Book Read Free

The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human

Page 20

by Gottschall, Jonathan


  Mar, Raymond, and Keith Oatley. “The Function of Fiction Is the Abstraction and Simulation of Social Experience.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 3 (2008): 173–92.

  Mar, Raymond, Keith Oatley, Jacob Hirsh, Jennifer dela Paz, and Jordan Peterson. “Bookworms Versus Nerds: Exposure to Fiction Versus Non-Fiction, Divergent Associations with Social Ability, and the Simulations of Fictional Social Worlds.” Journal of Research in Personality 40 (2006): 694–712.

  Mar, Raymond, Keith Oatley, and Jordan Peterson. “Exploring the Link Between Reading Fiction and Empathy: Ruling Out Individual Differences and Examining Outcomes.” Communications: The European Journal of Communication 34 (2009): 407–28.

  Marcus, Gary. Kluge: The Haphazard Evolution of the Human Mind. Boston: Mariner, 2008.

  Marsh, Elizabeth, Michelle Meade, and Henry Roediger III. “Learning Facts from Fiction.” Journal of Memory and Language 49 (2003): 519–36.

  Mastro, Dana. “Effects of Racial and Ethnic Stereotyping.” In Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research, 3rd ed., edited by Jennings Bryant and Mary Beth Oliver. New York: Routledge, 2009.

  Maugham, Somerset. Ten Novels and Their Authors. New York: Penguin, 1969.

  McAdams, Dan. “Personal Narratives and the Life Story.” In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, edited by Oliver John, Richard Robins, and Lawrence Pervin, 241–61. New York: Guilford, 2008.

  ——— . “The Psychology of Life Stories.” Review of General Psychology 5 (2001): 100–122.

  ——— . The Stories We Live By: Personal Myths and the Making of the Self. New York: Guilford, 1993.

  McGonigal, Jane. Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World. New York: Penguin, 2011.

  McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962.

  McNamara, Patrick. An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004.

  Meadows, Mark Stephen. I, Avatar: The Culture and Consequences of Having a Second Life. Berkeley, CA: New Rider, 2008.

  Mele, Alfred. Self-Deception Unmasked. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.

  Meltzoff, Andrew, and Jean Decety. “What Imitation Tells Us About Social Cognition: A Rapprochement Between Developmental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 358 (2003): 491–500.

  Meltzoff, Andrew, and M. Keith Moore. “Imitation of Facial and Manual Gestures by Human Neonates.” Science 198 (1977): 75–78.

  Metaxas, Eric. Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2010.

  Miller, Geoffrey. The Mating Mind. New York: Anchor, 2001.

  Miller, Laura. “The Last Word: How Many Books Are Too Many?” New York Times, July 18, 2004.

  Miller, Rory. Meditations on Violence. Wolfeboro, NH: YMAA Publication Center, 2008.

  Morley, Christopher. Parnassus on Wheels. New York: Doubleday, 1917.

  Motion Picture Association of America Worldwide Market Research and Analysis. U.S. Entertainment Industry: 2006 Market Statistics. http://www.google.com/ #sclient=psy&hl=en&source=hp&q=US+Entertainment+Industry:+2006+ Market+Statistics&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=ca5f50573a0b59e3&biw=1024&bih=571. Accessed July 30, 2011.

  Nabokov, Vladimir. Pale Fire. New York: Vintage, 1989. First published 1962.

  Napier, John. Hands. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

  National Endowment for the Arts. Reading on the Rise: A New Chapter in American Literacy. 2008. http://www.nea.gov/research/ReadingonRise.pdf. Accessed August 30, 2010.

  Neisser, Ulric, and Nicole Harsch. “Phantom Flashbulbs: False Recollections of Hearing the News About Challenger.” In Affect and Accuracy in Recall: Studies of “Flashbulb” Memories, vol. 4, edited by Eugene Winograd and Ulric Neisser, 9–31. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

  Nell, Victor. Lost in a Book: The Psychology of Reading for Pleasure. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.

  Nettle, Daniel. Strong Imagination: Madness, Creativity, and Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

  Nicholson, Christopher. Richard and Adolf. Jerusalem: Gefen, 2007.

  Niles, John. Homo Narrans: The Poetics and Anthropology of Oral Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

  Norrick, Neal. “Conversational Storytelling.” In The Cambridge Companion to Narrative, edited by David Herman, 127–41. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

  Oatley, Keith. “The Mind’s Flight Simulator.” Psychologist 21 (2008): 1030–32.

