Dispatches from the End of Ice
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PAGE 190. We were startled Robert McCormick, Voyages of Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas and around the World: Being Personal Narratives of Attempts to Reach the North and South Poles, vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1884).
PAGE 193. it wasn’t until 1938 that two hundred “National Tourist Routes in Norway: Sognefjellet,” Norwegian Public Roads Administration Brochure.
PAGE 194. read me a story about cairns C. S. Lewis, The Silver Chair (Macmillan, 1953).
PAGE 195. it wasn’t until 2014 that the HMS Erebus Simon Worrall, “How the Discovery of Two Lost Ships Solved an Arctic Mystery,” National Geographic, April 16, 2017.
TO THE CENTER
The two translations I quote from for Jules Verne’s Journey to the Center of the Earth are the 1876 George Routledge & Sons edition and the 1871 Griffith and Farran edition. The block quotation in section 9 is from chapter 32 of Journey to the Center of the Earth (Routledge & Sons, 1876).
PAGE 215. Midway in our life’s journey Dante, Divine Comedy.
PAGE 215. Here’s a secret Nick Flynn, “The Ticking Is the Bomb,” Esquire, January 24, 2008.
ON TIME
The sources I consulted on the Flint, Michigan, water crisis are Merrit Kennedy, “Lead-Laced Water in Flint: A Step-by-Step Look at the Makings of a Crisis,” NPR.org; Steve Carmody, “Flint Meeting Eases Few Concerns about Safety of the City’s Water,” Michigan Radio, January 21, 2015; and “Flint Mayor Drinks Tap Water,” youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ8VPhY2EoI&feature=youtu.be. Source material in the November 2016 section is from “A Running List of How President Trump Is Changing Environmental Policy,” news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment. Also see John Schwartz and Tik Root, “Could a Future President Declare a Climate Emergency?” New York Times, January 16, 2019.
PAGE 220. piled on top of each other Cynthia Zarin, “The Artist Who Is Bringing Icebergs to Paris,” New Yorker, December 5, 2015.
PAGE 221. joint project of Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson Nina Azzarello, “Olafur Eliasson Moves 100 Tonnes of Ice to Copenhagen to Visualize Climate Change,” Designboom, designboom.com/art/olafur-eliasson-ice-watch-project-climate-change-greenland-copenhagen-10-24-2014.
PAGE 221. one of the challenges of our time Olafur Eliasson and Minik Rosing, “Ice, Art, and Being Human,” icewatchparis.com.
PAGE 223. Bloomberg created its own clock Bloomberg carbon clock, bloomberg.com/graphics/carbon-clock.
PAGE 226. This clock is hosted by the University of Oxford University of Oxford, trillionthtonne.org.
PAGE 226. Oxford researchers predicted Sophie Yeo, “How Long until the World Emits Its Trillionth Tonne of CO2,” Climate Home, October 28, 2013.
PAGE 227. Provisional Flood Club Civic Studio, facebook.com/events/278553392308396 and civicstudio.org/content/provisional-flood-club.
ATLANTIS
PAGE 236. the ocean was passable Plato, Timaeus and Critias, translated by Desmond Lee (Penguin Classics, 2008).
PAGE 237. Rudbeck set out to prove his theory Olof Rudbeck, Atlantica (Uppsala Press, 1679).
PAGE 238. In 1999 French author Jean Deruelle, Atlantide des Mégalithes (France-Empire Editions, 1999).
PAGE 238. Dutch fishing boats that used to travel there Byronny Coles, “Doggerland: The Cultural Dynamics of a Shifting Coastline,” Geological Society of London Special Publications (2000).
PAGE 239. In 2015 a team of researchers Sarah Knapton, “British Atlantis: Archaeologists Begin Exploring Lost World of Doggerland,” Telegraph, September 1, 2015.
PAGE 242. a series of very large waves Harvey Lilley, “The Wave That Destroyed Atlantis,” BBC News, April 20, 2007.
PAGE 242. A few historians line up the Santorini eruption John Noble Wilford, “New Find Is Linked to Events of Exodus,” New York Times, December 24, 1985.
PAGE 245. If temperatures continue to rise Josh Holder, Niko Kommenda, and Jonathan Watts, “The Three-Degree World,” Guardian, November 3, 2017.
PAGE 246. Factoring for projected changes Kerry Emmanuel, “Will Global Warming Make Hurricane Forecasting More Difficult?” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2017).
