Shot All to Hell

by Mark Lee Gardner

  Records of Governor Lucius F. Hubbard, 1882–1891

  Rice County District Court Case Files and Miscellaneous Court Papers

  Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City

  Records of Charles Henry Hardin, 1875–1877 (RG 3.22)

  Register of Inmates, Missouri State Penitentiary

  Missouri State Museum, Jefferson City

  Accession File, Harry Hoffman Donations

  Missouri Valley Room, Kansas City Public Library

  Newspaper clippings files for James brothers, Younger brothers, James-Younger gang

  Northfield Historical Society, Northfield, Minnesota

  John J. Koblas Collection

  Asle Oscar Sorbel Collection

  Younger Brothers Indictments File

  Northfield Public Library, Northfield, Minnesota

  Early Northfield history scrapbook

  Rice County Historical Society, Faribault, Minnesota

  Grace Sumner Northrop to Emith Buth, Sun City, Arizona, July 18, 1978

  James-Younger Gang Posse Book

  Rice County Jail Inmate Register

  Watkins Woolen Mill State Historic Site, Lawson, Missouri

  Culbertson Collection

  Western Historical Manuscript Collection-Columbia, Missouri

  Carland Carr Broadhead Papers, 1853–1908 (C1000)

  Bronaugh-Bushnell Family Papers, 1852–1930 (C0079)

  Homer Croy Papers, 1905–1965 (C2534)

  B. James George Collection, 1832–1965 (C3361)

  Missouri, Cooper County. Circuit Court Records, 1876–1884 (C1564)

  John A. Rich Diaries, 1884–1943 (C0898)

  Cole Younger Papers, 1915 (C1670)

  Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma Library, Norman

  Jennie (Wells) Lamar interview, #7631, Vol. 52, Indian-Pioneer Papers

  PRIVATE COLLECTIONS

  David Dary, Norman, Oklahoma

  Oscar Lindholm and Myrna Wey, Green Mountain Falls, Colorado

  Robert G. McCubbin, Santa Fe, New Mexico

  THESIS AND DISSERTATIONS

  Dary, David. “Alexander Black MacDonald: Reporter.” M.S. Thesis. University of Kansas, Journalism, 1971.

  PUBLISHED MATERIAL

  Books and Articles

  Ames, Blanche Butler, ed. Chronicles from the Nineteenth Century: Family Letters of Blanche Butler and Adelbert Ames. 2 vols. Clinton, MA: Privately printed, 1957.

  Anderson, John Q. “Another Texas Variant of ‘Cole Younger,’ Ballad of a Badman.” Western Folklore 31 (Apr. 1972): 103–115.

  Andreas, A. T. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa. Chicago: Andreas Atlas Co., 1875.

  ———. An Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota. Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1874.

  Arthur, Anthony. General Jo Shelby’s March. New York: Random House, 2010.

  Bell, Bob Boze. “Classic Gunfights: The Battle of Northfield.” True West 49 (Aug./Sept. 2002): 24–28.

  Berry, C. B. The Other Side, How It Struck Us. London: Griffith and Farran, 1880.

  Brant, Marley. Jesse James: The Man and the Myth. New York: Berkley Books, 1998.

  ———. The Outlaw Youngers: A Confederate Brotherhood. Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1992.

  ———. Outlaws: The Illustrated History of the James-Younger Gang. Montgomery, AL: Elliott & Clark Publishing, 1997.

  Breihan, Carl W. The Complete and Authentic Life of Jesse James. New York: Frederick Fell, Inc., 1953.

  ———. The Man Who Shot Jesse James. South Brunswick, NJ: A. S. Barnes and Co., 1979.

  ———. Ride the Razor’s Edge: The Younger Brothers Story. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Co., 1992.

  ———. Saga of Jesse James. Caldwell, ID: The Caxton Printers, 1991.

  Bronaugh, W. C. The Youngers’ Fight for Freedom. Columbia, MO: E. W. Stephens Publishing Company, 1906.

  Buel, James W. The Border Outlaws . . . St. Louis: Historical Publishing Co., 1882.

  Cantrell, Dallas. Youngers’ Fatal Blunder, Northfield Minnesota. San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1973.

  Castel, Albert. “Kansas Jayhawking Raids into Western Missouri in 1861.” Missouri Historical Review 54 (Oct. 1959): 1–11.

  ———, and Thomas Goodrich. Bloody Bill Anderson: The Short, Savage Life of a Civil War Guerrilla. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998.

  Crittenden, H. C., ed. The Crittenden Memoirs. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1936.

  Croy, Homer. Jesse James Was My Neighbor. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1949.