  ——— . “The Science of Fiction.” New Scientist, June 25, 2008.

  ——— . Such Stuff as Dreams: The Psychology of Fiction. New York: Wiley, 2011.

  Olmsted, Kathryn. Real Enemies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

  Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy. New York: Routledge, 1982.

  Ost, James, Granhag Pär-Anders, Julie Udell, and Emma Roos af Hjelmsäter. “Familiarity Breeds Distortion: The Effects of Media Exposure on False Reports Concerning Media Coverage of the Terrorist Attacks in London on 7 July 2005.” Memory 16 (2008): 76–85.

  Paley, Vivian. Bad Guys Don’t Have Birthdays: Fantasy Play at Four. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

  ——— . Boys and Girls: Superheroes in the Doll Corner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  ——— . A Child’s Work: The Importance of Fantasy Play. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

  Philbrick, Nathaniel. In the Heart of the Sea. New York: Penguin, 2000.

  Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking, 2011.

  ——— . The Blank Slate. New York: Viking, 2002.

  ——— . How the Mind Works. New York: Norton, 1997.

  ——— . “Toward a Consilient Study of Literature.” Philosophy and Literature 31 (2007): 161–77.

  Pinsky, Robert. The Handbook of Heartbreak: 101 Poems of Lost Love and Sorrow. New York: Morrow, 1998.

  Plato. The Republic. Translated by Desmond Lee. New York: Penguin, 2003.

  Poe, Edgar Allan. Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. New York: Vintage, 1975.

  Pronin, Emily, Daniel Linn, and Lee Ross. “The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002): 369–81.

  Ramachandran, V. S. The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist’s Quest for What Makes Us Human. New York: Norton, 2011.

  Reeves, Byron, and Clifford Nass. The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 2003.

  Revonsuo, Antti. “Did Ancestral Humans Dream for Their Lives?” In Sleep and Dreaming: Scientific Advances and Reconsiderations, edited by Edward Pace-Schott, Mark Solms, Mark Blagrove, and Stevan Harnad, 275–94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

  ——— . “The Reinterpretation of Dreams: An Evolutionary Hypothesis of the Function of Dreaming.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (2000): 793–1121.

  Richardson, Samuel. The History of Sir Charles Grandison. Vol. 6. London: Suttaby, Evance and Fox, 1812. First published 1753–1754.

  Rizzolatti, Giacomo, Corrando Sinigaglia, and Frances Anderson. Mirrors in the Brain: How Our Minds Share Actions, Emotions, and Experiences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

  Rock, Andrea. The Mind at Night: The New Science of How and Why We Dream. New York: Basic, 2004.

  Roskos-Ewoldsen, David, Beverly Roskos-Ewoldsen, and Francesca Carpentier. “Media Priming: An Updated Synthesis.” In Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research, 3rd ed., edited by Jennings Bryant and Mary Beth Oliver. New York: Routledge, 2009.

  Russell, David. Literature for Children: A Short Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Longman, 1991.

  Sacks, Oliver. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. New York: Simon and Schus
ter, 1985. First published 1970.

  Schachter, Daniel. Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past. New York: Basic, 1996.

  ——— . The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

  Schechter, Harold. Savage Pastimes: A Cultural History of Violent Entertainment. New York: St. Martin’s, 2005.

  Schweikart, Larry, and Michael Allen. A Patriot’s History of the United States: From Columbus’s Great Discovery to the War on Terror. New York: Sentinel, 2007.

  Shaffer, David, S. A. Hensch, and Katherine Kipp. Developmental Psychology. New York: Wadsworth, 2006.

  Shedler, Jonathan. “The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Therapy.” American Psychologist 65 (2010): 98–109.

  Shields, David. Reality Hunger: A Manifesto. New York: Knopf, 2010.

  Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990.

  Singer, Dorothy, and Jerome Singer. The House of Make Believe: Play and the Developing Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

  Slater, Mel, Angus Antley, Adam Davison, David Swapp, Christoph Guger, Chris Barker, Nancy Pistrang, and Maria V. Sanchez-Vives. “A Virtual Reprise of the Stanley Milgram Obedience Experiments.” PLoS ONE 1 (2006).

  Smith, Stacy, and Amy Granados. “Content Patterns and Effects Surrounding Sex-Role Stereotyping on Television and Film.” In Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research, 3rd ed., edited by Jennings Bryant and Mary Beth Oliver. New York: Routledge, 2009.

