From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time

by Sean M. Carroll

and Maxwell’s Demon

  and phenomenological thermodynamics

  and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

  and sliced spacetime

  and the universe

  and wormholes

  closed timelike curves (CTCs)

  and black holes

  and Chronology Protection Conjecture

  and circular-time universe

  difficulties of

  and Flatland

  and “gate into yesterday” exercise

  and paradoxes

  and science fiction86

  and wormholes

  c oarse-graining

  cognitive instability

  coincidence problem

  collapsing universe. See contracting universe

  collision number hypothesis

  comoving patch of space

  and autonomous evolution of the universe

  and bouncing-universe cosmology

  and evolution of entropy

  and inflationary cosmology

  and maximizing entropy

  and observable universe

  and Planck length

  compact notation

  complexity

  complex numbers

  conceptions of time

  Confessions (St. Augustine)

  consciousness

  conservation of energy

  Contact (Sagan)

  continuity108

  contracting universe . See also Big Crunch; bouncing-universe cosmology

  contraction of space

  coordinate systems

  Copenhagen interpretation n

  Copernican Principle

  cosmic microwave background radiation

  and the Big Bang

  and de Sitter space

  discovery of

  and the early universe

  and fluctuations

  and Hawking radiation

  and the horizon problem

  and inflationary cosmology

  and reconstruction of the past

  and relativity

  cosmic no-hair theorem

  cosmic strings

  cosmological constant

  cosmological horizon

  “Cosmological Principle,”

  cosmology. See also specific models

  CPLEAR experiment

  CPT Theorem

  creationism

  Crick, Francis

  Cronin, James

  culture of the sciences

  “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” (Fitzgerald)

  Curtis, Heber

  curvature of space

  curvature of spacetime. See also general relativity

  and black holes

  and conservation of information

  and de Sitter space

  and expansion of the universe

  and flat space

  and Gott time machines

  and inflationary cosmology

  and multiverse model

  and relativity

  and tensors

  and time before Big Bang

  and time dilation

  and time travel

  and uncertainty principle

  and wormholes

  Cutler, Curt

  cyclic universe. See also bouncing-universe cosmology, recurrence

  dark energy

  and acceleration of the universe

  amount of

  described

  and entropy

  and expansion of the universe

  and inflationary cosmology

  and size of universe

  and special relativity

  and supernovae

  dark matter

  dark super-energy

  Darwin, Charles

  Darwinian selection

  dead stars

  decoherence

  definition of time

  demarcation problem

  Democritus

  Deser, Stanley

  de Sitter, Willem

  de Sitter space

  and baby universes model

  and the current state of the universe

  described

  and entropy of multiverse

  and eternal inflation

  and event horizons

  and irreversibility

  and multiverse model

  and thermal fluctuation

  and true vacuum

  and vacuum energy

  determinism

  and Buddhism

  and chaotic dynamics

  and closed timelike curves

  and Laplace’s Demon

  and laws of physics

  and prediction

  and the Schrödinger’s equation

  DeWitt, Bryce

  Dicke, Robert

  dimensions

  directionality. See arrow of time

  disorder. See also entropy

  distance

  “Disturbing Implications of a Cosmological Constant” (Dyson, Kleban, and Susskind)

  DNA

  “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon Its Energy Content?” (Einstein)

  “doomsday argument,”

  Doppler effect

  Doroshkevich, A. G.

  double-slit experiment

  down quarks

  Dumb and Dumber (1994)

  duration

  Dyson, Lisa

  early universe. See also Big Bang

  and the arrow of time

  and background radiation

  and entropy

  and inflationary cosmology

  lumpiness of

  and smoothness

  Eddington, Arthur

  efficiency

  eigenstate

  Einstein, Albert

  and black holes

  on Brownian motion

  and the cosmological constant

  and curvature of spacetime

  and empiricism

  and entropy

  and the EPR paradox

  and expansion of the universe

  and general relativity

  “miraculous year,”

  and popular culture

  and Principle of Equivalence

  and quantum mechanics

  relativity anecdote

  and special relativity

  and Steady State cosmology

  and theory of relativity

  and thought experiments

  and time symmetry

  and universality of Nature

  Einstein’s Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps: Empires of Tim (Galison)