  ———. Last of the Great Outlaws: The Story of Cole Younger. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1956.

  Cummins, Jim. Jim Cummins’ Book, Written by Himself. Denver: The Reed Publishing Company, 1903.

  ———. Jim Cummins the Guerilla. Excelsior Springs, MO: The Daily Journal, 1908.

  Current, Richard Nelson. Those Terrible Carpetbaggers: A Reinterpretation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

  Dacus, J. A., and James W. Buel. A Tour of St. Louis, or, the Inside Life of a Great City. St. Louis: Western Publishing Co., 1878.

  Duke, Thomas S. Celebrated Criminal Cases of America. San Francisco: The James H. Barry Company, 1910.

  Edwards, Jennie, ed. John N. Edwards: Biography, Memoirs, Reminiscences and Recollections. Kansas City: Jennie Edwards, 1889.

  Edwards, John N. Noted Guerillas, or the Warfare on the Border. St. Louis, MO: Bryan, Brand & Co., 1877.

  Fitzgerald, Ruth Coder. Clell and Ed Miller: Members of the James Gang. Fredericksburg, VA: Privately printed, 1987.

  Geiger, Mark W. Financial Fraud and Guerrilla Violence in Missouri’s Civil War, 1861–1865. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.

  George, Todd Menzies. The Conversion of Cole Younger and the Battle of Lone Jack Early Day Stories. Kansas City, MO: The Lowell Press, 1963.

  Gordon, Welche. Jesse James and his Band of Notorious Outlaws. Chicago: Laird & Lee, 1891.

  Harrigan, Stephen. “Metamorphosis of a Killer.” American History 47 (June 2012): 54–61.

  Harris, Charles F. “Catalyst for Terror: The Collapse of the Women’s Prison in Kansas City.” Missouri Historical Review 89 (Apr. 1995): 290–306.

  Heilbron, W. C. Convict Life at the Minnesota State Prison, Stillwater, Minnesota. 1909. Reprint. Stillwater, MN: Valley History Press, 1996.

  History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri. St. Louis: National Historical Company, 1885.

  The History of Daviess County, Missouri. Kansas City: Birdsall & Dean, 1882.

  The History of Henry and St. Clair Counties, Missouri. St. Joseph, MO: National Historical Company, 1883.

  The History of Jackson County, Missouri. Kansas City, MO: Union Historical Company, 1881.

  Horan, James D. Desperate Men: Revelations from the Sealed Pinkerton Files. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1949.

  Hoyt, Henry F. A Frontier Doctor. Edited by Doyce B. Nunis Jr. Chicago: The Lakeside Press, 1979.

  Huntington, George. Robber and Hero: The Story of the Northfield Raid on the First National Bank of Northfield, Minnesota, by the James-Younger Band of Robbers, in 1876. 1895. Reprint. Minneapolis: Ross & Haines, 1962.

  James, Jesse Jr. Jesse James, My Father. Cleveland: The Arthur Westbrook Co., 1906.

  Jesse James: The Life and Daring Adventures of This Bold Highwayman and Bank Robber, and His No Less Celebrated Brother, Frank James . . . Philadelphia: E. E. Barclay and Co., 1883.

  Kildahl, Harold B. Westward We Came: A Norwegian Immigrant’s Story, 1866–1898. Edited by Erlinge E. Kildahl. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2008.

  Koblas, John J. “Charlie Pitts’ Body May Have Been Dumped on a Golf Course.” James-Younger Gang Journal 17 (Summer 2010): 8–9.

  ———. Faithful Unto Death: The James-Younger Raid on the First National Bank, Northfield, Minnesota, September 7, 1876. Northfield, MN: Northfield Historical Society Press, 2001.

  ———. The Great Cole Younger & Frank James
Historical Wild West Show. St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, 2002.

  ———. Jesse James Ate Here: An Outlaw Tour and History of Minnesota at the Time of the Northfield Raid. St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, 2001.

  ———. Minnesota Grit: The Men Who Defeated the James-Younger Gang. St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, 2005.

  ———. When the Heavens Fell: The Youngers in Stillwater Prison. St. Cloud, MN: North Star Press of St. Cloud, 2002.

  Leading Manufacturers and Merchants of Cincinnati and Environs. Boston: International Publishing Co., 1886.

  Lemon, John Jay. The Northfield Tragedy. 1876. Reprint. London: Westerners Publications Ltd., 2001.

  Leonard, Reverend Delavan L. The History of Carleton College, Its Origin and Growth, Environment and Builders. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1904.

