 210, 232, 244, 276, 321

  guerrilla warfare, 196, 199–208, 302–307

  Indian-settler conflict, 209–234, 252–75, 322

  Lexington and Concord, 54–62, 160, 352n.2

  Maine, 78–82

  martial law, 144

  Maryland, 237

  Massachusetts, 3–18, 19–38, 39–53, 54–72, 75–92

  militias, xv-xvii, xxi, 26, 28, 30–38, 43, 54–62, 68, 141, 160, 194, 206, 219, 226, 247, 310, 325

  minutemen, 26, 33, 59

  New Jersey, 184–98, 199, 202–204, 209, 248–50, 298–301, 307–318

  New York, 157–83, 185–87, 189, 190- 208, 209–234, 247

  Pennsylvania, 235–51, 252–75, 322

  Salem episode, 43–47

  in southern colonies, 141–56, 276–90, 320

  spies, 44, 48–49, 70, 163, 174–77, 277

  Sullivan-Clinton expedition, 263–72

  terminology, xxii-xxiii

  Tryon’s raids on, 200–208, 302–307

  war for Boston, 67–71, 75–92

  See also Patriots; specific colonies, regiments, and groups

  Redding, Connecticut, 192

  Refugee Club, 301

  refugee raids, Loyalist, 301–319

  Refugees, 253

  Regulators, 141–42, 145, 149–50, 164

  religion, xvii, 3, 135, 147–48, 192, 275

  Presbyterian-Anglican conflict, 148

  Revere, Paul, xvi, 8, 9, 10, 13, 23, 44, 52, 53, 55, 58, 128, 344n.37, 350n.20, 353n.25

  Revolutionary War, xiii-xxii

  Arnold’s treason, 291–97

  beginning of, 54–74

  British occupation of Philadelphia, 235–42, 247–48, 292

  Bunker Hill, 70–74, 75, 87

  Butler’s Rangers raids, 252–75

  Canadian battles, 93–109, 159, 161, 176, 222

  casualties, 60 and n., 72, 73, 81, 97, 150, 155, 169–70, 182, 203, 227, 230, 280

  Connecticut, 205–206, 302–307

  Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown, 319–24, 412n.1

  crises leading to, 1–18, 19–38

  Declaration of Independence and, 130–32

  end of, 322, 323–33

 

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