  electric charge

  electromagnetism

  electrons

  elementary particles

  elementary physics

  emergent phenomena

  empiricism

  empty space. See al de Sitter space, Minkowski space

  energy. See also dark energy; vacuum energy

  and atomic theory

  and black holes

  energy budget of Earth

  usable energy

  and virtual particles

  engines

  entanglement

  entropy

  addition of

  and arrow of time

  and baby universes model

  and ball on hill analogy

  and the Big Bang

  and black holes

  and the Boltzmann-Lucretius scenario

  and bouncing-universe cosmology

  and causality

  and characteristics of time

  and closed systems

  and closed timelike curves

  and comoving patch of space

  and complexity

  and dark energy

  and decoherence

  definitions of

  and de Sitter space

  and disorder

  and the early universe

  and empty space

  and eternal entropy increase

  and evolution of the universe

  examples of

  and expansion

  and fluctu
ations around equilibrium

  formula for

  and free energy

  and free will

  and gas distribution

  and Generalized Second Law

  and gravity

  and growth of structure

  e and heat

  and holographic principle

  and inflationary cosmology

  and information

  and laws of physics

  , and life

  and logarithms

  and lumpiness of the universe

  and macrostates

  maximization of

  so and Maxwell’s Demon

  and memory

  and mixing

  and modern cosmology

  and multiverse model

  and the Past Hypothesis

  and Principle of Indifference

  and probability

  and the real world

  and recurrence paradox

  and religion

  and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

  and statistical mechanics

  and Steady State cosmology

  and string theory

  and time symmetry/asymmetry

  and usable energy

  and vacuum energy

  variations of

  Von Neumann on

  and white holes

  “Entropy” (Pynchon)

  Epicurus

  EPR paradox

  equations

  equilibrium

  and anthropic principle

  and the biosphere

  and Boltzmann brains

  described

  and entropy

  and fate of the universe

  and multiverse model

  and recurrence theorem

  and usable energy

  equivalence principle

  ergodic systems

  escape velocity

  eternal inflation

  eternalism

  Euclidean geometry

  Euclidean quantum gravity

  Euler’s constant

  European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

  event horizons. See also black holes

  area of

  and closed timelike curves

  and de Sitter space

  and Hawking radiation

  and inflationary cosmology

  and information loss

  and redshift

  and singularities

  and spacetime

  and thermodynamics

  and white holes

  events. See also event horizons

  Everett, Hugh

  evolution through time

  and complexity

  and entropy

  and life

  and patterns

  and space of states

  and time reversal

  expansion of spacetime. See also inflationary cosmology

  acceleration of

  and the Big Bang

  and bouncing-universe cosmology

  and conservation of information

  discovery of

  and the early universe

  and empty space

  and growth of structure

  and the Hubble constant

  as local phenomenon

  and multiverse model

  and Principle of Indifference

  and recurrence theorem

  and size of the universe

  and smoothness of early universe

  and space of states

  and uniformity

  and vacuum energy

  exponentials

  false vacuum

  and baby universes model

  and bubbles of true vacuum

  described

  and de Sitter space

  and eternal inflation

  and multiverse model

  and potential energy

  falsifiability

  Farhi, Edward

  The Fermata (Baker)

  fermions

  Feynman, Richard

  Field, George

  First Law of Thermodynamics

  Fischer, Willy

  Fitch, Val

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott

  FitzGerald, George

  Flatland (Abbott)

  flatland thought experiment

  flatness problem

  flexibility of time. See also curvature of spacetime

  and black holes

  and curved space

  and general relativity

  and spaceship thought experiment

  and white holes

  fluctuation theorem

  “For Mr. Death Who Stands with His Door Open” (Sexton)

