A History of South Africa

by Leonard Thompson

22. South African History Online, “Democratic Alliance (DA),” http://www .sahistory.org.za/organisations/democratic-alliance-da.

  23. “South Africa: Sleeping with the Enemy. (Countryfile).” Free Library, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/South+Africa%3a+Sleeping+with+the+enemy.+(Countryfile).-a080757939.

  24. “SA Apartheid Party Set to Disband,” BBC News, Apr. 10, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4429307.stm.

  25. “Patricia de Lille,” South African History Online, http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/patricia-de-lille.

  26. SA Web, http://www.saweb.co.za/elections/results.asp.

  27. Thabo Mbeki, on the Occasion of his Inauguration and the 10th anniversary of Freedom, Pretoria, Apr. 27, 2004, polity.org.za, http://www.polity .org.za/article/mbeki-inauguration-and-10th-anniversary-of-freedom-27042004-2004-04-27.

  28. South African Government Information, Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at the Second Joint Sitting of the Third Democratic Parliament, Cape Town, Feb. 11, 2005, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2005/05021110501001.htm.

  29. Open Democracy Advice Centre, http://www.opendemocracy.org.za/access-to-information/community-intervention/.

  30. Protection of Constitutional Democracy against Terrorist and Related Activities Act, No. 33 of 2004, Republic of South Africa, Government Gazette, Vol. 476, No. 27266, Feb. 11, 2005.

  31. Charlayne Hunter-Gault, “Graphic Cartoon Tests Press Freedom in South Africa,” National Public Radio, Jan. 27, 2009, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99339922.

  32. “S. Africa’s Zuma Cleared of Rape,” BBC News, May 8, 2006, http://news .bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4750731.stm.

  33. “Zuma Sues SA Cartoonist,” BBC News, Dec. 18, 2008, http://news.bbc .co.uk/2/hi/africa/7789272.stm.

  34. Karima Brown, “South Africa: The Big Ones That Get Away Hurt War on Corruption,” allAfrica, Aug. 1, 2006, http://allafrica.com/stories/200608010042.html; Adriaan Basson, “Extract: Zuma Exposed,” news24, Nov. 15, 2012, http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Extract-Zuma-Exposed-20121115.

  35. Karyn Maughan, “’Shaik Did Bribe Zuma,’” iolnews, Feb. 27, 2008, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/shaik-did-bribe-zuma-1.391024#.UZZ7z7WmhzQ.

  36. S. v. Shaik and Others (CCT 86/06) [2007] ZACC 19, 2008 (2) SA, http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2007/19.html.

  37. SAPA, “Mbeki Fires Zuma,” Business Day, June 14, 2005, http://www.armsdeal-vpo.co.za/articles08/mbeki_fires.html.

  38. “Zuma Charged with Corruption,” Guardian, Dec. 28, 2007, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/dec/28/southafrica.

  39. African National Congress, 52nd National Conference—Polokwane, last updated June 22, 2010, http://www.anc.org.za/events.php?t=52nd%20National%20Conference%20-%20Polokwane.

  40. Ray Hartley, “Zuma Judgement: The Full Text,” Times Live, Sept. 13, 2008, http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/hartley/2008/09/13/zuma-judgement-the-full-text/.

  41. “Constitutional Court Dismisses Mbeki,” Mail and Guardian, Nov. 12, 2008, http://mg.co.za/article/2008-11-12-constitutional-court-dismisses-mbeki-bid.

  42. “Mbeki’s Resignation to Take Effect on Thursday,” Mmegionline, Sept. 23, 2008, http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=33&dir=2008/September/Tuesday23.

  43. Ray Hartley, “Zuma Charges Dropped by NPA—Full Text,” Apr. 6, 2009, http://blogs.timeslive.co.za/hartley/2009/04/06/zuma-charges-dropped-by -npa-full-text/.