  Leslie, Edward E. The Devil Knows How to Ride: The True Story of William Clarke Quantrill and His Confederate Raiders. New York: Random House, 1996.

  Lord, Stuart B. “Adelbert Ames: Soldier & Politician, A Reevaluation.” Maine Historical Society Quarterly 13 (Fall, 1973): 81–97.

  Love, Robertus. The Rise and Fall of Jesse James. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1926.

  McCorkle, John. Three Years with Quantrill. 1914. Reprint. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

  McDougal, Henry Clay. Recollections, 1844–1909. Kansas City, MO: Franklin Hudson Publishing Co., 1910.

  McKinney, Francis F. “The Northfield Raid, and Its Ann Arbor Sequel.” Michigan Alumnus: A Journal of University Perspectives 61 (Dec. 1954): 38–45.

  Mangum, William Preston. “The James-Younger Gang and Their Circle of Friends.” Wild West 16 (Aug. 2003): 24–31.

  Metz, Leon Claire. The Encyclopedia of Lawmen, Outlaws, and Gunfighters. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2003.

  Miller, George Jr. The Trial of Frank James for Murder. 1898. Reprint. New York: Jingle Bob/Crown Publishers, 1977.

  Minnesota State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1878–9. Detroit, MI: R. L. Polk & Co., 1878.

  Morn, Frank. “The Eye That Never Sleeps”: A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.

  Muehlberger, Jim. “Showdown with Jesse James.” Wild West 22 (Feb. 2010): 50–53.

  Neal, Robert J. and Roy G. Jinks. Smith & Wesson, 1857–1945: A Handbook for Collectors. Revised edition. New York: A. S. Barnes and Co., 1975.

  Newson, T. M. Pen Pictures of St. Paul, Minnesota, and Biographical Sketches of Old Settlers. St. Paul, MN: Author, 1886.

  The Northfield Bank Raid. Northfield, MN: The Northfield News, 2008.

  Otis, Gerald D. Joseph Lee Heywood: The Humble Hero. Northfield, MN: Northfield Historical Society, 2006.

  Peabody, Christine. “A Lady’s Account of the Missouri Express Robbery. Missouri Historical Review 66 (July 1972): 671–672.

  Pence, Samuel Anderson. I Knew Frank . . . I Wish I Had Known Jesse. Independence, MO: Two Trails Publishing, 2007.

  Petersen, Paul R. Quantrill at Lawrence: The Untold Story. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Co., 2011.

  ———. Quantrill of Missouri: The Making of a Guerrilla Warrior, The Man, the Myth, the Soldier. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2003.

  Petrone, Gerard S. Judgement at Gallatin: The Trial of Frank James. Lubbock.: Texas Tech University Press, 1998.

  Pinkerton, William A. “Highwaymen of the Railroad.” The North American Review 157 (Nov. 1893): 530–540.

  Probing a Mystery. Kearney, MO: The Kearney Courier, 1996.

  Rattenbury, Richard C. Packing Iron: Gunleather of the Frontier West. Santa Fe, NM: Zon International Publishing Co., 1993.

  “Robbery of the United States and Adams Express Companies on the Missouri and Pacific Railroad.” The Expressman’s Monthly (Aug. 1876): 249–252.

  Ryan, William Summerfield. A Biographical Sketch of Mr. James W. Buel, the Famous American Author. 1889.

  Samuelson, Nancy B. “How the James Boys Fled the Disaster at Northfield and the Capture of ‘Frank James.’” Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association Journal 3 (Spring-Summer 1993): 4–9.

  Settle, William A., Jr. Jesse James Was His Name, or Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1966.

  Smith, Robert Barr. The Last Hurrah of the James-Younger Gang. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

  Spencer, Jake W. An Authentic and Graphic Account of the Assassination of Jesse W. James, at St. Joseph, Mo., April 3, 1882. St. Joseph, MO: John Combe, 1882.

  Stevens, D. W. The James Boys in Minnesota. The Five Cent Wide Awake Library, No. 479. New York: Frank Tousey, 1882.

  Stiles, T. J. Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.

  Sutherland, Daniel E. A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Role of Guerrillas in the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

  Trenerry, Walter N. Murder in Minnesota: A Collection of True Cases. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1962.

  Ventimiglia, Jack. Jesse James in the County of Clay. Liberty, MO: The Friends of the James Farm, 2001.

  Wagner, Allen E. Good Order and Safety: A History of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department, 1861–1906. St. Louis: Missouri History Museum, 2008.

  Wallace, William H. Speeches and Writings of Wm. H. Wallace, with Autobiography. Kansas City: The Western Baptist Publishing Co., 1914.