  Smoking Gun. “A Million Little Lies,” January 8, 2006. http://www.thesmokinggun .com/documents/celebrity/million-little-lies. Accessed August 30, 2010.

  Solms, Mark. “Dreaming and REM Sleep Are Controlled by Different Mechanisms.” In Sleep and Dreaming: Scientific Advances and Reconsiderations, edited by Edward Pace-Schott, Mark Solms, Mark Blagrove, and Stevan Harnad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

  Speer, Nicole, Jeremy Reynolds, Khena Swallow, and Jeffrey M. Zacks. “Reading Stories Activates Neural Representations of Visual and Motor Experiences.” Psychological Science 20 (2009): 989–99.

  Spence, Donald. Narrative Truth and Historical Truth and the Freudian Metaphor. New York: Norton, 1984.

  Spotts, Frederic. Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics. New York: Overlook, 2003.

  Stone, Jason. “The Attraction of Religion.” In The Evolution of Religion: Studies, Theories, and Critiques, edited by Joseph Bulbulia, Richard Sosis, Erica Harris, and Russell Genet. Santa Margarita, CA: Collins Foundation, 2008.

  Stowe, Charles, and Lyman Beecher Stowe. Harriet Beecher Stowe: The Story of Her Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911.

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. New York: Norton, 2007. First published 1852.

  Sugiyama, Michelle Scalise. “Reverse-Engineering Narrative: Evidence of Special Design.” In The Literary Animal, edited by Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2005.

  Sutton-Smith, Brian. The Ambiguity of Play. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

  ———. “Children’s Fiction Making.” In Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct, edited by Theodore Sarbin. New York: Praeger, 1986.

  Swift, Graham. Waterland. New York: Penguin, 2010. First published 1983.

  Talbot, Margaret. “Nightmare Scenario.” The New Yorker, November 16, 2009.

  Taleb, Nassim. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. New York: Penguin, 2008.

  Tallis, Raymond. The Hand: A Philosophical Inquiry into Human Being. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2003.

  Tanaka, Jiro. “What Is Copernican? A Few Common Barriers to Darwinian Thinking About the Mind.” Evolutionary Review 1 (2010): 6–12.

  Tatar, Maria. The Hard Facts of the Grimms’ Fairy Tales. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  Tavris, Carol, and Eliot Aronson. Mistakes Were Made but Not by Me: Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts. New York: Harcourt, 2007.

  Taylor, Marjorie. Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Taylor, Shelley. Positive Illusions: Creative Self-Deception and the Healthy Mind. New York: Basic, 1989.

  Tolstoy, Leo. What Is Art? New York: Crowell, 1899.

  Tsai, Michelle. “Smile and Say ‘Fat!’” Slate, February 22, 2007. http://www.slate.com/id/2160377/. Accessed March 4, 2011.

  The Ultimate Fighter. Spike TV. Episode 11, season 10, December 2, 2009.

  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Book Burning.” In Holocaust Encyclopedia. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005852. Accessed August 30, 2010.

  Valli, Katja, and Antti Revonsuo. “The Threat Simulation Theory in Light of Recent Empirical Evidence: A Review.” American Journal of Psychology 122 (2009): 17–38.

  Viereck, Peter. Metapolitics: The Roots of the Nazi Mind. New York: Capricorn, 1981. First published 1941.

  Voland, Eckart, and Wulf Schiefenhovel, eds. The Biological Evolution of Religious Mind and Behavior. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer, 2009.

  Wade, Nicholas. The Faith Instinct: How Religion Evolved and Why It Endures. New York: Penguin, 2009.

  Waller, Douglas. Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot. New York: Dell, 1999.

  Wallis, James. “Making Games That Make Stories.” In Second Person: Role-Playing and Story in Games and Playable Media, edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.

  Walton, Kendall. Mimesis as Make Believe: On the Foundations of the Representational Arts. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

  Weinstein, Cindy. Cambridge Companion to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

  Weisberg, Deena Skolnick. “The Vital Importance of Imagination.” In What’s Next: Dispatches on the Future of Science, edited by Max Brockman. New York: Vintage, 2009.

  Wheatley, Thalia. “Everyday Confabulation.” In Confabulation: Views from Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Psychology, and Philosophy, edited by William Hirstein, 203–21. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

  Wiesel, Elie. The Gates of the Forest. New York: Schocken, 1966.