  44. South African Government Information, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/.

  45. Sebastien Berger, “Kgalema Motlanthe to Be South African President as ANC Seeks to Reassure Voters,” Telegraph, Sept. 22, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/3061193/Kgalema-Motlanthe-to-be-South-African-president-as-ANC-seeks-to-reassure-voters.html.

  46. “Motlanthe: South Africa’s Safe Hands,” BBC News, Sept. 25, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7629239.stm.

  47. Jaftha v. Schoeman and Others, Van Rooyen v. Stoltz and Others (CCT 74/03) ZACC 25; 2005 (2) SA 140 (CC), s005 (1) BCLR 78 (CC) (8 Oct. 2004).

  48. Jackie Dugard and Stuart Wilson, “Taking Poverty Seriously: The South African Constitutional Court and Socio-economic Rights,” 22 Stellenbosch Law Review 664 (2011).

  49. Statement by the National Executive Committee of the ANC, 2005, www.anc.org.za.

  50. Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at the Ceremony to Mark the Retirement of Chief Justice Arthur Chaskalson and the Assumption of Office of Chief Justice Pius Langa and Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke, Houses of Parliament, Cape Town, June 10, 2005, http://www.dfa.gov.za/docs/speeches/2005/mbek0610.htm.

  51. Political staff, “Hearings on Hlophe’s Conduct Delayed,” iolnews, Apr. 15, 2007, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/hearings-on-hlophe-s-conduct -delayed-1.323129#.UYf_ubWmhzQ.

  52. “Complaints Against Judge President Hlophe,” Legalbrief Today, Oct. 18, 2007, http://www.legalbrief.co.za/article.php?story=20071023145931920.

  53. Paul Halffman, “The Judge Hlophe Inquiry Papers,” Institute for Accountability in Southern Africa, Jan. 2011, http://ifaisa.org/The_Hlophe_Inquiry_Papers.html.

  54. Johann Kriegler, “Judge Hlophe Betrayed the Nation with His Greed,” Sunday Times, Oct. 7, 2007.

  55. “Public Statement by Senior Counsel Cape Bar,” Advocate, Dec. 2007, p. 34, http://www.sabar.co.za/law-journals/2007/december/2007-december-vol020-no3-pp33-34.pdf.

  56. Karen Breytenbach, “UCT Law Professors in Attack on Hlophe,” iolnews, Oct. 11, 2007, http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/uct-law-professors-in-attack-on-hlophe-1.374345#.UYfOSLWmhzQ.

  57. Lenore Oliver, Siyabonga Mkhwanazi, and SAPA, “Hlophe May Have R2m Reasons to Ride out Storm,” iolnews, Oct. 10. 2007, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/hlophe-may-have-r2m-reasons-to-ride-out-storm-1.374251#.UYfPdbWmhzQ.

  58. SAPA, “Hlophe’s ‘Improper Attempt,’” iolnews, May 30, 2008, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/hlophe-s-improper-attempt-1.402685#.UYfQorWmhzQ.

  59. Southern African Legal Information Institute, Hlophe v. Constitutional Court of South Africa and Others (08/22932)[2008] ZAGPHC 289 (Sept. 25, 2008), http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2008/289.html.

  60. Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at the Second Joint Sitting of the Third Democratic Parliament, Cape Town, Feb. 11, 2005, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2005/05021110501001.htm.

  61. “New Pragmatism in South Africa’s Foreign Policy Disappoints Some Old Supporters,” New York Times, June 19, 2000.

  62. “Africa Ready for Rebirth,” Africa News Online, Apr. 8, 2000, www.africanews.org.

  63. Gerrit Olivier, “Is Mbeki Africa’s Saviour?” 79:4 International Affairs (2003), http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20 Affairs/2003/inta_338.pdf.

  64. International Democracy Watch, “Pan African Parliament,” no date, http://www.internationaldemocracywatch.org/index.php/pan-african-parliament.

  65. Olivier, “Is Mbeki Africa’s Saviour?”

  66. “South Africa’s Foreign Policy: Human Rights,” Economist, Oct. 14, 2010, http://www.economist.com/node/17259138.