  Foster, Jodie

  free energy

  freefall

  free will

  and cause and effect

  and Chronology Protection Conjecture

  and clinamen

  and closed timelike curves

  and directionality of time

  and entropy

  and possibilism

  French Revolution

  Freud, Sigmund

  friction

  “Full Non-indexical Conditioning,”

  f undamental-irreversibility hypothesis

  fundamental physics

  Future Hypothesis

  galaxies

  Galileo Galilei

  Galison, Peter

  Gamow, George

  gas distribution

  and coarse-graining

  and disorder

  and entropy

  and fluctuations around equilibrium

  and free energy

  and Maxwell’s Demon

  and momentum

  and Past Hypothesis

  and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

  and space of states

  and time reversal

  and uniform distribution

  “gate into yesterday” thought experiment

  The Gay Science (Nietzsche)

  Generalized Second Law

  general relativity

  and the Big Bang

  and black holes

  and Boltzmann-Lucretius scenario

  and closed timelike curves

  and conservation of energy

  and curvature of space

  and curvature of spacetime

  and empty space

  and energy of matter

  and entropy

  and expansion of the universe

  and flatland thought experiment

  and Gott time machines

  and gravity

  and initial conditions of the universe

  and maximizing entropy

  and quantum mechanics

  and recurrence theorem

  and state of physical systems

  and time before Big Bang

  and white holes

  and wormholes

  genetics

  Geroch, Robert

  Gibbs, Josiah Willard

  Global Postioning System (GPS)

  Gödel, Kurt

  Gold, Thomas

  Gold cosmology

  Gold universe

  googol

  Gott, Richard

  Grand Unified Theories (GUTs)

  Gratton, Steven

  gravity. See also general relativity, quantum gravity

  and background radiation

  and black holes

  and classical mechanics

  and curvature of spacetime

  and the early universe

  and empty space

  and entropy of the universe

  and expansion of the universe

  and general relativity

  and Gott time machines

  and gravitational instability

  and holographic principle

  and inflationary cosmology

  and lumpiness of the universe

  and Maldacena correspondence

  and negative energy

  and relativity

  and science fiction

  and scientific meth
od

  and singularities

  and string theory

  and structure/order

  supergravity

  and time before Big Bang

  and uncertainty principle

  universality of

  and vacuum energy

  Greek culture

  Groundhog Day (1993)

  Guth, Alan

  and baby universes hypothesis

  background

  and inflationary universe hypothesis

  and magnetic monopoles

  and multiverse hypothesis

  Guven, Jemal

  Hartle, James

  Hawking, Stephen

  and arrow of time reversibility

  and black holes

  and Chronology Protection Conjecture

  and evaporation of black holes

  and field theory

  and information conservation

  and lumpiness of the universe

  and particle accelerators

  and quantum wave functions

  and singularities

  and time travel

  and wager

  Hawking radiation

  and baby universes model

  and black hole evaporation

  described

  and de Sitter space

  and information loss

  and irreversibility

  and maximizing entropy

  and quantum field theory

  and uncertainty principle

  and white holes

  heat

  Heinlein, Robert A

  Heisenberg, Werner

  Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

  heliocentric model

  helium

  Helmholtz, Hermann von

  Heraclitus

  Herman, Robert

  Higgs field

  Hilbert space

  Holly, Lauren

  holographic principle

  homogeneity of the universe

  horizon problem

  Hoyle, Fred

  H-Theorem

  Hubble, Edwin

  Hubble constant

  Hubble length

  Hubble’s Law

  Humason, Milton

  Ibn Sina. See Avicenna

  If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler (Calvino)

  inertia

  inflationary cosmology

  and baby universes

  and bouncing universe

  and comoving patch of space

  and conventional cosmology

  and curvature of space

  and dark energy

  discovery of

  and eternal inflation

  and the horizon problem

  and initial conditions

  and lumpiness of the universe

  and multiverse hypothesis

  and “open inflation,”

  and Planck time

  speculative nature of

  and true and false vacua

  usefulness of

  information loss and conservation

  and arrow of time

  and black holes

  and checkerboard world exercise

  and comoving patch of space

  and curvature of spacetime

  and definition of life

  and energy of information

  and entropy

  and expansion of spacetime

  and free energy

  and irreversibility

  and lumpiness of the universe

  and Maxwell’s Demon

  physicality of

  and quantum field theory

  and quantum gravity

  and Schrödinger equation