  Wilson, Anne, and Michael Ross. “From Chump to Champ: People’s Appraisals of Their Earlier and Present Selves.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (2000): 572–84.

  Wilson, David Sloan. Darwin’s Cathedral. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

  ——— . “Evolution and Religion: The Transformation of the Obvious.” In The Evolution of Religion: Studies, Theories, and Critiques, edited by Joseph Bulbulia, Richard Sosis, Erica Harris, and Russell Genet. Santa Margarita, CA: Collins Foundation, 2008.

  ——— . Evolution for Everyone. New York: Random House, 2007.

  Wilson, David Sloan, and Edward O. Wilson. “Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Sociobiology.” Quarterly Review of Biology 82 (2007): 327–48.

  Wilson, Edward O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Knopf, 1998.

  Wilson, Frank. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New York: Pantheon, 1998.

  Wolfe, Tom. “The New Journalism.” In The New Journalism, edited by Tom Wolfe and Edward Warren Johnson, 13–68. London: Picador, 1975.

  Wood, James. How Fiction Works. New York: Picador, 2008.

  Wood, Wendy, and Alice Eagly. “A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Behavior of Women and Men: Implications for the Origins of Sex Differences.” Psychological Bulletin 128 (2002): 699–727.

  Yagoda, Ben. Memoir: A History. New York: Riverhead, 2009.

  Young, Kay, and Jeffrey Saver. “The Neurology of Narrative.” Substance 94/95 (2001): 72–84.

  Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States, 1492–Present. New York: Harper, 2003. First published 1980.

  Zunshine, Lisa. Why We Read Fiction. Columbus: Ohio University Press, 2006.
r />   Credits

  [>]: Vintage Images/Alamy. [>]: Bettman/Corbis. [>]: Jonathan Gottschall. [>]: © English Heritage/NMR. [>]: © Aaron Escobar. [>]: Airman 1st Class Nicholas Pilch. [>]: PASIEKA/SPL/Getty Images. [>]: Nat Farbman/Getty Images. [>]: © Tonny Tunya, Compassion International, used by permission. [>]: © Charles and Josette Lenars/Corbis. [>]: Photograph by Bailey Rae Weaver, whose photography can be viewed at www.flickr.com/photos/baileysjunk. [>]: © Peter Turnley/Corbis. [>]: Corbis. [>]: Corbis. [>]: From More English Fairy Tales, ed. Joseph Jacobs, illus. John D. Batten, G. Putnam’s Sons, 1922. [>]: From George Gissing: A Critical Study, Frank Swinnerton, Martin Secker, 1912. [>]: Dorothea Lange/Library of Congress. [>]: Corbis. [>]: David Shankbone. [>]: From Andrew N. Meltzoff and M. Keith Moore, “Imitation of Facial and Manual Gestures by Human Neonates.” Science, 198, 1977, 75–78. [>]: Public Library of Science. [>]: From The History of Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes, illus. Gustave Doré, Cassell and Co., 1906. [>]: Photo courtesy of D. Sharon Pruitt. [>]: Corbis. [>]: Corbis. [>]: Corbis. [>]: Getty Images. [>]: Nicky Wilkes, Redditch, UK. [>]: The Air Loom, A Human Influencing Machine, 2002, Rod Dickinson. [>]: Pinguino Kolb. [>]: The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God by David J. Linden, p. 228, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Copyright © 2007 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Joan M. K. Tycko, illustrator. [>]: From Tales of Sherlock Holmes, A. Conan Doyle, A. L. Burt, 1906. [>]: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech. [>]: Jonathan Gottschall. [>]: Corbis, Corbis, Photodisc/Getty Images, Corbis. [>]: Python (Monty) Pictures. [>]: Roman Suzuki. [>]: smokinggun.com. [>]: Getty Images. [>]: Library of Congress. [>]: Corbis. [>]: From Madame Bovary: A Tale of Provincial Life, Gustave Flaubert, M. Walter Dunne, 1904. [>]: From Oriental Cairo, Douglas Sladen, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1911. [>]: Howard Sochurek/Getty Images. [>]: Randy Faris/Corbis. [>]: Deutsches Bundesarchiv. [>]: Cynthia Hart/Corbis. [>]: From Richard Wagner: Composer of Operas, John Runciman, G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1913. [>]: © James Koehnline. [>]: Library of Congress. [>]: From Plays, Anton Tchekoff, Charles Scribner, 1912. [>

‹ Prev