  67. Peter Godwin, “Bloody Harvest,” New York Times Magazine, June 25, 2000.

  68. “Zimbabwe—the Untold Story,” Sowetan, May 6, 2000 (edited version of the address to the nation by Thabo Mbeki), www.africanews.org.

  69. “Was Zimbabwe’s Election Fair?” BBC News, Nov. 3 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3237327.stm.

  70. “South Africa Mission Split over Zimbabwe,” Cape Times, Apr. 4, 2005, http://www.zimbabwesituation.com/apr4a_2005.html#link4.

  71. Inter-Parliamentary Union, “Zimbabwe Senate,” no date, http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2383_E.htm.

  72. “No Crisis in Zimbabwe,” Sunday Mail (Zimbabwe), Apr. 13, 2008, kubatana.net, http://kubatana.net/html/archive/elec/080413smail.asp?spec_code=080121elecdex§or=ELEC.

  73. Mariette le
Roux, “Mbeki Botched Legacy over Zim Analysts Say,” Mail and Guardian, Apr. 28, 2008, http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-28-mbeki-botched-legacy-over-zim-analysts-say.

  74. “Rogue Democrat,” Washington Post, Apr. 15, 2008, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2008-04-15/news/36899365_1_jacob-zuma-southern-african-development-community-south-africa.

  75. Cris Chinaka, “Zimbabwe Awaits Presidential Election Results,” Reuters, Apr. 28, 2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/28/us-zimbabwe-election-idUSL2871085720080428.

  76. “Tsvangirai Withdraws from Zimbabwe Runoff, Seeks Refuge in Dutch Embassy,” PBS Newshour, June 23, 2013, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/africa/jan-june08/zimbabwe_06–23.html.

  77. Reuters, “African Union Calls for unity government in Zimbabwe,” Canada.com, July 1, 2008, http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=ffd6130d-143f-4c2d-86ff-c62135b1270e.

  78. Umar Ahmad At, “Proposed U.N. Sanctions on Zimbabwe Shot Down at Security Council,” Modern Intelligencer, July 12, 2008, http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=ffd6130d-143f-4c2d-86ff-c62135b1270e.

  79. “Zimbabwe Factions Reach Deal,” Washington Post, Sept. 12, 2008, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2008-09-12/world/36897098_1_tsvangirai-prime-minister-movement-for-democratic-change-president-robert-mugabe.

  80. Economist, Feb. 12, 2000.

  81. “Thousands March against Job Losses,” Panafrican News Agency, May 11, 2000, www.africanews.org; untitled article by Ed Stoddard, Reuters (Johannesburg), May 11, 2000, www.newsafrica.com.

  82. “ANC for Strike,” Sowetan, May 4, 2000, www.africanews.org.

  83. “Mbeki Fares Better Abroad,” Daily Mail and Guardian, June 14, 2000, www.mg.co.za.

  84. Untitled Reuters report, July 2, 2000, www.news.africa.com.

  85. South African Government Information, Address of the President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki at the 2d Joint Sitting of the Third Democratic Parliament, Cape Town, Feb. 11, 2005, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2005/05021110501001.htm.

  86. Patrick Bond, “South Africa Loses Its ‘War on Poverty,’” Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, Aug. 6, 2010, http://links.org.au/node/1826.

  87. South African Government Information, State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki: Joint Sitting of Parliament, Feb. 8, 2008, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2008/08020811021001.htm.

  88. Global Poverty Research Group, “Unemployment and Wages in South Africa” (2005), http://www.gprg.org/themes/t2-inc-ineq-poor/unem/unem-wage.htm.

  89. Republic of South Africa, Government Gazette, Vol. 463, No. 25899, Jan. 9, 2004, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, No. 53, of 2003, http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=68031.

  90. Selaelo, “South Africa: From Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) to Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE), Helium, Oct. 27, 2007, http://www.helium.com/items/669208-south-africa-from-black-economic-empowerment-bee-to-broad-based-black-economic.