PAGE 250. the Flem-Aths argued that Rand and Rose Flem-Ath, When the Sky Fell: In Search of Atlantis (St. Martin’s, 1997).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks isn’t nearly enough for Kate Northrop’s and S.A. Stepanek’s constant kindness, brilliant insights, and friendship (but I’ll say it anyway). Elizabeth Chang once dictated a reference for me from a hospital bed, and her thoughts on museums, killer plants, and all sorts of other things fundamentally changed the way I approach my work. Endless gratitude goes to Maureen Stanton, Scott Cairns, Aliki Barnstone, and Julija Šukys, whose careful readings and steady encouragement helped make this project a book. Thanks also to Marguerite Avery and everyone at Trinity University Press for their excitement about and commitment to this manuscript; I’m so glad it found a home there.
I’m lucky to have the best of friends, many of whom have appeared in these pages or in the stories that they tell: Kristin and Will Bankston, Deborah Bates Walker, Claire Donaghey, Heather Brown, Ingvill and Olav Humlebrekke, Kaja Thorjussen, Laura and Andrew Gillott, Callie Flemming, Sam and Maria Aylmer, Steve and Debs McClure, Jane Mitchell, Luisa Gallagher, Sarita Gallagher Edwards, Gez and Alison Perry, Annie Shepherd, Sonya Eikum, Alison Lisiak, Kim Gordon, Becca Hall, Joann Olson, Phil Cannon, Amanda Kretsinger, Steffi Conradt, Luba Tveiterås, Liz & Daniel, and the Sara(h)s (B, W, and Z). Joanna Eleftheriou consistently talked with me about these essays (and everything else) on trail runs and phone calls and over email; your book is next!
Thanks also to all my friends in the Navs but especially to Lowri Peters, Tom Feather, Luke O’Dowd, Inna Green, Adam and Kate Collett, Annie and Tim Forester, Lydia Clarke, Stephen Hartwell, Cat Thompson, Martha Scott, Emma Connan, Charlotte Caspers, Rachel Jamieson, Tom Candy, Hannah Stewart, Matthew Mellon, Stephen Hamilton (whose name I’m singing as I type this), Korryn Shoge, Rachel Bryan, Lauren Tellman, and the Briners. The Dooyemas first brought me to Norway, and the McClures invited me back (year after year!). I’m grateful to Edvin Bolstad for his work with the Navigators and for his wisdom. Also to Daniel Peterson for joining me in Norway, to Tom and Kris Cleveland for being regular and enthusiastic readers, and to my Crossroads pals, Barb, Joni, and Estee, for their friendship.
I’m indebted to many peers and professors at the University of Wyoming but especially to Paula Wright, Julie Church, Dixie Thoman, Courtney Carlson, Emilene Ostilind, Christina Ingoglia, Evie Hemphill, and Mary P. Sheridan. Beth Loffreda taught me much about what sort of writer I hope to become; Wyoming’s MFA was a gift. I’m also grateful to my faculty and to my weekly lunch friends at the University of Missouri (especially Jenni, Alison, and Brie); I’m happy too to have more recently made it onto the conference circuit with Travis Scholl and Corinna Cook (may there be many more panels in our future!).
Thanks also goes to Charles Hanson, Allyson Goldin Loomis, Brett Foster, Scottie May, and Rachel Strom Bass, who were the best sort of teachers, and to Amy Robohm, who was such a help when I most needed it. (I’m back to running!) Rebecca Solnit first mentioned Trinity University Press to me on a visit to Grand Valley State University. Nick Flynn and Lia Purpura read very early drafts of “Glaciology” and “Driving Wyoming” and provided invaluable guidance. My students and colleagues spur me on to more and better writing. Special thanks to Chris Haven, Laurence José, and Amorak Huey for all the great advice, and also to Caitlin Horrocks and Todd Kaneko for welcoming me to Michigan and for the continued welcome ever since.
Finally, thanks go to my parents, to David and Ellen, to Steve and Stacy, and to my four favorite kids: Allie, Maggie, Will, and Adaline Peterson—thanks for asking to hear these stories (again!).
Research for this book was generously funded by a Creative Arts Fellowship from the American-Scandinavian Foundation, a Catalyst Grant from the Center for Scholarly and Creative Excell
ence at Grand Valley State University, and a Judith A. and Richard B. Schwartz Travel Award from the University of Missouri. I’m also grateful to the editors at River Teeth, Passages North, Newfound, The Pinch, Ocean State Review, Flyway, Mid-American Review, Terrain.org, and Post Road for taking a chance on these essays, and for making them better.
BETH PETERSON is an assistant professor of writing at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Her essays and poetry have appeared in Fourth Genre, River Teeth, Post Road, the Mid-American Review, the Pinch, Newfound, Passages North, Flyway, Sky Island Journal, Terrain.org, and other journals. She has an MFA in creative writing from the University of Wyoming and a PhD in literature and creative writing from the University of Missouri.