  Weinmann, Earl, ed. Caught in the Storm: A Field Guide to the James & Younger Gang Escape Trail. Northfield, MN: Northfield Historical Society Press, 2008.

  Wells, Shirley. “The Real ‘Charlie Pitts.’” James-Younger Gang Journal 17 (Summer 2010): 6–7.

  Wilde, Oscar. The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. Edited by Merlin Holland and Rupert Hart-Davis. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2000.

  Wood, Larry. Ozarks Gunfights and Other Notorious Incidents. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Company, 2010.

  Woodson, W. H. History of Clay County, Missouri. Topeka: Historical Publishing Co., 1920.

  Wybrow, Robert J. From the Pen of a Noble Robber: The Letters of Jesses Woodson James, 1847–1882. London: The English Westerners’ Society, 1987.

  ———. “Horrid Murder & Heavy Robbery”: The Liberty Bank Robbery, 13 February 1866. London: The English Westerners’ Society, 2003.

  ———. “My Arm Was Hanging Loose”: The Pinkerton Attack on the James’ Family Home. London: The English Westerners’ Society, 2005.

  ———. “Ravenous Monsters of Society”: The Early Exploits of the James Gang. London: The English Westerners’ Society, 1990.

  Yeatman, Ted P. Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 2000.

  Younger, Thomas Coleman. The Story of Cole Younger by Himself. Chicago: The Henneberry Co., 1903.

  Ytterboe, Elise. Ole Voices No. 1, Reminiscenses. Edited by Jeff M. Sauve. St. Olaf College: Shaw-Olson Center for College History, 2009.

  Newspapers

  The Atchison Daily Champion (KS)

  Boonville Daily Advertiser (MO)

  Boonville Weekly Advertiser (MO)

  The Boston Globe

  The Buckeye Informer (OH)

  Cameron Daily Vindicator (MO)

  Carrollton Journal

  Chicago Tribune

  Chillicothe Weekly Constitution (MO)

  Colorado Chieftain (Pueblo, CO)

  The Columbus Journal (NE)

  The Commonwealth (Topeka, KS)

  Daily Inter-Ocean (Chicago)

  The Daily Review (IL)

  The Daily Tribune (Salt Lake City)

  The Dubuque Herald (IA)

  Eau Claire Leader (WI)

  The Evening Tribune (MN)

  The Faribault Democrat (MN)

  Faribault Republican (MN)

  The Farmington Press (MN)

  Freeport Journal (IL)

  Galveston Daily News


  The Hickman Courier (KY)

  Indiana Progress (PA)

  The Indianapolis Journal

  Iola Register (KS)

  Iowa Liberal

  Ironwood News Record (MI)

  Jefferson City Daily Tribune (MO)

  Kansas City Daily Journal

  Kansas City Daily Journal of Commerce

  Kansas City Evening Star

  Kansas City Times

  Kansas City Weekly Journal

  Kansas City Weekly Journal of Commerce

  Leavenworth Weekly Times (KS)

  Liberty Advance (MO)

  Liberty Tribune (MO)

  The Macon Telegraph (GA)

  Mankato Free Press (MN)

  Mankato Record (MN)

  The Mankato Review (MN)

  Milwaukee Daily Sentinel

  The Minneapolis Journal

  The Minneapolis Tribune

  The New Ulm Herald (MN)

  New York Times

  The Norborne Democrat and the Leader (MO)

  Northfield News (MN)

  Oak Grove Banner (MO)

  The Palo Alto Pilot (IA)

  The Prison Mirror (MN)

  Red Wing Argus (MN)

  Rice County Journal (MN)

  Richmond Conservator (MO)

  Richmond Democrat (MO)

  Rocky Mountain News

  St. Joseph Daily Herald (MO)

  St. Joseph Weekly Gazette (MO)

  St. Louis Dispatch

  St. Louis Globe-Democrat

  St. Louis Missouri Republican

  St. Louis Republic

  St. Paul and Minneapolis Pioneer Press and Tribune

  St. Paul Daily Globe

  The St. Paul Daily News

  Saint Paul Dispatch

  Saint Peter Tribune (MN)

  Sedalia Daily Democrat (MO)

  Sedalia Weekly Bazoo (MO)

  Stillwater Messenger (MN)

  The Waseca Journal (MN)

  The Webster Journal (SD)

  Weekly Sedalia Times (MO)

  Western News (MO)

  Western Progress (MN)

  Windom Reporter (MN)

  Winona Daily Republican (MN)

  Wright County Times (MN)

  Troy Herald (MO)

  INDEX

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