  91. United Nations, End Poverty 2015: Millennium Development Goals, http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/.

  92. “South Africa: The Great Debate: Desmond Tutu v. Thabo Mbeki,” New African, No. 436, Jan. 2005.

  93. Thabo Mbeki, “The Sociology of the Public Discourse in Democratic South Africa: Part I—The Cloud with the Silver Lining,” ANC Today.

  94. Thabo Mbeki, “The Sociology of the Public Discourse in Democratic South Africa: Part II—Who Shall Set the National Agenda?” ANC Today.

  95. Alan McIver, “Desmond Tutu’s Moral Compass,” Quo Vadis Southern Africa, no date, http://www.quovadis-southern-africa.co.za/content/11/4248/en/desmond-tutu-5-moral-compass.html.

  96. OECD Economic Surveys: South Arica 2009, www.oecd-library.org.

  97. “South Africa: Inequality Not so Black and White,” IRIN, Feb. 8, 2010, http://www.irinnews.org/Report/88038/SOUTH-AFRICA-Inequality-not-so-black-and-white.

  98. Kerri MacDonald, “Poverty, and Little Sympathy, in South Africa,” New York Times, June 25, 2010, http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/25behind-45/.

  99. Jocelyn Newmark, “Anatomy of a Catastrophe,” Mail and Guardian, Feb. 11, 2008, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/03/world/fg-power3.

  100. Michael R. Mapa, “Eskom Impacts Gold Production and Platinum Prices,” Stockhouse, June 11, 2008, http://www.stockhouse.com/columnists/2008/june/11/eskom-impacts-gold-production-and-platinum-prices.aspx.

  101. ESKOM, Annual Report 2008, Business and Sustainability Performance Review (2008), http://financialresults.co.za/eskom_ar2008/ar_2008/index.htm.

  102. State of the Nation Address, Thabo Mbeki, Feb. 8, 2008.

  103. Terry Mackenzie-Hoy, “Eskom over the Last 30 Years: Why It Has Crashed,” Engineering News, Feb. 1, 2008, http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/eskom-over-the-last-30-years-why-it-has-crashed-2008-02-01.

  104. Brendan Ryan, “Coal Transport under Scrutiny,” Miningmx, Sept. 8, 2009, http://www.miningmx.com/news/energy/coal-transport-under-scrutiny.htm.

  105. “Electricity in South Africa,” libcom.org, May 15, 2010, http://libcom.org/library/electricty-south-africa.

  106. State of the Nation Address, Thabo Mbeki, Feb. 8, 2008.

  107. “Chapter 3: The Constitutional Right to Water in South Africa,” ourwater commons.org, http://ourwatercommons.org/water-solutions/case-3-constitutional-right-water-south-africa.

  108. Ola Busari and Barry Jackson, “Reinforcing Water Sector Reform in South Africa,” Water Policy 8:4 (2006).

  109. South African Government Information, State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, Houses of Parliament, Cape Town, Feb. 6, 2004, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2004/04020610561002.htm.

  110. Development Bank of Southern Africa, “The DBSA Infrastructure Barometer 3006: Economic and Municipal Infrastructure in South Africa,” March 2006, http://www.dbsa.org/Research/Documents/Infrastructure%20Barometer.pdf?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1.

  111. Republic of South Africa, Department of Water Affairs, Introduction to the Blue Drop Programme & Handbook, version 1, http://www.dwa.gov.za/dir_ws/DWQR/Subscr/ViewNewsDoc.asp?FileID=262.

  112. Admin, “‘Blue Drop’” Water Quality Scheme Gains Momentum, but Critics Say More Is Needed, “Rainharvest.co.za, Nov. 21, 2010, http://www.rainharvest.co.za/2010/11/blue-drop-water-quality-scheme-gains-momentum-but-critics-say-more-is-needed/.

  113. Kate Tissington, “A Review of Housing Policy and Development since 1994,” Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa, Sept. 2010, http://www.spii.org.za/agentfiles/434/file/Research/Review%20of%20the%20Right%20to%20Housing.pdf.

  114. Department of Human Settlements, National Housing Code (2000), http://www.dhs.gov.za/content.php?pagename=National-Housing-Code.

  115. Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v. Grootboom and Others, 2001 (1) SA 46 (CC).

  116. Republic of South Africa, Department of Human Settlements, “Housing Subsidies and Support Services,” http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/housing.html.

  117. Martin Zhuwakimyu, “New Deal Is Planned for Gauteng Housing,” Engineering News, Oct. 19, 2001, http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/new-deal-is-planned-for-for-gauteng-housing-2001-10-19.

  118. Lindsay Dentlinger, “Housing Backlog: South Africa Needs to Pick up the Pace,” iolnews, Oct. 24, 2007, http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/housing-backlog-sa-needs-to-pick-up-the-pace-1.376184#.UZaOe7WmhzQ.

  119. Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2008 http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/ZA/COHRE_ZAF_UPR_S1_2008_CentreonHousing RightsandEvictions_uprsubmission.pdf.

  120. Republic of South Africa, National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act, No. 103 of 1977.

  121. IRIN, “South Africa: Poor Squatters Make Way for 2010 World Cup,” worldpress.org, Apr. 16, 2007, http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/2755.cfm#down.

  122. “South Africa: South African Government Urged t
o Stop Abusing Eviction Policy to Clean up Cities,” Afrika.no, Aug. 7, 2005, http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/10113.html.

  123. Thabo Mokgola, “Government’s R160m housing project,” Southafrica .info, Aug. 16, 2004, http://www.southafrica.info/news/socialhousing-project.htm.

  124. “New Housing Policy Unveiled,” Southafrica.info, Sept. 3, 2004, http://www.southafrica.info/news/housing-policy.htm.

  125. “South African Government Information, Auditor-General’s Performance Audit Highlights Irregular Awarding of More Than R10 Million in Housing Subsidies by the Free State Department of Housing,” SouthAfrica.info, May 10, 2006, http://www.southafrica.info/news/housing-policy.htm.

  126. Abigail Isaacs, “Serious Defects in Low Cost Housing: South Africa: News: News24,” July 8, 2008, http://lowcosthousing.blogspot.com/2008/07/serious-defects-in-low-cost-housing.htm.

  127. Abigail Isaacs, “Serious Defects in Low-cost Housing,” News24, May 9, 2008, http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Serious-defects-in-low-cost-housing-20080508.

  128. Pierre de Vos, “Irene Grootboom Died, Homeless, Forgotten, no C-class Mercedes in Sight,” Anti-Eviction: Western Cape, Aug. 11, 2008, http://antieviction.org.za/2008/08/13/irene-grootboom-died-homeless-forgotten-no-c-class-mercedes-in-sight/.

  129. Deputy President Thabo Mbeki, Address to the Seventh International Conference on People Living with HIV and AIDS, Cape Town, 1995.

  130. “Evaluating Health Care: The Health of Nations,” Economist, June 24, 2000.

  131. Rachel, L. Swarns, “Drug Makers Drop South Africa Suit over AIDS Medicine,” New York Times, Apr. 20, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/20/world/drug-makers-drop-south-africa-suit-over-aids-medicine.html.

  132. Minister of Health v. Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) (2002) 5 SA 721 (CC).

  133. “Dissent on AIDS by South Africa’s President: Thoughtfulness or Folly?” New York Times, July 7, 2000.

  134. Rachel L. Swarns and Lawrence K. Altman, “Amid Controversy, South Africa Opens World AIDS Forum,” New York Times, July 10, 2000, http://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/071000africa-aids.html.

  135. Address by President Thabo Mbeki at the Inaugural Z. K. Mathews Memorial Lecture, Oct. 12, 2001, http://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/colleges/docs/2001/tm2001/tm101201.pdf